Grandmaster (GM) is a title awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. Once achieved, the title is held for life, though exceptionally the title can be revoked for cheating.
Jan Timman is a Dutch chess grandmaster who was one of the world's leading chess players from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. At the peak of his career, he was considered to be the best non-Soviet player and was known as "The Best of the West". He has won the Dutch Chess Championship nine times and has been a Candidate for the World Chess Championship several times. He lost the title match of the 1993 FIDE World Championship against Anatoly Karpov.
Machgielis "Max" Euwe was a Dutch chess player, mathematician, author, and chess administrator. He was the fifth player to become World Chess Champion, a title he held from 1935 until 1937. He served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978.
The Tata Steel Chess Tournament is an annual chess tournament held in January in Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands. It was called the Hoogovens Tournament from its creation in 1938 until the sponsor Koninklijke Hoogovens merged with British Steel to form the Corus Group in 1999, after which the tournament was called the Corus Chess Tournament. Corus Group became Tata Steel Europe in 2007. Despite the name changes, the series is numbered sequentially from its Hoogovens beginnings; for example, the 2011 event was referred to as the 73rd Tata Steel Chess Tournament.
Joop van Oosterom was a Dutch billionaire, chess and billiards sponsor, and twice correspondence chess world champion. His fortune, made with the Volmac Software Group, was estimated by Dutch financial magazine Quote at €1.1 billion at the time of his death.
Lubomir (Lubosh) Kavalek was a Czech-American chess player. He was awarded both the International Master and International Grandmaster titles by FIDE in 1965. He won two Czechoslovak and three U.S. championships, and was ranked as the world's No. 10 player in 1974. He was inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame in 2001. Kavalek was also a chess coach, organizer, teacher, commentator, author and award-winning columnist.
Sergey Viktorovich Dolmatov is a Russian Grandmaster of chess and former World Junior Chess Champion.
Moshe Czerniak was a Polish-Israeli chess player. He was awarded the title of International Master (IM) by FIDE in 1952.
Vladimir Borisovich Tukmakov is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster. He gained the Grandmaster title in 1972.
Klaus Viktor Darga is a German chess grandmaster.
Lodewijk Prins was a Dutch chess player and referee of chess competitions.
Fenny Heemskerk was a Dutch chess player.
Hiong Liong Tan, a.k.a. Tan Hoan Liong or H.L Tan was an Indonesian–Dutch chess player. He was the first Indonesian and one of the first Asian chess players to hold the International Master title.
Below is a list of events in chess in 1994, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.
This article documents the progress of significant human–computer chess matches.
Krunoslav Hulak was a Yugoslav and later Croatian chess grandmaster. He was awarded the International Master title in 1974, and the grandmaster title in 1976 by FIDE.
The Max Euwe Memorial Tournament was an annual international invitation chess tournament played in honour of Max Euwe (1901–1981) from 1987 to 1996. It was played in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. In 1976, while Euwe was still alive, a jubilee tournament was held which can be seen as a prequel of the series.
FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and norms. Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of fraud or cheating. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers. Titles for correspondence chess, chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE.
Robin van Kampen is a Dutch chess grandmaster. At the age of 14, he won the Dutch U20 Championship. He achieved his grandmaster (GM) title at the age of 16 years, 8 months and 17 days. Van Kampen has represented the Netherlands at the 2013 European Team Chess Championship, and at the 41st and 42nd Chess Olympiad. Van Kampen is a research analyst at Caption Partners in New York as of July 2020.
Christian Langeweg (Netherlands)
Moshe Czerniak (Israel)
Hiong Liong Tan (Indonesia)
Lajos Portisch (Hungary)
Bent Larsen (Denmark)
Mikhail Botvinnik (USSR)
Lubomir Kavalek (Czechoslovakia)
Albin Planinc (Yugoslavia)
Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland)
Tony Miles (England)
