Iliamna Lake

Last updated • 3 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Iliamna Lake
Iliamna Lake by Sentinel-2.jpg
Satellite image of Iliamna Lake
Relief map of USA Alaska.png
Red pog.svg
Iliamna Lake
North America laea relief location map with borders.jpg
Red pog.svg
Iliamna Lake
Location Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Coordinates 59°32′12″N155°01′28″W / 59.53667°N 155.02444°W / 59.53667; -155.02444 [1]
Lake type oligotrophic
Primary inflows Newhalen River, Iliamna River, Pile River, Copper River
Primary outflows Kvichak River
Basin  countriesUnited States
Max. length77 mi (124 km) [2]
Max. width22 mi (35 km) [2]
Surface area 1,012.5 sq mi (2,622 km2) [2]
Average depth144 ft (44 m) [2]
Max. depth988 ft (301 m) [2]
Water volume 115.5 km3 (27.7 cu mi) [2]
Residence time 7.8 years [2]
Surface elevation46 ft (14 m) [1]
Settlements Iliamna, Newhalen, Kokhanok, Pedro Bay, Igiugig
References [1] [2]

Iliamna Lake or Lake Iliamna ( /ˌɪliˈæmnə/ IL-ee-AM-nə; [3] Yup'ik : Nanvarpak; Dena'ina Athabascan : Nila Vena) is a lake in southwest Alaska, at the north end of the Alaska Peninsula, between Kvichak Bay and Cook Inlet, about 100 miles (160 km) west of Seldovia, Alaska. [1] It shares a name with the Iliamna River, which flows into it, and the nearby community of Iliamna, Alaska.

Contents

It is the largest lake in Alaska, 7th largest lake in the United States, and twenty-fourth in North America. Covering about 2,600 km2 (1,000 sq mi), Iliamna Lake is 77 miles (124 km) long and up to 22 miles (35 km) wide, with a maximum depth of 988 feet (301 m). Through the Kvichak River, its waters drain into Bristol Bay. [4]

History

Location of Iliamna in Alaska AKMap-doton-Newhalen.PNG
Location of Iliamna in Alaska

Name

The lake is marked as 'Oz[ero] Bol[shoy] Ilyamna' (Big Ilyamna Lake) on the Russian Hydrographical Department's Chart 1455, published in 1852. On an earlier Russian map, from 1802, the lake was named 'Oz[ero] Shelekhovo' (Lake Shelekov) after Russian explorer Grigory Shelekhov. According to G.C. Martin, of the United States Geological Survey, Iliamna is said to be "the name of a mythical great blackfish supposed to inhabit this lake, which bites holes in the bidarkas of bad natives." [1]

Men pose by the lake with their reindeer, 1917 Eskimos with reindeer, Iliamna Lake, Alaska, July 26, 1917 (COBB 138).jpeg
Men pose by the lake with their reindeer, 1917

The name Iliamna is derived from the Inland Dena'ina Athabascan name Nila Vena, which means "island's lake". [5]

Economy

Williamsport-Pile Bay Road portage

Originally constructed by the Alaska Road Commission during the mid 1930s, the Williamsport-Pile Bay Road is a utility-class road maintained by the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities. Connecting Pile Bay on the lake's northeast side with Williamsport, a tiny settlement on the Iliamna Bay of Cook Inlet (about 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Homer), the road is 15.5 miles (24.9 km) long and one lane wide with four bridges. The Williamsport-Pile Bay Road is maintained as a gravel utility road for the purpose of hauling boats and freight, and is not intended for general purpose use. The road allows boats small enough to be hauled across the road's bridges an opportunity to portage from Cook Inlet to Bristol Bay, saving a trip on the open ocean which involves traveling around the Alaska Peninsula. For this and other reasons, the road is also believed to significantly reduce fuel costs for the Lake Iliamna and Bristol Bay regions.

Populated places

The villages of Iliamna, Newhalen, Kokhanok, Pedro Bay, Pope-Vannoy Landing and Igiugig lie on the shores of Iliamna Lake.

Flora and fauna

Iliamna Lake is noted for its sport fishing. The three primary targets of anglers in the lake are trout, salmon, and grayling. August through September is prime time for catching fat rainbow trout, some of which exceed 28 inches long. The Kvichak River Policy (the drainage of Lake Iliamna) is catch and release on trout (and all other native fish), but not on salmon. Sockeye (red) and Chinook (king) salmon are consistently found in the lake and are open to harvest under Alaska Department of Fish and Game Regulations. Lake Iliamna also has one of few populations of freshwater seals in the world. [6] It also serves as a nursery for the largest red salmon run in the world. Red salmon spend half of their 5-year lifespan in fresh water. This is longer than any other species of salmon.

Monster Legend

Local residents have a number of stories about the alleged Iliamna Lake Monster, an unknown aquatic creature. [7] Speculation exists that reported sightings may be of an undocumented population of white sturgeon. If true, this would be the most northerly population known to exist, just a few hundred miles from the Arctic Circle. Jeremy Wade, presenter of Animal Planet's River Monsters, is among those who speculate these sightings of a reputed "monster" are of a white sturgeon. Others believe that it is a Pacific sleeper shark. Proponents of this theory point to a 2012 YouTube video that shows a smaller Pacific sleeper shark in King Cove Lagoon, King Cove, Alaska. [8] There were several new supposed sightings in 2017. The Anchorage Daily News once offered a prize of $100,000 for concrete proof of its existence.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenai Peninsula</span> Large peninsula in south central Alaska, United States

The Kenai Peninsula is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina, who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Clark National Park and Preserve</span> National park in Alaska, United States

Lake Clark National Park and Preserve is a United States national park and preserve in southwest Alaska, about 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Anchorage. The park was first proclaimed a national monument in 1978, then established as a national park and preserve in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. The park includes many streams and lakes vital to the Bristol Bay salmon fishery, including its namesake Lake Clark. A wide variety of recreational activities may be pursued in the park and preserve year-round. The park protects rainforests along the coastline of Cook Inlet, alpine tundra, glaciers, glacial lakes, major salmon-bearing rivers, and two volcanoes, Mount Redoubt and Mount Iliamna. Mount Redoubt is active, erupting in 1989 and 2009. The wide variety of ecosystems in the park mean that virtually all major Alaskan animals, terrestrial and marine, may be seen in and around the park. Salmon, particularly sockeye salmon, play a major role in the ecosystem and the local economy. Large populations of brown bears are attracted to feed on the spawning salmon in the Kijik River and at Silver Salmon Creek. Bear watching is a common activity in the park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenai River</span> River in Alaska

The Kenai River called Kahtnu in the Dena'ina language, is the longest river in the Kenai Peninsula of southcentral Alaska. It runs 82 miles (132 km) westward from Kenai Lake in the Kenai Mountains, through the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and Skilak Lake to its outlet into the Cook Inlet of the Pacific Ocean near Kenai and Soldotna.

The Swanson River (Dena'ina: Yaghetnu) is a stream, 40 miles (64 km) long, on the Kenai Peninsula of south-central Alaska in the United States. Beginning at Gene Lake in the Swanson Lakes district, it flows southwest then north to Number Three Bay on the Gompertz Channel of Cook Inlet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol Bay</span> Bay near southwest Alaska

Bristol Bay is the easternmost arm of the Bering Sea, at 57° to 59° North 157° to 162° West in Southwest Alaska. Bristol Bay is 400 km (250 mi) long and 290 km (180 mi) wide at its mouth. A number of rivers flow into the bay, including the Cinder, Egegik, Igushik, Kvichak, Meshik, Nushagak, Naknek, Togiak, and Ugashik.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nushagak River</span> River in Alaska, USA

The Nushagak River is a river in southwest Alaska, United States. It begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest 450 km (280 mi) to Nushagak Bay, an inlet of Bristol Bay, east of Dillingham, Alaska.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kvichak River</span> Navigable river in southwest Alaska

The Kvichak River is a large river, about 50 miles (80 km) long, in southwestern Alaska in the United States. It flows southwest from Lake Iliamna to Kvichak Bay, an arm of Bristol Bay, on the Alaska Peninsula. The communities of Igiugig and Levelock lie along the Kvichak River. The Kvichak is navigable along its entire length, and is used as a short cut by boats getting between Cook Inlet and Bristol Bay via the Lake Iliamna portage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naknek River</span> River in Alaska, United States

Naknek River is a stream, 35 miles (56 km) long, in the Bristol Bay Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It flows west from Naknek Lake to empty into Kvichak Bay, an arm of Bristol Bay. The river and lake are both known for their sockeye and other salmon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naknek Lake</span> Lake in the state of Alaska, United States

Naknek Lake is a lake in southern Alaska, near the base of the Alaska Peninsula. Located in Katmai National Park and Preserve, the lake is 40 miles (64 km) long and three to eight miles wide, the largest lake in the park. The lake drains west into Bristol Bay through the Naknek River. The elevation of the lake has lowered over the past 5,000 years as it has cut through a glacial moraine, separating Naknek Lake and Brooks Lake and creating Brooks Falls about 3500 years ago.

The Newhalen River is a 22-mile (35 km) stream in the Lake and Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. Beginning at Six Mile Lake, the Newhalen flows south to enter Iliamna Lake about 3 miles (5 km) south of Iliamna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Clark (Alaska)</span> Lake in the state of Alaska, United States

Lake Clark is a lake in southwest Alaska. It drains through Six Mile Lake and the Newhalen River into Iliamna Lake. The lake is about 64 km (40 mi) long and about 8 km (5.0 mi) wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alagnak River</span> River in Alaska, United States

The Alagnak River is a 64-mile (103 km) tributary of the Kvichak River in the U.S. state of Alaska. It has a catchment area of approximately 1400 square mi (3600 km2). It is located in central Lake and Peninsula Borough.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denaʼina</span> Ethnic group

The Denaʼina, or formerly Tanaina, are an Alaska Native Athabaskan people. They are the original inhabitants of the south central Alaska region ranging from Seldovia in the south to Chickaloon in the northeast, Talkeetna in the north, Lime Village in the northwest and Pedro Bay in the southwest. The Denaʼina homeland is more than 41,000 sq mi (110,000 km2) in area. They arrived in the south-central Alaska sometime between 1,000 and 1,500 years ago. They were the only Alaskan Athabaskan group to live on the coast. The Denaʼina have a hunter-gatherer culture and a matrilineal system. The Iditarod Trail's antecedents were the native trails of the Denaʼina and Deg Hitʼan Athabaskan Native Alaskans and the Inupiaq Inuit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chilkoot Lake</span> Lake in Alaska, United States

The Chilkoot Lake, in the Tlingit Indians region of Alaska, is also spelt Chilcoot Lake. Its other local names are the Akha Lake and Tschilkut S(ee), meaning "Chilkoot Lake". It is in Haines Borough, Alaska. Chilkoot also means "big fish". The lake has a ‘Recreation Site’ at its southern end near the outlet to the Chilkoot River, which is set amidst the Sitka spruce trees. Chilkoot River flows from the lake for a short length and debouches into the Lutak Channel at the head of the Chilkoot inlet near Haines. Chilkoot village, a settlement of Chilkoot Indians existed at the outlet of the lake, which was called Tschilkut or Tananel or Chilcoot; the lake is named after this village. This village is now a camping area developed by the State Parks and Outdoor Recreation Division of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources. The lake is a popular location for Kayaking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southwest Alaska</span>

Southwest Alaska is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska. The area is not exactly defined by any governmental administrative region(s); nor does it always have a clear geographic boundary.

The Chakachatna River is a stream, 36 miles (58 km) long, in northwestern Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It flows from Chakachamna Lake southeastward into the McArthur River, which flows into the Gompertz Channel of Cook Inlet. The river mouth is about 3 miles (5 km) north of Trading Bay and 32 miles (51 km) northwest of Kenai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egegik River</span> River in Alaska, United States

The Egegik River is a waterway in the U.S. state of Alaska. A biological survey was conducted at the base of the Alaska Peninsula in 1902 by Wilfred Hudson Osgood, which included the Egegik River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pebble Mine</span> Undeveloped copper-gold-molybdenum mineral deposit in Alaska, United States

Pebble Mine is the common name of a proposed copper-gold-molybdenum mining project in the Bristol Bay region of Southwest Alaska, near Lake Iliamna and Lake Clark. It was discovered in 1987, optioned by Northern Dynasty Minerals in 2001, explored in 2002, and drilled from 2002-2013 with discovery in 2005. Preparing for the permitting process began and administrative review lasted over 13 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iliamna Bay</span>

Iliamna Bay is a bay along the southeastern coast of the Alaska Peninsula. It is below the Chigmit Mountains. Old Iliamna is miles away and the Iliamna River are north of it. Cottonwood Bay borders it to the west and Cook Inlet to the south. Augustine Volcano, an island, is south of it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iliamna River</span> River in Alaska, United States

The Iliamna River is a river in Alaska that flows into Iliamna Lake. Old Iliamna was located near the confluence. Guth's Lodge is located along the river. The Chigmit Mountains are to the northeast. The river is by Lonesome Point, Old Iliamna and Pile Bay Village.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Iliamna Lake
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathisen, Ole A.; Norma Jean Sands; Norma Haubenstock (July 2002). "Trophic ranking of biota in Iliamna Lake, Alaska" (PDF). Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 28. Stuttgart: 1060–1065. Retrieved 2008-11-13.[ dead link ]
  3. "Iliamna Lake - A Land Worth Preserving". YouTube. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. "Profile of the People and Land of the United States". US Department of Interior, National Atlas of the United States. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15.
  5. Kari, James; Russell Kari, Priscilla (1982). Dena'ina E\nena: Tanaina Country. Alaska Native Language Center. p. 17.
  6. "Resident Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska: Summer Diet and Partial Consumption of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)", Aquatic Mammals, July 2008.
  7. "Pride of Bristol Bay: Catching the Iliamna Lake Monster". 28 October 2020.
  8. "Fresh evidence that Alaska's Iliamna Lake monster is a Pacific sleeper shark? (+VIDEO)". 23 June 2012.