Formation | 1996 |
---|---|
Type | Trade association |
Legal status | Nonprofit |
Headquarters | New York City, U.S. |
Region served | Global |
Membership | 600+ [1] |
Leader | David Cohen [2] |
Website | www.iab.com |
The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) is an American advertising business organization that develops industry standards, conducts research, and provides legal support for the online advertising industry. The organization represents many of the most prominent media outlets globally, but mostly in the United States, Canada and Europe.
The IAB Global Network is made up of 42 international licensee organizations around the world. IAB Europe is a coalition of 27 national IABs across Europe, and over 500 companies. The IAB publishes Mediascope Europe annually, a media consumption study based on over 50,000 consumer interviews. [3]
The IAB's organizational model includes four areas: IAB (New Membership Criteria), IAB Education Foundation, IAB Technology Lab and Trustworthy Accountability Group. The Trustworthy Accountability Group is industry-owned whereas the rest are owned by IAB. Display ads are subject to standards established by the IAB. [4]
Founded in 1996, the IAB is based in New York City. David Cohen is the chief executive officer (CEO) of the organization. [5]
It has developed a number of interface formats for digital advertising metadata, including the Video Ad Serving Template and Video Player-Ad Interface Definition formats. On February 26, 2012, IAB released IAB Standard Ad Unit Portfolio, [6] that included detailed information on all display advertising formats.
In June 2011, the IAB, in partnership with the ANA Association of National Advertisers and the 4A's American Association of Advertising Agencies released the Guiding Principles of Digital Measurement. These five principles became the foundation of "Making Measurement Make Sense" (3MS) [7] and created a basis for the advance of viewability metric. [8] [9] The collaboration between ANA, 4A's, and IAB also resulted in the creation of Trustworthy Accountability Group an initiative that includes members GroupM Interaction, AppNexus, engage:BDR, GumGum and OpenX. [10] [11]
On May 31, 2012, IAB criticized Microsoft for enabling Do Not Track by default in Internet Explorer 10. [12] One of the main criticisms of IAB's response is that tracking should be opt in, not opt out. [13]
On March 12, 2013, [14] IAB launched a campaign against Mozilla for planning to turn on blocking of third party HTTP cookies in version 22 of Firefox. [15] In July 2013 IAB CEO Randall Rothenberg described Mozilla as "mob rule" and personally attacked specific Mozilla developers for their position on privacy. [16] The campaign has received significant criticism from online privacy advocates. [17] [18] [19]
In January 2016, IAB did not allow the developers of Adblock Plus to attend their event, and refunded the money that Adblock Plus paid. The IAB did not disclose why they did not allow Adblock Plus to attend. [20] [21] [22] [23] In May 2016, Business Insider reported that the IAB leader had, in January, described Adblock Plus as an "unethical, immoral, mendacious coven of tech wannabes" and an "old-fashioned extortion racket." [24]
In June 2017, IAB finalized its specification for the initial version of an ads.txt
standard for publishers to list authorized sellers. [25]
In February 2020, IAB formed an industry-wide consortium under 'Project Rearc' to find a solution to third-party cookies being blocked. [26]
In November 2017, IAB Europe announced Archived April 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine a technical framework (IAB Europe Transparency and Consent framework, or TCF) intended to “enable websites, advertisers and their ad technology partners” to obtain, record and update consumer consent for their personal data to be processed in line with the upcoming General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). [27] [28] Actors can join the TCF through paying a membership fee to IAB Europe, and tailor their data usage purposes and organisational data processing policies to the wording and specifications in the framework laid out in the technical standards and the policy terms and conditions agreed with IAB Europe, initially made available to the public in March 2018. Actors who are members of the TCF are listed in the regularly-updated Global Vendor List published by IAB Europe, which is used by all vendors to know which other organisations are technically and contractually bound by the TCF, and to give vendors common ways to refer to each other the standardised Transparency and Consent String that is sent as metadata between actors in the online advertising industry. [29]
In 2019, 12 complaints were filed by NGOs across Europe, including the Panoptykon Foundation, Bits of Freedom, Ligue des droits de l'homme and the Irish Council for Civil Liberties, against IAB Europe in relation to a range of breaches of the GDPR concerning the Transparency and Consent Framework. [30]
In February 2022, the Belgian Data Protection Authority released a ruling, approved by the European Data Protection Board and triggered by the complaints above, relating to the data protection compliance of the Transparency and Consent Framework. It found multiple failings of the IAB Europe, fining it 250,000 EUR, and demanding it change a range of aspects of the system to ensure that, among other requirements, consent signals were valid and adhere to, and prohibiting the use of certain legal bases by its members. [31] Academic commentators have argued that aspects of this decision point to aspects of online advertising that will be structurally difficult or impossible for the TCF alone to fix, even if it does alter, instead requiring fundamental changes in the underlying real-time bidding system. [32] IAB Europe states it intends to appeal this ruling. [33] The Dutch Data Protection Authority shortly after announced separately from the Belgian Data Protection Authority that Dutch agencies should stop using the system provided by IAB Europe. [34]
Adware, often called advertising-supported software by its developers, is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically generating online advertisements in the user interface of the software or on a screen presented to the user during the installation process. The software may generate two types of revenue: one is for the display of the advertisement and another on a "pay-per-click" basis, if the user clicks on the advertisement. Some advertisements also act as spyware, collecting and reporting data about the user, to be sold or used for targeted advertising or user profiling. The software may implement advertisements in a variety of ways, including a static box display, a banner display, a full screen, a video, a pop-up ad or in some other form. All forms of advertising carry health, ethical, privacy and security risks for users.
A web banner or banner ad is a form of advertising on the World Wide Web delivered by an ad server. This form of online advertising entails embedding an advertisement into a web page. It is intended to attract traffic to a website by linking to the website of the advertiser. In many cases, banners are delivered by a central ad server. This payback system is often how the content provider is able to pay for the Internet access to supply the content in the first place. Usually though, advertisers use ad networks to serve their advertisements, resulting in a revshare system and higher quality ad placement.
Ad blocking or ad filtering is a software capability for blocking or altering online advertising in a web browser, an application or a network. This may be done using browser extensions or other methods.
Online advertising, also known as online marketing, Internet advertising, digital advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising that uses the Internet to promote products and services to audiences and platform users. Online advertising includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising, and mobile advertising. Advertisements are increasingly being delivered via automated software systems operating across multiple websites, media services and platforms, known as programmatic advertising.
Adblock Plus (ABP) is a free and open-source browser extension for content-filtering and ad blocking. It is developed by Eyeo GmbH, a German software company. The extension has been released for Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Safari, Yandex Browser, and Android.
Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII), is any information related to an identifiable person.
Filterset.G was a third-party set of filters for ad filtering extensions such as Adblock Plus used with Firefox web browser. The filterset contained pre-made and regularly updated filters that removed ads from various ad providers.
NoScript is a free and open-source extension for Firefox- and Chromium-based web browsers, written and maintained by Giorgio Maone, a software developer and member of the Mozilla Security Group.
HTTP cookies are small blocks of data created by a web server while a user is browsing a website and placed on the user's computer or other device by the user's web browser. Cookies are placed on the device used to access a website, and more than one cookie may be placed on a user's device during a session.
Data portability is a concept to protect users from having their data stored in "silos" or "walled gardens" that are incompatible with one another, i.e. closed platforms, thus subjecting them to vendor lock-in and making the creation of data backups or moving accounts between services difficult.
Quantcast is an American technology company, founded in 2006, that specializes in AI-driven real-time advertising, audience insights and measurement. It has offices in the United States, Canada, Australia, Singapore, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden.
AdBlock is an ad-blocking browser extension for Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Firefox, Samsung Internet, and Microsoft Edge. AdBlock allows users to prevent page elements, such as advertisements, from being displayed. It is free to download and use, and it includes optional donations to the developers. The AdBlock extension was created on December 8, 2009, which is the day that supports for extensions was added to Google Chrome. It was one of the first Google Chrome extensions that were made.
Flattr was a Swedish-based microdonation subscription service, where subscribers opted in to pay a monthly patronage to help fund their favourite websites and creators. It shut down in November 2023.
Do Not Track (DNT) is a formerly official HTTP header field, designed to allow internet users to opt-out of tracking by websites—which includes the collection of data regarding a user's activity across multiple distinct contexts, and the retention, use, or sharing of data derived from that activity outside the context in which it occurred.
Real-time bidding (RTB) is a means by which advertising inventory is bought and sold on a per-impression basis, via instantaneous programmatic auction, similar to financial markets. With real-time bidding, advertising buyers bid on an impression and, if the bid is won, the buyer's ad is instantly displayed on the publisher's site. Real-time bidding lets advertisers manage and optimize ads from multiple ad-networks, allowing them to create and launch advertising campaigns, prioritize networks, and allocate percentages of unsold inventory, known as backfill.
The General Data Protection Regulation is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also governs the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA. The GDPR's goals are to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal information and to simplify the regulations for international business. It supersedes the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and, among other things, simplifies the terminology.
Stephan Noller is a German internet-entrepreneur, founder and CEO of the nugg.ad predictive behavioral targeting company, and former chairman of the IAB Europe Policy Committee.
Jonathan Mayer is an American computer scientist and lawyer. He is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Public Affairs at Princeton University affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy, and was previously a PhD student in computer science at Stanford University and a fellow at the Center for Internet and Society and the Center for International Security and Cooperation. During his graduate studies he was a consultant at the California Department of Justice.
NOYB – European Center for Digital Rights is a non-profit organization based in Vienna, Austria established in 2017 with a pan-European focus. Co-founded by Austrian lawyer and privacy activist Max Schrems, NOYB aims to launch strategic court cases and media initiatives in support of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the proposed ePrivacy Regulation, and information privacy in general. The organisation was established after a funding period during which it has raised annual donations of €250,000 by supporting members. Currently, NOYB is financed by more than 4,400 supporting members.
Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC) is a type of web tracking. It groups people into "cohorts" based on their browsing history for the purpose of interest-based advertising. FLoC was being developed as a part of Google's Privacy Sandbox initiative, which includes several other advertising-related technologies with bird-themed names. Despite "federated learning" in the name, FLoC does not utilize any federated learning.
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