Indonesian Spelling System

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The Indonesian Spelling System (Indonesian : Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia, EBI), often referred to as the Indonesian Spelling System General Guidelines (Indonesian : Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia, PUEBI) is the spelling system used for the Indonesian language. It was formerly known as the Enhanced Spelling of the Indonesian Language (Indonesian : Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan, EYD). The system is an orthography released in 1972 to replace the Republican Spelling System (RSS, also called the Soewandi Spelling System, SSS). The aim of the change in 1972 was introduce greater harmonization of the Indonesian and Malay-language orthographies.

Contents

An joint initiative of Indonesia and neighboring country Malaysia (which also introduced the similar New Rumi Spelling system), the adoption of the new EYD system, to begin on the 27th anniversary of Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1972, was decreed by President Suharto on the previous day. [1] Government departments were instructed to begin using the EYD system on 1 January 1973. On 27 August 1975, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a decree which provided a detailed explanation of the changes proposed in the new system and marked the official use of EYD system. [2]

Changes

Various minor changes were announced after 1975:

Republican-to-EYD letter changes

ChangesRepublicanEYDEnglish meaning
//: tj becomes ctjuma, katjangcuma, kacangonly, peanuts
//: dj becomes jdjual, edjaanjual, ejaansell, spelling
/j/: j becomes yajam, pajungayam, payungchicken, umbrella
/ɲ/: nj becomes nynjonja, banjaknyonya, banyakmadam, many
/ʃ/: sj becomes sysjair, masjarakatsyair, masyarakatpoem, people
/x/: ch becomes khtarich, achirtarikh, akhirera, end

Foreign loan letters

Letters that had previously been included in the Republican Spelling as foreign loan letters are officially used in the EYD Spelling. [6]

LettersExampleEnglish meaning
fmaaf, fakir(I am) sorry, poor
vvaluta, universitascurrency, university
zzeni, lezatengineer, delicious

Q and X

The letters Q and X are used in scientific subjects. [6] Examples:

The letter Q is also used as needed for Islamic subjects. [7] [8] Examples:

Affixes and prepositions

The writing of di- and ke- (affixes) can be distinguished from di and ke (prepositions), where di- and ke- are written together with the words that follow it, for example diambil, kehendak (is being taken, desire), while di and ke are written separately with the words that follow it, for example di rumah, ke pasar (at home, to the market). This is different from the former Republican Spelling, where both di- and di are written together with the words following it. [6]

Reduplication

Reduplication, mostly used in plural form of words, has to be fully written with letters, so the use of the number "2" as used in the Republican Spelling is no longer valid. [6] The practice remains common in informal usage such as in text messaging.

RepublicanEYDEnglish meaning
anak²anak-anakchildren
ber-main²bermain-mainto play around
ke-barat²-ankebarat-baratanwesternized

See also

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References

  1. "Keputusan Presiden No. 57 Tahun 1972 tentang Peresmian Berlakunya "Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan"". Presidential Decree No. 57 of 1972 (PDF) (in Indonesian). President of Indonesia.
  2. "Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI Nomor: 0196/U/1975 tentang Peresmian Berlakunya "Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan" dan "Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah" di Seluruh Indonesia" [General Guidelines for the Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System]. Ministerial Decree No. 0196/U/1975 of 1975 (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture.
  3. "Kepmendikbud RI No. 0543a/u/1987 Tentang Penyempurnaan Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan". Ministerial Decree No. 0543a/U/1987 of 1987 (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture.
  4. "Permendiknas No. 46 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan". Ministerial Decree No. 46 of 2009 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Minister of National Education.
  5. "Permendikbud Nomor 50 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia". Ministerial Decree No. 50 of 2015 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Tasai, S Amran and E. Zaenal Arifin (2000). Cermat Berbahasa Indonesia: Untuk Perguruan Tinggi.
  7. "2. QS. Al-Baqarah (Sapi Betina)". Sindonews. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  8. "25. QS. Al-Furqan (Pembeda)". Sindonews. Retrieved 22 September 2021.