International Congress of Entomology

Last updated
International Congress of Entomology
StatusActive
Genre Entomology conference
Frequency Quadrennial
Location(s)Varies
CountryVaries
Years active1910–present
InauguratedAugust 1, 1910;113 years ago (1910-08-01), Brussels, Belgium
Most recentXXVI Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 17-22 July, 2022
Next eventXXVII Congress Kyoto, Japan, 25-30 August, 2024
ActivityActive
Website www.icecouncil.org

The International Congress of Entomology (ICE) is the largest in-person conference for the science of entomology. [1] It generally meets every 4 years, and has been held in locations around the world since 1910. Initially conferences were organized by entomologists from each host country. Since 1988 the conference has been organized by the Council for International Congresses of Entomology, with development of the scientific programs primarily by entomologists from the host country. [2]

Contents

History

The first International Congress of Entomology took place in Brussels, Belgium in 1910, in large part due to the leadership of Karl Jordan of Tring, Hertfordshire. Jordan organized a series of preliminary meetings under the chairmanship of the president of the Entomological Society of London, Frederick Augustus Dixey, attracting leaders in the field including Walther Horn (Germany), Armand Janet (Paris), and Edward Bagnall Poulton (Oxford). The first Congress attracted 292 attendees from "all countries of the civilized world", who came from as far away as Alexandria, India, Montreal and Buenos Aires. Attendees determined that the second International Congress of Entomology would be held in Oxford in 1912, under the direction of E.B. Poulton. [3]

Attendees, Second International Congress of Entomology, Oxford, 1912 2nd International congress of entomology, Oxford, August, 1912 (1913-14) (16663395062).jpg
Attendees, Second International Congress of Entomology, Oxford, 1912

The 3rd Congress was intended to be held in Vienna, Austria in 1915, but World War I intervened. The 3rd Congress did not occur until 1925, when it was held in Zurich, Switzerland, under the direction of Anton Schulthess-Rechberg. Although Switzerland was known for its neutrality, there was a conspicuous absence of attendees from France, Italy, Belgium, and Russia, which may have reflected either lingering ill feeling or post-war monetary difficulties. The turnout of American entomologists was also low. [4] [5] [6]

Perhaps surprisingly, the Congress accepted a proposal from Leland Ossian Howard that the next Congress be held in the United States of America. The 4th Congress was held at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, in 1928. William Jacob Holland from the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh obtained funding from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to support travel for attendees from other countries, and over 600 visitors representing 39 countries attended the event. A number of the attendees were women, although they were generally listed as associates or guests. Nonetheless, the program included a luncheon for “visiting women actively engaged in entomological work", which was sponsored by Sigma Delta Epsilon, the Graduate Women’s Scientific Fraternity. [4] [7] [8]

The 5th Congress was held in Paris, France, to honor the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Société entomologique de France. [4] The president of the Congress was Paul Marchal. [9]

The 6th International Congress of Entomology was held at Madrid, Spain in 1935, under the leadership of Ignacio Bolivar y Urrutia. The opening session was chaired by the President of the Spanish Republic [10] The 6th Congress' proceedings did not appear until 1940, following the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. The proceedings do not include contributions from a number of Spanish entomologists were associated with the Second Spanish Republic, the government which lost power in 1939. [11]

Attendees, Sixth International Congress of Entomology, Madrid, 1935 Asistentes al VI Congreso Internacional de Entomologia (1935).jpg
Attendees, Sixth International Congress of Entomology, Madrid, 1935

The 7th Congress was held in Berlin, Germany, in 1938, with over 500 attendees from 50 countries. The president of the Congress was Erich Martini of Hamburg, Hermann Göring was listed as a patron of the Congress and a congratulatory telegram from Adolf Hitler was read at the opening ceremonies. The 8th Congress, planned for Stockholm in 1941, was delayed until 1948, due to World War II. [12]

The XXVI International Congress of Entomology was to be held in Helsinki, Finland in July 2020 but was delayed to July 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2024 Congress is planned to be held in Japan. [2] The pandemic has had a substantial impact on entomologists and their research. [13]

Locations

A majority of the congresses have been held in Europe. Congresses have been held in the United States (Ithaca, NY, 1928; Washington, DC, 1976; [1] Orlando, FL 2016) and Canada (Montreal, Quebec 1958; Vancouver, B.C. 1988). Congress were held in the southern hemisphere in Canberra, Australia (1972), [2] Iguazu Falls, Brazil (2000), [1] Brisbane, Australia (2004), and Durban, South Africa (2008). Congresses were held in Asia in Kyoto, Japan (1980); Beijing, China (1992) [14] [2] and Daegu, South Korea (2012). [1]

List of Congresses

Organization

Initially, congresses were proposed and organized by volunteers from various countries. The 1988 congress in Vancouver, Canada, was the last to be largely organized by volunteers. Since 1988, congresses have been organized through the work of the Council for International Congresses of Entomology. [2] The Council is a group of 23 scientists from national entomological societies from geographic regions around the world. [16] The scientific program for each conference continues to be developed mainly by entomologists from the host country. [2]

Related Research Articles

The Entomological Society of America (ESA) was founded in 1889 and today has more than 7,000 members, including educators, extension personnel, consultants, students, researchers, and scientists from agricultural departments, health agencies, private industries, colleges and universities, and state and federal governments. It serves the professional and scientific needs of entomologists and people in related disciplines. To facilitate communication among members, the ESA is divided into four sections based on entomological interests, and six branches, based on geographic proximity. The national office is located in Annapolis, Maryland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)</span> German entomologist

Heinrich Ernst Karl Jordan was a German-British entomologist. He took a special interest in the taxonomy and classification of butterflies, beetles and fleas. Jordan was a founder of the International Congress of Entomology.

<i>Anophthalmus hitleri</i> Species of beetle

Anophthalmus hitleri is a species of blind cave beetle found only in about fifteen humid caves in Slovenia. The name of the beetle is named after Adolph Hitler, the infamous former German leader. The blind cave beetle shares its genus with 41 other species and 95 different subspecies. Members of its subfamily (Trechinae) are, like most Carabidae, predatory, so the adults and larvae of A. hitleri are presumed to be predators on smaller cave inhabitants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acrolophinae</span> Moth family containing the burrowing webworm moths

Acrolophinae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera. The subfamily comprises the burrowing webworm moths and tube moths and holds about 300 species in five genera, which occur in the wild only in the New World. It is closely related to the Tineidae family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">May Berenbaum</span> American entomologist

May Roberta Berenbaum is an American entomologist whose research focuses on the chemical interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants, and the implications of these interactions on the organization of natural communities and the evolution of species. She is particularly interested in nectar, plant phytochemicals, honey and bees, and her research has important implications for beekeeping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walther Horn</span> German entomologist (1871–1939)

Walther Hermann Richard Horn was a German physician and entomologist who specialised in beetles (Coleoptera), particularly the tiger beetles. He became the founding director of the German entomological institute where he collaborated with entomologists around the world. He is not to be confused with the American entomologist George Henry Horn who also studied Coleoptera.

<i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> Academic journal

The Annual Review of Entomology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about entomology, the study of insects. First published in 1956 from a collaboration between the Entomological Society of America and Annual Reviews, its longest-serving editors are Thomas E. Mittler (1967–1997) and May Berenbaum (1998–2018). As of 2023, Annual Review of Entomology is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. Also as of 2023, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2022 impact factor of 23.8, ranking it first of 100 journals in the category "Entomology".

Eutachyptera is a monotypic moth genus in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1912. Its single species, Eutachyptera psidii, was first described by Sallé in 1857. It is found in Mexico.

BugGuide is a website and online community of naturalists, both amateur and professional, who share observations of arthropods such as insects, spiders, and other related creatures. The website consists of informational guide pages and many thousands of photographs of arthropods from the United States and Canada which are used for identification and research. The non-commercial site is hosted by the Iowa State University Department of Entomology. BugGuide was conceived by photographer Troy Bartlett in 2003 and since 2006 has been maintained by John VanDyk, an adjunct assistant professor of entomology and a senior systems analyst at Iowa State University. The website has been recognized for helping change the public perception of insects.

<i>Mino</i> (straw cape) Traditional Japanese straw raincoat

A mino (蓑) is a traditional Japanese raincoat made out of straw. Traditional mino are an article of outerwear covering the entire body, although shorter ones resembling grass skirts were also historically used to cover the lower body alone. Similar straw capes were also used in China, Vietnam and Korea.

The Lorquin Entomological Society is a century-old association of professional and amateur entomologists, biologists and naturalists that meet regularly to study and promote entomology and natural history, especially about wildlife in and near Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Leal</span> Brazilian entomologist (born 1954)

Walter Soares Leal is a Brazilian biochemist and entomologist who is known for identifying pheromones and mosquito attractants, and elucidating a mechanism of action of the insect repellent DEET.

Lonnie Nathaniel Standifer (1926–1996) was an entomologist born in Itasca, Texas. An expert in honey bee physiology and nutrition, in 1970 he became the first African-American scientist to be appointed director of the USDA's Carl Hayden Bee Research Center.

<i>Aha</i> (wasp) Genus of wasps

Aha is a genus of wasp. As of 2017, it consists of two species: A. ha, and A. evansi, and is endemic to Australia. The American entomologist Arnold S. Menke named and circumscribed the genus in 1977 for his newly-described species A. ha and A. evansi.

William Robert Horsfall was an American entomologist who was a professor of medical entomology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a specialist on mosquitoes particularly in the genus Aedes.

Stanley Dwight Beck was an American entomologist who specialized in insect physiology and host plant resistance. He became a university researcher after a stint in the navy during World War II. Paralyzed by polio and reliant on a wheelchair from 1952 he continued his research. He worked on insect photoperiodism and wrote two major books Animal Photoperiodism (1963) and Insect Photoperiodism (1968). Among his contributions was the successful development of artificial diets for lepidopteran larvae which enabled controlled laboratory experimentation and research on several pest species. After his retirement he published Two in the Game, a novel.

Carroll Newton Smith was an American entomologist who worked for the United States Department of Agriculture from 1934–1969, primarily researching insects relevant to human health. He was co-editor of the Annual Review of Entomology from 1972–1977.

James Alexander Slater (1920–2008) was an American zoologist and educator who served as Professor of Entomology at the University of Connecticut from 1953 to 1988. An internationally recognized expert in heteroptera who also studied birds and reptiles, Slater served as the Connecticut State Ornithologist and published a monograph on his research into Connecticut's historical headstones.

Li Liying is a research fellow at the Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Sciences. She has developed pest control techniques that are used to treat millions of hectares of crops and forests worldwide. She has published more than 110 papers and 9 books.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simon Snyder Rathvon</span> American entomologist (1812–1891)

Simon Snyder Rathvon (1812–1891) was an American entomologist. He specialized in economic and agricultural entomology.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Simmons, Alvin M; Leal, Walter S (8 March 2018). "Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Entomology: The ICE 2016 Journey". American Entomologist. 64 (1): 32–43. doi: 10.1093/ae/tmy008 . hdl: 11572/382549 . ISSN   1046-2821 . Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Whitten, Max. "A Brief History of International Congresses of Entomology". International Congress of Entomology Council. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  3. ↑ "The First International Congress of Entomology" (PDF). Nature. 84 (2129): 214–215. 18 August 1910. Bibcode:1910Natur..84..214.. doi:10.1038/084214a0. ISSN   1476-4687. S2CID   3962591 . Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 Berenbaum, May R. (1 September 2016). "How ICE Came to America (The First Time)". American Entomologist. 62 (3): 163–171. doi: 10.1093/ae/tmw061 . ISSN   1046-2821.
  5. ↑ Howard, L. O. (1 March 1926). "The Third International Congress for Entomology". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 19 (1): 115–118. doi:10.1093/aesa/19.1.115. ISSN   0013-8746 . Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  6. ↑ Hose, Charles; Munro, J. W. (1925). "International Congress of Entomology". Empire Forestry Journal. 4 (2): 274–278. ISSN   2054-7447. JSTOR   42591462 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  7. ↑ Herrick, G. W. (14 September 1928). "The Fourth International Congress of Entomology". Science. 68 (1759): 237–244. Bibcode:1928Sci....68..237H. doi:10.1126/science.68.1759.237. PMID   17837789 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  8. ↑ Smith, E H (1 January 1976). "The Comstocks and Cornell: In the People's Service". Annual Review of Entomology. 21 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.21.010176.000245. ISSN   0066-4170.
  9. ↑ Fisher, R. C. (1932). "The Fifth International Congress of Entomology Paris, July, 1932". Empire Forestry Journal. 11 (2): 247–249. ISSN   2054-7447. JSTOR   42595824 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  10. ↑ "Sixth International Congress of Entomology". Nature. 136 (3444): 728–729. 1 November 1935. Bibcode:1935Natur.136R.728.. doi: 10.1038/136728b0 . ISSN   1476-4687. S2CID   4132276.
  11. ↑ Albaladejo, C. Martín; Vivar, F. Carmona (1 October 2021). "Sixth International Congress of Entomology, Madrid (1935): politics and science". Archives of Natural History. 48 (2): 281–297. doi:10.3366/anh.2021.0722. ISSN   0260-9541. S2CID   244933001 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  12. ↑ Berenbaum, May (1 July 2010). "ICE Breakers". American Entomologist. 56 (3): 132–185. doi: 10.1093/ae/56.3.132 . ISSN   1046-2821.
  13. ↑ Berenbaum, May (2020). "Entomology in the Time of COVID-19". American Entomologist. 66 (2): 10–13. doi:10.1093/ae/tmaa029. ISSN   1046-2821. PMC   7337698 .
  14. ↑ Chiang), Huaizhang Jiang (H C.; Chu), Hongfu Zhu (Hongfu (1995). "The Xix International Congress of Entomology, Beijing, China, 1992 — Reflecting the Current Status of Entomological Programs in China". Insect Science. 2 (3): 282–290. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1995.tb00049.x. ISSN   1744-7917. S2CID   221815597 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  15. ↑ "Past congresses". International Congress of Entomology Council. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  16. ↑ "What is the Council & ICE". International Congress of Entomology Council. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
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