Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
Hypostomus cochliodon is a species of armored catfish native to the Paraguay and middle Paraná River basins in northern Argentina, southern Brazil and Paraguay. Initially it did not occur in the upper Paraná basin above the Guaíra Falls, but these disappeared after the construction of the Itaipu Dam, allowing this species to spread. It grows to a standard length of 23 cm (9.1 in).
Hypostomus agna is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. It was formally described as a new species in 1907 by Brazilian ichthyologist Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro, as a species of Plecostomus.
Hypostomus jaguar, sometimes known as the jaguar pleco, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguaçu River basin in the state of Bahia in Brazil.
Hypostomus formosae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin. The species reaches at least 24.9 cm SL.
Hypostomus hermanni, sometimes known as Hermann's pleco, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Tietê River basin, including the Piracicaba River, in Brazil. It is typically found in areas with flowing water of shallow to moderately shallow depth. The species reaches 24 cm in total length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus khimaera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin in Brazil. It is typically seen in small streams, including the Aquidauana River basin, where it is known from the margins of deeper, sandy areas. It is known to be syntopic with Hypostomus cochliodon in several parts of its range. The species reaches 16.4 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, khimaera, derives from Greek and refers to the mythical chimera, as H. khimaera possesses features normally associated with multiple distinct species.
Hypostomus latifrons is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin. The species reaches 28.7 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus regani is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Paraná River, the Paraguay River, and the Uruguay River. The species reaches 41 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus arecuta is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraná River in Argentina.
Hypostomus basilisko is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Salobra River basin, which is part of the Paraguay River basin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil.
Hypostomus boulengeri is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America. The species reaches 24.5 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus faveolus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Tocantins River and the Xingu River in central Brazil. Adults of the species are typically found in both rapids and slow-flowing sections of medium to large rivers with varying substrates, although juveniles have been found in oxbow lakes and smaller streams. The species reaches 20.6 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, faveolus, is derived from a Latin word meaning "honeycomb", referencing the honeycomb-like patterning exhibited by the species.
Hypostomus denticulatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Corumbá River in the Paraná River basin in Brazil. It is typically found in turbid waters with a substrate composed of rocks with some amount of sand. It is known to be syntopic with other loricariid species in the genus Hypostomus, including Hypostomus ancistroides, H. heraldoi, H. iheringii, H. margaritifer, and H. regani. The species reaches 19.1 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus heraldoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Corumbá River and Rio Grande basins in the upper Paraná River drainage in Brazil. It is typically found in turbid waters with a substrate composed of rocks with some amount of sand. It is known to be syntopic with other loricariid species in the genus Hypostomus, including Hypostomus ancistroides, H. denticulatus, H. iheringii, H. margaritifer, and H. regani. The species reaches 23.6 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus renestoi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Paraguay River basin in Brazil. The species was described in 2018 by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, Hugmar Pains da Silva, and Waldo Pinheiro Troy alongside the redescription of Hypostomus latirostris. FishBase does not list this species.
Hypostomus pantherinus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Madeira River basin in Brazil. The species reaches at least 4.8 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Although originally described by Rudolf Kner in 1854 based on a single specimen from the Guaporé River basin in Brazil, Hypostomus pantherinus was redescribed in 2021 and its range was found to also include Bolivia.
Hypostomus peckoltoides is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Cuiabá River in the upper Paraguay River basin in Brazil. It is typically found in environments with turbid water, a substrate composed of rocks and sand, and various types of riparian vegetation. It is known to be syntopic with other species of Hypostomus, including H. boulengeri, H. cochliodon, H. latifrons, H. latirostris, and H. regani.
Hypostomus plecostomoides is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Meta River basin in Colombia. The species reaches 25.6 cm in total length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, plecostomoides, may refer to perceived similarity between it and the species Hypostomus plecostomus, which it does not overlap with in distribution, although it may also refer to the now-invalid genus Plecostomus.
Hypostomus roseopunctatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Uruguay River basin in the Río de la Plata system in Argentina and Brazil. The species reaches 43.3 cm in total length, can weigh up to at least 796 g, and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
