The common mudpuppy is a species of salamander in the family Proteidae. It lives an entirely aquatic lifestyle in parts of North America in lakes, rivers, and ponds. It goes through paedomorphosis and retains it external gills. Because skin and lung respiration alone is not sufficient for gas exchange, the common mudpuppy must rely on external gills as its primary means of gas exchange. It is usually a rusty brown color and can grow to an average total length of 13 in (330 mm). It is a nocturnal creature, and is active during the day only if the water in which it lives is murky. Its diet consists of almost anything it can get into its mouth, including insects, mollusks, and earthworms. Once a female common mudpuppy reaches sexual maturity at six years of age, she can lay an average of 60 eggs. In the wild, the average lifespan of a common mudpuppy is 11 years.
The Korean salamander, or Gensan salamander, is the most common species of salamander on the Korean peninsula, and is also found and on Jeju Island and in the north-eastern Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. It typically lives on forested hills, and from time to time mass deaths occur in Korea when salamanders encounter man-made drainage structures. This has prompted Korean government officials to execute a series of mass evacuations in heavily salamandered areas.
Hynobius yangi, the Kori salamander, is a species of salamander endemic to southeastern South Korea. It is a lentic-breeding species similar to the Korean salamander but is distinguished by factors including tail shape and dorsal coloration. The species is known from the vicinity of the type locality in Gijang County in northeastern Busan and from the nearby Ulju County in western Ulsan.
Onychodactylus fischeri is a lungless salamander found in Northeast Asia. It ranges through northeastern China, the Russian Far East, and the Korean Peninsula, but is only sporadically distributed within this range. Within South Korea, it is found chiefly in the high mountain valleys of Gangwon province, including the Gwangdeoksan and Daeseongsan regions. The adults feed on spiders, grubs, and insects. Common names include Fischer's clawed salamander and long-tailed clawed salamander.
Salamandrella keyserlingii, the Siberian salamander, is a species of salamander found in Northeast Asia. It lives in wet woods and riparian groves.
The Abe's salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is endemic to Japan and known from southwestern Honshu in northern parts of the Fukui, Kyoto, and Hyōgo Prefectures. The specific name abei honours professor Yoshio Abe, a Japanese zoologist.
Amji's salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. This species is endemic to China, or more specifically to Zhejiang Province; its breeding habitat consists of five small pools at the top of Mount Longwangshan, in Anji County, north-western Zhejiang, at about 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level. Adult males have a total length of 153–166 mm (6.0–6.5 in) and females of about 166 mm (6.5 in).
Hynobius arisanensis, the Alishan salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to Taiwan. It occurs in the Alishan Range, the Yushan Range, and southern Central Mountain Range, where it lives at altitudes of 1,800–3,600 m (5,900–11,800 ft) above sea level. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, and freshwater springs. It is usually hiding during day time.
The Oita salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to Japan. Named after Ōita Prefecture, its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and irrigated land in western Japan. It is threatened by habitat loss, due to the increasing construction of homes within its habitat. The Oita salamander is considered to be vulnerable by the (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species with a declining population.
Hynobius formosanus, the Taiwan salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Taiwan, where it occurs in the high mountains at around 2,100 m (6,900 ft). Its natural habitats are from open alpine habitats to shaded moist evergreen forests. Adults have a total length of 58–98 mm (2.3–3.9 in).
Hynobius guabangshanensis is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to China, as it is only known from the locality from where it was described as a new species to science in 2004, at Guabang Shan Tree Farm in Qiyang County of Hunan Province. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland, swamps, freshwater marshes, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
The Hakuba salamander or Japanese mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. This salamander is also synonymous with the mountain salamander. It is endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, swamps, freshwater springs, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hynobius naevius, also known as the spotted salamander, Sagami salamander, Japanese salamander, and blotched salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is endemic to northwestern Kyushu, Japan. Earlier records from Honshu represent other species.
The Ezo salamander, also known as the Hokkaido salamander, Noboribetsu salamander, or Ezo Sanshouo in Japanese is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. Prior to 1923 the species was also classified by the binomial scientific name Satobius retardatus. H. retardatus is endemic to Japan's northernmost prefecture, the island of Hokkaido. The species is a pond-type salamander, and its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, irrigated land, canals, and ditches.
Hynobius sonani, the Taichū salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Taiwan, where it occurs in the Central Mountain Range above 2,750 m (9,020 ft). Its natural habitats are from open alpine habitats to shaded moist evergreen forests; it breeds in streams.
The amber salamander, amber-colored salamander, tortoiseshell salamander, or Stejneger's oriental salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Tokyo salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, freshwater springs, arable land, irrigated land, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss. Many different species of amphibian have unbalanced sex ratios. This trend is no different in Hynobius Tokyoensis; the sex ratio between males and females is about 1.5:1. Although this does not play as large of a role as habitat destruction when it comes to the decline of this species, it is still significant. Considering their environmental preferences, they are usually found in paddy fields. Mid-Summer drainage from these fields hinders the population's ability to thrive as this would occur before these populations could complete metamorphosis.
Hynobius yiwuensis, the Yiwu salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Zhejiang, China. Its distribution area is central and eastern Zhejiang, and includes Yiwu that has given it its name. Its natural habitats are subtropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, and rural gardens. The Yiwu salamander is threatened by habitat loss.
Hynobius fucus is anendemic species of Taiwan, which is mainly distributed around the northwest mountain range, approximately an altitude of 1500 meters. It is one of Taiwan’s amphibian most recently discovered amphibians, as well having the lowest altitude habitat of all of Taiwan’s salamanders. Their main feature is that their body is covered in small blue and white dots. The cloaca is 5cm and body length 8cm. It only has 4 toes in the front and back limbs. Only theTaiwan Hynobius formosanus has the same number of toes as this species. The other types of salamander, including Hynobius arisanensis Maki, Hynobius sonani, and Hynobius glacialis have 5 toes in the hind limbs. This is the one of main methods to differentiate between types of salamander. Currently, the Hynobius fucus is listed as class 1 endangered species.
