JSAT (satellite constellation)

Last updated

The JSAT constellation is a communication and broadcasting satellite constellation formerly operated by JSAT Corporation and currently by SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It has become the most important commercial constellation in Japan, and fifth in the world. It has practically amalgamated all private satellite operators in Japan, with only B-SAT left as a local competitor. [1] [ non-primary source needed ]

Contents

JSAT began in 1985, with the opening by the Government of Japan, of the communication markets in Japan and the founding of Japan Communications Satellite Company, Satellite Japan Corporation, Space Communications Corporation. It grew by own investment, mergers and acquisitions of the parent companies. As of August 2016, it includes the fleets of three previously mentioned companies, Horizons Satellite and NTT DoCoMo and the DSN military network. [1]

Constellations

SKY Perfect JSAT Group has gone through some significant mergers and acquisition and the JSAT constellation has grown accordingly. It has practically amalgamated all private satellite operators in Japan, with only B-SAT left as a competitor. Since these mergers were the result of the opening of the communication markets in Japan, that growth does not mean that it has monopolised the segment, but rather is the go-to company for space segment operation. [1]

During its history, the JSAT network has absorbed a series of fleets and constellations. Some are core constellations, some are operation for third parties and some are joint ventures. As of August 2016, the current configuration of the JSAT fleet is this: [2]

JCSAT

With the opening of the Japanese satellite communications market to private investment, Japan Communications Satellite Company (JCSAT) and Satellite Japan Corporation were founded in 1985. [1] [3] In June of the same year, JCSAT awarded an order to Hughes Space and Communications for two identical satellites, JCSAT-1 and JCSAT-2, based on the spin-stabilized HS-393 satellite bus. [4] JCSAT-1, the first commercial Japanese communications satellite, was successfully launched aboard an Ariane-44LP on 6 March 1989. Its brother (JCSAT-2), was launched aboard a Commercial Titan III on 1 January 1990. [4]

On 1993, Japan Communications Satellite Company and Satellite Japan Corporation merged to form Japan Satellite Systems Inc. (JCSAT). [1] That same year, JCSAT ordered JCSAT-3, a third satellite from Hughes, using the HS-601 platform. [5] In 1995, JCSAT obtained a license for international service, and thus became a regional operator. [1] On 29 August 1995, an Atlas IIAS successfully launched JCSAT-3 into orbit. In December 1995, JCSAT ordered a fourth satellite, JCSAT-4, with the same manufacturer and platform as JCSAT-3. On 17 February 1997, JCSAT-4 was renamed JCSAT-R after being put in orbit by an Atlas IIAS. [5]

In June 1996, JCSAT ordered JCSAT-5, another HS-601-based satellite, and the twin JCSAT-6 in December 1996, from Hughes. [6]

By September 1997, both JCSAT and Space Communications Corporation (SCC) had requested the 110° East position. [7] The Japanese government made both companies share the 110° E position, and thus both made a joint order in November 1998 for N-SAT-110 from Lockheed Martin. [7] It was also called JCSAT-7 by JCSAT, and Superbird-5 by SCC. [8] On 2 December 1998, an Ariane-44P successfully orbited JCSAT-5, which became JCSAT-1B. JSAT-6 was rechristened as JCSAT-4A after successfully being injected in its transfer orbit by an Atlas IIAS on 16 February 1999. [6]

In 2000, the company name was changed to JSAT Corporation, and was listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. [1] In April of that year, JSAT ordered JCSAT-8 from Boeing Satellite Development Center (which had acquired the HS-601 business from Hughes), to replace JCSAT-2 at the 154° East slot. [9] N-SAT-110 was successfully launched on 6 October 2000 by an Ariane 42L, at which point it was renamed JCSAT 110 and Superbird-D. [8] [10]

An Ariane 44L successfully launched JCSAT-8 on 28 March 2002 from Centre Spatial Guyanais. Once successfully deployed, it was renamed JCSAT-2A. [9]

JSAT switched satellite suppliers again and, on 30 April 2003, awarded an order for JCSAT-9 to Lockheed Martin Space Systems and its A2100AXS platform. A hybrid satellite with 20 C-band, 20 Ku-band, and 1 S-band transponders, it was expected for launch in 2005 for the 132° East slot. [11] [12] A year later, on 20 April 2004, JSAT ordered a second satellite from Lockheed, JCSAT-10. Based on the A2100AX platform, it would have a C-band and Ku-band payload and was expected to occupy the 128° East slot after its planned 2006 launch. [13]

On 3 October 2005, JSAT ordered a third A2100-based satellite from Lockheed Martin, JCSAT-11. It would also have a C-band and Ku-band payload, and would be launched in 2007 to act as a backup for the whole JSAT fleet. [14]

During 2006, JSAT successfully launched two satellites. On 12 April 2006, a Zenit-3SL successfully orbited JCSAT-9 from a platform on the Pacific Ocean. JSAT had leased some transponders to NTT DoCoMo to be used as N-STAR d. [15] Once in its 132° East orbital position, it was known as JCSAT 5A and N-STAR d. Then, on 11 October 2006, an Ariane 5 ECA launched JCSAT-10 along Syracuse-3B into a transfer orbit. Upon successful deployment at 128° East longitude, it was renamed JCSAT-3A. [16]

On 1 May 2007, Intelsat put the order for the STAR-2-based Intelsat 15 satellite to Orbital Sciences. [17] In a business deal, five of its 22 Ku-band transponders were sold to JSAT. Under this arrangement, Intelsat-15 became JCSAT-85 for the JSAT payload, since it was to be positioned at the 85° E longitude. [18]

The almost 19-year streak of successful JCSAT launches was ended when a Proton-M/Briz-M failed to orbit JCSAT-11 on 5 September 2007. A damaged pyro firing cable on the interstage truss prevented the second stage from controlling its direction, and the rocket and its payload crashed into the Kazakhstan steppes. [19] Being lucky in misfortune, JCSAT-11 was simply an on-orbit backup and thus it had no operational impact on the fleet. [16] The same day of the launch failure, JSAT placed an order with Lockheed Martin for an identical replacement, JCSAT-12, for launch in 2009. [16]

On September 18, 2007, JSAT announced an agreement with B-SAT to jointly procure an hybrid broadcast and communication satellite. Thanks to a decision of the Japanese government that effectively lifted a ban on such mixed satellites, both companies would share a spacecraft to act as backup of JCSAT-110 on the 110°East slot. Named JCSAT-110R and BSAT-3c, it was to be launched in 2011, and it would be managed by B-SAT. [20] On September 19, 2007, they closed a deal with Arianespace for a launch slot with an Ariane 5 for its launch. [21] [22]

In March 2008, SCC became a wholly owned subsidiary of SKY Perfect JSAT Group. [23] [1] At the SKY Perfect JSAT board meeting of August 6, 2008, it was resolved to merge SKY Perfect Communications, JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation. [24] This consolidated the Superbird fleet into JSAT and created the fifth satellite operator in the world at the time. [1]

On December 15, 2008, JSAT and B-SAT placed a joint order with Lockheed for another A2100-based satellite. Designated JCSAT-110R by JSAT and BSAT-3c by B-SAT, it was to be launched by an Ariane 5 in the second quarter of 2011. The satellite would have two 12 Ku band payloads, one for each of the owners. [25] [26]

On April 16, 2009, JSAT made its seventh order for an A2100-based satellite from Lockheed, JCSAT-13. It would feature 44 Ku band transponders with two steerable antennas for on-orbit reconfiguration. It was to be launched in 2013 for the 124°East slot where it would replace JCSAT-4A. [27] The next day, April 17, Arianespace announced that they had secured the contract to launch JCSAT-13 on an Ariane 5 ECA. [28]

On August 21, 2009, an Ariane 5 ECA successfully orbited JCSAT-12 along with Optus D3. Upon reaching orbit, JCSAT-12 was renamed JCSAT-RA, which functions as an on-orbit backup. [16] On November 30 of the same year, a Zenit-3SLB successfully launched Intelsat-15/JCSAT-85. [18]

On August 6, 2011, JCSAT-110R/BSAT-3c and its launch companion Astra 1N were successfully put in orbit by an Ariane 5 ECA. [26] On May 15, 2012, again on an Ariane 5 ECA, JCSAT-13 and Vinasat-2 were launched into orbit. After the launch success, JCAST-13 was renamed JCSAT-4B. [29] After reaching the 124°East, it was commissioned into service on July 10, replacing JCSAT-4A. [30]

On June 11, 2013, SSL announced that it had been awarded a contract by JSAT to manufacture JCSAT-14. It would be a 10 kW satellite with 26 C band and 18 Ku band transponders with 15 years of expected life. It was scheduled for launch in 2015. [31] On January 10, 2014, JSAT announced that it had signed a launch service contract with SpaceX for the launch of JCSAT-14 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. The expected launch date was the second half of 2015. [32]

In April 2014, SSL announced that it had been awarded a contract by JSAT to manufacture two satellites: JCSAT-15, a 10-kW satellite to replace N-SAT-110 plus expansion capability, [33] and JCSAT-16, an 8.5-kW satellite with Ku band and Ka band payload to be used as a backup to the existing fleet. [33] On September 8, Arianespace announced that it had signed a launch service contract for the launch of JCSAT-15 aboard an Ariane 5 ECA rocket. [34] [35] And on September 10, 2014, JSAT announced that it had signed a second launch service contract with SpaceX for the launch of JCSAT-16 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. [36]

The June 28, 2015 failure of Falcon 9 Flight 19 meant a delay of at least six months on the Falcon 9 launches. [37] On February 3, 2016, Lockheed Martin announced that it had been awarded an order for JCSAT-17 for delivery in 2019. Because of its configurable S band payload, it would be able to redirect capacity to concentrate on disaster relief efforts or other high-volume events. [38]

On May 5, 2016, at 05:21 UTC, the Falcon 9 successfully launched JSCAT-14 to a geosynchronous transfer orbit. [37] The rocket's first stage subsequently landed on an autonomous spaceport drone ship. The next day, SSL announced that the satellite had deployed the solar arrays, was in full control, and was performing orbital maneuvers to reach its operational position. Renamed JCSAT-2B, it was on track to reach its 154°East orbital slot. [39] [2]

At the scheduled August 14 at 05:26  UTC, SpaceX successfully launched the JCSAT-16 satellite into orbit on a Falcon 9 rocket. [40] While JCSAT-16 was supposed to serve as on-orbit backup at the 124° East longitude position, it will be rushed into service at the 162°East position to replace Superbird-B2, a satellite past its design life. Originally Superbird-8 was supposed to replace Superbird-B2, but a mishap during transport to the launch site in March 2016 meant that it would be delayed between one and two years. [41] [42]

Space Communications Corporation

Mitsubishi logo. SCC was owned by Mitsubishi. Mitsubishi logo.svg
Mitsubishi logo. SCC was owned by Mitsubishi.

Space Communications Corporation (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as the original companies that later formed JSAT. [1] On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecraft from Space Systems/Loral, Superbird-A, Superbird-B, Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1. [43] SCC was related to the Mitsubishi Group, and has been a part of their keiretsu. [44]

On June 5, 1989 Superbird-A, the second private communications satellite of Japan was launched aboard an Ariane 44L along DFS Kopernikus-1. [45] On February 22, 1990 Superbird-B was lost when the Ariane 44LP that should have orbited it along BS-2X failed during launch. Superbird-B1 was completed in just 19 months and successfully launched on February 26, 1992 also aboard an Ariane 44L. The last of the initial batch, Superbird-A1 was launched on December 1 of the same year, thus completing the first phase of deployment of the SCC fleet. [45]

SCC switched satellite suppliers and on 1995 ordered a satellite from Boeing, Superbird-C. [46] [47] On July 28, 1997, Superbird-C was orbited by an Atlas IIAS. [46]

On 1995, SCC obtained a license to offer communication services in the international market and thus became a regional operator. [1] On April 6, 1998, SCC ordered a second satellite from Boeing, Superbird-4. On February 18, 2000 Superbird-4 was orbited by an Ariane 44LP, at which point it was renamed as Superbird-B2. [47]

By September 1997, both JSAT and SCC had requested the 110°East position. The Japanese government made them share that position and thus both made in November 1998 a joint order for N-SAT-110 from Lockheed Martin. [7] [8] It was also called JCSAT-7 by JSAT and Superbird-5 by SCC, but was later rechristened as JCSAT 110 and Superbird-D once it was on orbit. N-SAT-110 was successfully launched on October 6, 2000 by an Ariane 42L. [8] [10]

In September 2001 SCC ordered Superbird-6 from Boeing. It was launched on April 16, 2004 by an Atlas IIAS that injected in the supersynchronous orbit specified by the satellite manufacturer, at which point it was named Superbird-A2. But the orbit analysis had failed to take into consideration the influence of the Moon at such high apogees and the perigee started to drop dangerously fast. Most of its propellant had to be spent and the solar panels suffered damage that reduced the power production. It was never commissioned into service. [48]

On November 1, 2005, SCC orders its first satellite to be built in Japan, the Superbird-7 by MELCO. [49] It was successfully launched along AMC-21 by an Ariane 5 ECA on August 14, 2008, at which time it was renamed as Superbird-C2. [50]

In March 2008, SCC becomes a fully owned subsidiary of SKY Perfect JSAT Group. [23] [1] On the SKY Perfect JSAT board meeting of August 6, 2008, it was resolved to merge SKY Perfect Communications, JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation. The merger would see SKY Perfect absorb JSAT and SCC and both legacy companies dissolved. [24] This consolidated the Superbird fleet into JSAT and created the fifth satellite operator in the world at the time. [1]

N-Star

N-Star was created as a joint venture between JSAT, NTT, NTT Communications and NTT DoCoMo for the supply of these latter two WIDESTAR satellite telephone and data packet service. [51] JSAT would handle the satellite side of business and NTT DoCoMo would operate the payload. [52] [53]

Two identical satellites were ordered on 1992 from Space Systems Loral, N-STAR a and N-STAR b, for 1995 and 1996 on orbit delivery. [54] [43] They would be "switchboards in the sky" having S band, C band, Ka band and Ku band payload. [55]

N-STAR a was successfully launched aboard an Ariane 44P on August 29, 1995. Its twin, N-STAR b, launched on February 5, 1996, also aboard an Ariane 44P. [56] [55] The satellite telephone service was operational in March 1996. In March 2000, the packet communications service was introduced. [57] In March 2000, JSAT received the NTT Communications interest in the N-STAR a and N-STAR b. [58] [1]

In October 1999, N-STAR c was ordered by NTT DoCoMo from Lockheed Martin and Orbital Sciences Corporation. [59] Orbital would supply the spacecraft and procure launch services and Lockheed would deliver the payload an act a main contractor. [60] The satellite was successfully launched on July 5, 2002 along Stellat 5 on an Ariane 5G. [61]

In August 2003 the JSAT acquired the NTT DoCoMo interest on N-STAR a and N-STAR b, whom then leased them back. [62] [63]

JSAT ordered JCSAT-9 from Lockheed Martin, and in May 2003 leased some transponders to NTT DoCoMo to be used as N-STAR d. [15] JCSAT-9 successfully launched on April 12, 2006 aboard a Zenit-3SL and was rechristened JCSAT-5A. [12] It enabled the new service WIDESTAR II and deprecated the original N-STAR a and N-STAR b. [57]

During 2010, SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation acquires N-STAR c, completing the transfer of NTT orbital assets and management to JSAT. [1]

DSN military network

JSAT along NEC, NTT Com and Maeda Corporation formed a joint venture called DSN Corporation. On January 15, 2013, DSN Corporation announced that it had closed a contract with the Ministry of Defense to execute the "Program to Upgrade and Operate X-Band Satellite Communications Functions, etc". The contract was a private finance initiative, where private funds, management and technical capabilities were used to upgrade and operate the Japanese military X band satellite network. [64]

With the new venture in place, the DSN Corporation took on manufacture and launch of two satellites plus making upgrades to the ground control station network. DSN is to operate, manage and maintain the facilities and equipment from fiscal years 2015 to 2030, at a total estimated program cost of ¥122,074,026,613. [64] [ non-primary source needed ]

The 2013 plan called for the launch of the first satellite in December 2015, with a start of operations in March 2016 and a termination of operations on April 2030. In the event, the 2015 launch was delayed by two years. [65] The second satellite was expected to launch in January 2017,[ needs update ] starting operations in March 2017. The program and the operations of the second satellite were expected by March 2031. [64]

JSATs role is the procurement and general management of the satellites. [64] The first satellite, DSN-1, is actually an additional payload on one of JSAT's own satellites, Superbird-8. [66] The second satellite, DSN-2 is a dedicated spacecraft. [66] [67]

In April 2014, JSAT announced that it had placed an order with MELCO to procure a DS2000 model for the Superbird-8 satellite, intended to replace Superbird-B2 and be positioned on the 162°East orbital slot. [68]

In May 2016, JSAT experience a satellite air transportation mishap where a dislodged tarpaulin had blocked a bleed valve on a satellite transport container and the Superbird-8 spacecraft suffered over pressurization damage. [65] This occurred as the completed satellite was on a flight to the launch site; JSAT observed container deformation detected upon landing. [69] The mishap was expected to delay the satellite launch about two years. [65] [ needs update ]

Horizons Satellite

Horizons Satellite was originally an equal share joint venture with PanAmSat. It ordered its first satellite, Horizons-1/Galaxy 13 from Boeing in middle 2001. It was a 4 t (4.4 tons) spacecraft with 24 C band and 24 Ku band transponders. It had a 10 kW power generation capacity and 15 years of expected life. It was successfully launched on October 1, 2003 aboard a Zenit-3SL rocket from the Ocean Odyssey platform in the Pacific. [70]

On August 30, 2005, Orbital Sciences announced that Horizons Satellite had ordered a small satellite based on the STAR-2 platform, Horizons-2, for the PanAmSat licensed orbital slot at 74°West. It would carry 20 Ku band transponders, generate 3.5 kW of power, weight around 2.3 t (2.5 tons) and was expected to be launched in 2007. [71]

The late 2005 take over of PanAmSat by Intelsat, did not diminished the relationship and, in fact, strengthened the alliance. On December 21, 2007, Horizons Satellite used an Ariane 5 rocket to launch Horizons-2. [72] And, outside of the Horizons Satellite, JCSAT and Intelsat launched the joint satellite Intelsat 15/JCSAT-85 on November 30, 2009 aboard a Zenit-3SLB. [18]

On November 4, 2015, JSAT and Intelsat made a joined statement that they would add a new member to their Horizons joint venture. The satellite, called Horizons 3e, would be based on the Intelsat EpicNG platform, featuring an optimized C band and high throughput Ku band payload it would offer mobility and broadband connectivity services in the Asia-Pacific region. [73] It was expected to use the 169°East orbital slot and launch by the second half of 2018. [74]

This would be the fourth joint satellite, along with the other two Horizons Satellite spacecraft, Horizons-1 and Horizons-2 and the separately co-owned JCSAT-85/Intelsat 15. Since this would be an investment within Horizons, it would not be considered a capital expenditure of the parent companies. [75]

Satellite fleet

JSAT usually has a name for the satellites orders, and once commissioned in orbit they get rechristened to a new, definitive name. This is a list of the historical satellite projects.

ProjectNameBusPayloadOrderLaunchLaunch VehicleLaunch ResultLaunch MassStatusRemarks
JCSAT-1 JCSAT-1 HS-393 32 Ku band 19851989-03-06 Ariane 44LP Success2,280 kg (5,030 lb)DecommissionedFirst commercial Japanese satellite. [4]
Superbird-1 Superbird-A SSL 1300 23 Ku band, 3 Ka band and 2 X band 19861989-06-05 Ariane 44L Success2,800 kg (6,200 lb)DecommissionedLaunch with DFS Kopernikus-1. [45]
JCSAT-2 JCSAT-2 HS-393 32 Ku band 19851990-01-01 Commercial Titan III Success2,280 kg (5,030 lb)DecommissionedLaunched with Skynet 4A. [4]
Superbird-2 Superbird-B SSL 1300 23 Ku band, 3 Ka band and 2 X band 19861990-02-22 Ariane 44L Failure2,800 kg (6,200 lb)DecommissionedLaunched with BS-2X. Launch failure. [45]
Superbird-B1 Superbird-B1 SSL 1300 23 Ku band, 3 Ka band and 2 X band 19861992-02-26 Ariane 44L Success2,800 kg (6,200 lb)DecommissionedLaunched with Arabsat-1C. [45]
Superbird-A1 Superbird-A1 SSL 1300 23 Ku band, 3 Ka band and 2 X band 19861992-12-01 Ariane 42P Success2,800 kg (6,200 lb)Decommissioned [45]
JCSAT-3 JCSAT-3 HS-601 12 C band and 28 Ku band 19931995-08-29 Atlas IIAS Success3,105 kg (6,845 lb)Decommissioned [5]
N-STAR a N-STAR a SSL 1300 11 Ka band, 8 Ku band, 6 C band and 4 S band 19921995-08-29 Ariane 44P Success3,400 kg (7,500 lb)DecommissionedAcquired from NTT Communications in March 2000. [2] [1] [56] [43]
N-STAR b N-STAR b SSL 1300 11 Ka band, 8 Ku band, 6 C band and 4 S band 19921996-02-05 Ariane 44P Success3,400 kg (7,500 lb)DecommissionedAcquired from NTT Communications in March 2000. [2] [1] [56] [43]
JCSAT-4 JCSAT-R HS-601 12 C band and 28 Ku band 19951997-02-17 Atlas IIAS Success3,105 kg (6,845 lb)DecommissionedSold as Intelsat 26. [5]
Superbird-C Superbird-C HS-601 24 Ku band 19951997-07-28 Atlas IIAS Success3,130 kg (6,900 lb)Decommissioned [46]
JCSAT-5 JCSAT-1B HS-601 32 Ku band 19961997-12-02 Ariane 42P Success2,982 kg (6,574 lb)Operational at 150°ELaunched with Equator-S. Replacement of JCSAT-1. [2] [6]
JCSAT-6 JCSAT-4A HS-601 32 Ku band 19961999-02-16 Atlas IIAS Success2,900 kg (6,400 lb)DecommissionedReplacement of JCSAT-4. [6] [76]
Superbird-4 Superbird-B2 HS-601HP 23 (+1 steerable) Ku band and 6 Ka band 19982000-02-18 Ariane 44LP Success4,057 kg (8,944 lb)Operational at 162°E [2] [47]
JCSAT-7
Superbird-5 		N-SAT-110
JCSAT-110
Superbird-D 		A2100AX 24 Ku band 19982000-10-06 Ariane 42L Success4,048 kg (8,924 lb)Operational at 110°EReplacement of JCSAT-3. [2] [8]
JCSAT-8 JCSAT-2A BSS-601 16 C-band and 16 Ku-band 20002002-03-29 Ariane 44L Success2,460 kilograms (5,420 lb)Operational at 154° EReplacement of JCSAT-2. [2] [9]
N-STAR c N-STAR c GEOStar-2 1 C-band and 20 S-band 19992002-07-05 Ariane 5 G Success1,620 kilograms (3,570 lb)Operational at 136° ELaunched with Stellat 5. [2] [60] [59]
Horizons-1 Horizons-1
Galaxy 13 		HS-601HP 24 Ku-band and 24 C-band 20012003-10-01 Zenit-3SL Success4,060 kilograms (8,950 lb)Operational at 127° ECo-owned with Intelsat. [2] [70]
Superbird-6 Superbird-A2 HS-601HP 23 Ku-band and 4 Ka-band 20012004-04-16 Atlas IIAS Success3,100 kilograms (6,800 lb)Never commissionedInjection orbit to supersynchronous orbit failed to account for lunar influence; satellite spent most of its fuel and suffered damage. Never commissioned. [2] [48]
JCSAT-9 JCSAT-5A
N-STAR d 		A2100AXS 20 C-band, 20 Ku-band and 1 S-band 20032006-04-12 Zenit-3SLB Success4,401 kilograms (9,703 lb)Operational at 132° EReplacement of JCSAT-5. [2] [12] [77]
JCSAT-10 JCSAT-3A A2100AXS 30 Ku-band and 12 C-band 20042006-08-11 Ariane 5 ECA Success4,048 kilograms (8,924 lb)Operational at 128° ELaunched with Syracuse-3B. Replacement of JCSAT-3. [2] [16] [78]
JCSAT-11 — A2100AXS 30 Ku-band and 12 C-band 20052007-09-05 Proton-M/Briz-M Failure4,007 kilograms (8,834 lb)Launch FailureWas to serve as general backup. Lost at launch. [16]
Horizons-2 Horizons-2 GEOStar-2 20 Ku-band 20052007-12-21 Ariane 5 GS Success2,304 kilograms (5,079 lb)Operational at 85° ELaunched with Rascom-QAF 1. Co-owned with Intelsat [2] [72]
Superbird-7 Superbird-C2 DS2000 28 Ku-band —2008-08-14 Ariane 5 ECA Success4,820 kilograms (10,630 lb)Operational at 144° ELaunched with AMC-21. [2] [50]
JCSAT-12 JCSAT-RA A2100AXS 12 C-band and 30 Ku-band 20072009-08-21 Ariane 5 ECA Success4,000 kilograms (8,800 lb)Backup w/o slotLaunched with Optus D3. Replacement of JCSAT-11. [2] [16]
JCSAT-85 JCSAT-85
Intelsat 15 		GEOStar-2 22 Ku-band 20072009-11-30 Zenit-3SLB Success2,484 kilograms (5,476 lb)Operational at 85° EJSAT owns 5 transponders on Intelsat 15. [2] [18]
JCSAT-110R JCSAT-110R
BSAT-3c 		A2100A two payloads of 12 Ku-band each20082011-08-06 Ariane 5 ECA Success2,910 kilograms (6,420 lb)Operational at 110° ELaunched with Astra 1N. Co-owned with B-SAT, one payload each. Backup of N-SAT-110. [2] [26] [20]
JCSAT-13 JCSAT-4B A2100AXS 44 Ku-band 20092012-06-15 Ariane 5 ECA Success4,528 kilograms (9,983 lb)Operational at 124° ELaunched with Vinasat-2. Replaced JCSAT-4A. [2] [29]
JCSAT-14 JCSAT-2B SSL 1300 26 C-band and 18 Ku-band 20132016-05-06 Falcon 9 Full Thrust Success4,696 kilograms (10,353 lb)Operational at 154° EReplaced JCSAT-2A. [2] [43] [79] [31]
JCSAT-16 — SSL 1300 Ku-band and Ka-band 20142016-08-14 Falcon 9 Full Thrust Success4,600 kilograms (10,100 lb)Commissioning
(In transit to 162° E)		Will act as backup. [43] Temporarily replacing delayed Superbird-8. [80]
JCSAT-15 — SSL 1300 Ku20142016-12-21 Ariane 5 ECA Success3,400 kilograms (7,500 lb)Commissioning
(In transit to 110° E)		Replacement for N-SAT-110. [43] [81]
DSN-2 Kirameki-2 NEC X band military payload—2017-01-24 H-IIA 204 Success—Commissioning
(In transit to 162° E		Managed for the DSN Corporation on behalf of the Japanese Military. [67]
Superbird-8 Superbird-B3
DSN-1
Kirameki-1 		DS2000 Ku-band, Ka-band and an X-band military payload20142018-04-05 Ariane 5 ECA Success—SuccessReplacement for Superbird-B2. [68] DSN-1 payload for the Japanese military. [66]
Horizons-3e — BSS-702MP C band and Ku-band 20152018-09-25 Ariane 5 ECA Success6000 kgSuccessHorizons Satellite 3rd satellite. Co-owned with Intelsat, EpicNG architecture. Replacement for Intelsat 805. [73] [74] [75]
JCSAT-17 — A2100 S-band, C-band and Ku-band 20162020-02-18 Ariane 5 ECA Success—Success [82] [38]
JCSAT-18 JCSAT-18 / Kacific 1 BSS-702MP Ku-band and 56 Ka-band 20172019-12-16 Falcon 9 Full Thrust [83] Success6956 kgSuccess [84]
Superbird-9 Superbird-9 OneSat Ku band, Ka band 20212027 Starship CargoPlannedUnknownContracted [85] [86]

See also

Related Research Articles

JCSAT-5A or N-STAR d, known as JCSAT-9 before launch, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group (JSAT), which was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform.

JSAT Corporation (JSAT) was the first private Japanese satellite operator, which owned the JSAT satellites, as well as operated and partially owned the N-Star with NTT DoCoMo. Its origins can be traced to the funding of Japan Communications Satellite Company (JCSAT) and Satellite Japan Corporation in 1985. Both companies merged into Japan Satellite Systems Inc. in 1993. In 2000 the company was renamed as JSAT Corporation and was listed in the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. On September 1, 2008, the company was merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group.

JCSAT-11, was a geostationary communications satellite ordered by JSAT Corporation which was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform. The satellite was designated to be used as an on-orbit, but was lost on launch failure.

Horizons Satellite is a joint venture between Intelsat and SKY Perfect JSAT Group. Originally formed in 2001, pursuant to a memorandum of understanding between JSAT Corporation and PanAmSat for the launch of Horizons-1, it was renewed for Horizons-2. JSAT later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group and PanAmSat was acquired by Intelsat, but the companies continued with the relationship, with the order for Horizons-3e. Both companies also launched a joint satellite, Intelsat 15/JCSAT-85, but instead of the equal share agreement of this joint venture, JSAT owns a specific payload of 5 transponders out of the 22 Ku band transponders of the spacecraft.

The Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation (B-SAT) is a Japanese corporation established in April 1993 to procure, manage and lease transponders on communications satellites. Its largest stockholder, owning 49.9%, is NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation. In 1994, it was ranked by Space News as the world's 19th largest fixed satellite operator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SKY Perfect JSAT</span> Japanese satellite operator and satellite TV company

The SKY Perfect JSAT Group is a Japanese corporate group that claims to be Asia's largest satellite communication and multi-channel pay TV company. It owns the SKY PerfecTV! satellite broadcasting service and the SKY Perfect Well Think content studio, among other businesses.

Superbird-A, also identified as Superbird-1 before launch, was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace) on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Space Communications Corporation (SCC), which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It had a mixed Ku-band, Ka-band and X-band payload and operated on the 158° East longitude.

JCSAT-110, also known as N-SAT 110, JCSAT-7, Superbird-5 and Superbird-D, is a Japanese geostationary communications satellite which was operated by JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation until both companies merged into SKY Perfect JSAT Group in 2008. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 110° East, from where it is used to provide communications services to Japan.

Intelsat 15, also known as IS-15, is a communications satellite owned by Intelsat. Intelsat 15 was built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, on a Star-2.4. It is located at 85° E longitude on the geostationary orbit. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome to a geosynchronous transfer orbit on 30 November 2009 by a Zenit-3SLB launch vehicle. It has 22 active Ku band transponders, plus eight spares. Five of those transponders are owned and operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group under the name JCSAT-85.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JCSAT-16</span>

JCSAT-16 is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group and designed and manufactured by SSL on the SSL 1300 platform. It has a launch weight of 4,600 kg (10,100 lb), a power production capacity of 8.5 kW and a 15-year design life. Its payload is composed of Ku band and Ka band transponders. SKY Perfect JSAT Group plans to use JCSAT-16 as an in-orbit backup satellite for the Ku- and Ka-band satellites serving the Japanese market.

JCSAT-4B, known as JCSAT-13 before launch, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group (JSAT). It was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform.

BSAT-3c, also known as JCSAT-110R, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation (B-SAT) and SKY Perfect JSAT (JSAT) which was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform.

Horizons-3e, also known as IS-H3e, is a high throughput geostationary communications satellite ordered by Horizons Satellite, a joint venture of Intelsat and SKY Perfect JSAT Group. The spacecraft is designed and manufactured by Boeing on the Boeing-702MP platform.

DSN Corporation Japanese: 株式会社ディー・エス・エヌ is a corporation owned by SKY Perfect JSAT Group, NEC and NTT Com. It was founded on December 19, 2012 for the sole purpose of acting as an investment vehicle in the private finance initiative that would handle the Japanese military X-band DSN satellite network from 2015 to 2031.

JCSAT-3A, known as JCSAT-10 before launch, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group (JSAT) which was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100 platform.

JCSAT-3 was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Hughes on the HS-601 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by JSAT Corporation, which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It has a mixed Ku-band and C-band payload and operated on the 128° East longitude until it was replaced by JCSAT-3A.

Superbird-2, also identified as Superbird-B after launch if successful, was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Space Communications Corporation (SCC), which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It had a mixed Ku-band, Ka-band and X-band payload and was lost at launch.

Superbird-B1, sometimes identified as Superbird-1B, was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Space Communications Corporation (SCC), which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It had a mixed Ku-band, Ka-band and X-band payload and was rushed into launch at the 162° East longitude due to the launch failure of Superbird-B.

N-STAR c, is a geostationary communications satellite originally ordered by NTT DoCoMo and later fully acquired by SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin, which acted as prime, developed the payload and did the final integration and testing, and Orbital Sciences Corporation, which supplied the satellite bus on the GEOStar-2 platform and procured the launch services. It had a launch weight of approximately 1,645 kg (3,627 lb), and a 15-year design life. Its payload is composed of 1 C-band, and 20 S-band transponders and its stationed in the 136° East longitude.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "History". SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "Satellite Fleet JSAT". SKY Perfect JSAT Group. Archived from the original on 2016-09-03. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  3. ↑ "JCSAT". Global Security. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 3, 4 (JCSat R) → Intelsat 26". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 5, 6 (JCSat 1B, 4A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  7. 1 2 3 "Superbird". Global Security. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "N-SAT 110 (JCSat 110, JCSat 7, Superbird 5 (D))". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  9. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 8 (JCSat 2A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  10. 1 2 "JSAT Corporation". Sky Brokers. Archived from the original on 2016-07-09. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  11. ↑ "JSAT Corporation Awards Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems Contract for Powerful A2100 Satellite". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. April 30, 2003. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  12. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 9 (JCSAT 5A, N-Star d)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  13. ↑ "JSAT Corporation Awards Lockheed Martin Contract For Second A2100 Satellite". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. April 20, 2004. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  14. ↑ "JSAT Corporation Awards Lockheed Martin Contract For Third A2100 Satellite". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. October 3, 2005. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  15. 1 2 "JSAT to Lease JCSAT-9 Satellite to NTT DoCoMo". NTT DoCoMo. May 23, 2003. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 10, 11, 12 (JCSat 3A, RA)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  17. ↑ "Orbital Awarded New Contract for IS-15 Commercial Communications Satellite by Intelsat". BusinessWire.com. Orbital Sciences Corporation. May 1, 2007. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Intelsat 15 (JCSat 85)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  19. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (September 12, 2007). "Proton/JCSAT-11 launch failure". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  20. 1 2 "JSAT Reaches Basic Agreement on Joint Procurement of 110-degree Hybrid BS/CS Satellite". September 18, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved 2016-08-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  21. ↑ "Arianespace to Launch Japanese Satellite JCSAT-12". Defense-aerospace.com. Arianespace. September 19, 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  22. ↑ "JSAT Announces Agreement on Launching Replacement of JCSAT-11 Backup Satellite". September 19, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved 2016-08-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  23. 1 2 "Making Space Communications Corporation (SCC) a wholly owned subsidiary" (PDF). March 12, 2008. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  24. 1 2 "Notice of Merger of Consolidated Subsidiaries" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation & Intelsat. August 6, 2008. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  25. ↑ "B-SAT and SKY Perfect JSAT Award Lockheed Martin Contract For BSAT-3c/JCSAT-110R". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  26. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "BSat 3c / JCSAT 110R". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  27. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT Awards Lockheed Martin Contract To Build JCSAT-13 Communications Satellite". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. April 16, 2009. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  28. ↑ "Arianespace Secures JCSAT-13 Launch Deal". April 20, 2009. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  29. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 13 (JCSat 4B)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  30. ↑ "Lockheed Martin-Built JCSAT-13 Satellite Begins Service for Sky Perfect JSAT of Japan". Icaa.eu. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. July 10, 2012. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  31. 1 2 "SSL selected to provide satellite to Sky Perfect JSAT". SSL. 2013-06-12. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  32. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT signed a Launch Service Contract for JCSAT-14 satellite with SpaceX" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group. 2014-01-10. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  33. 1 2 "SSL selected to provide two satellites to Sky Perfect JSAT". SSL. 2014-04-16. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  34. ↑ "Arianespace to launch JCSAT-15 for SKY Perfect JSAT satellite". Arianespace. 2014-09-08. Retrieved 2016-07-29.
  35. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT signed Launch Service Contract for JCSAT-15 satellite with Arianespace" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group. 2014-09-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-22. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  36. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT signed Launch Service Contract for JCSAT-16 satellite with SpaceX" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group. 2014-09-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  37. 1 2 Graham, William (2016-03-05). "Falcon 9 launches with JCSAT-14 – lands another stage". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  38. 1 2 "Lockheed Martin Awarded JCSAT-17 Satellite Contract From SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation". Lockheed Martin Space Systems. February 3, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  39. ↑ "SSL satellite for Sky Perfect JSAT begins post-launch maneuvers according to plan". SSL. 2016-05-06. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  40. ↑ "Notice Regarding Successful Launch of the JCSAT-16 Communications Satellite" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group. August 14, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
  41. ↑ Graham, William (August 14, 2016). "SpaceX launches second JCSAT mission via Falcon 9". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
  42. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (August 14, 2016). "SpaceX successfully launches JCSat-16 satellite, faces crowded end-year manifest". Space News. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Awards & Launch History - 1300 Bus Satellites". SSL MDA. Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
  44. ↑ Superbird
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird A, A1, B, B1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  46. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird C". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  47. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird 4 (Superbird B2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  48. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird 6 (Superbird A2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  49. ↑ "Mitsubishi Electric receives order for Superbird 7 communications satellite from Space Communications Corporation" (PDF). MELCO. November 1, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  50. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird 7 (Superbird C2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  51. ↑ "FORM 20-F/A AMENDMENT NO.1 TO FORM 20-F" (PDF). NTT DoCoMo. February 8, 2002. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  52. ↑ "FORM 20-F/A AMENDMENT NO.1 TO FORM 20-F" (PDF). NTT DoCoMo. July 10, 2002. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  53. ↑ "FORM 20-F/A AMENDMENT NO.1 TO FORM 20-F" (PDF). NTT DoCoMo. July 3, 2003. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  54. ↑ "N-Star". Global Security. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  55. 1 2 "N-STAR" (PDF). SSL MDA. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  56. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "N-Star a, b". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  57. 1 2 Yamamoto, Kazuichi; Furukawa, Makoto; Satoh, Hijin; Nishi, Yasuki; Kouji, Horikawa (September 2010). "Overview of WIDESTAR II Mobile Satellite Communications System and Service" (PDF). NTT DoCoMo Technical Journal. 12 (2). NTT DoCoMo: 37–42. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  58. ↑ "Who we are". SKY Perfect JSAT Group. 2012-08-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  59. 1 2 "Lockheed Martin/Orbital Team Selected by Japan's NTT Mobile Communications Network to Negotiate N-Star c Geosynchronous Communications Satellite Contract". prnewswire.com. Orbital Sciences Corporation. Oct 20, 1999. Retrieved 2016-08-22.
  60. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "N-Star c". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  61. ↑ "N-STAR c" (PDF). Orbital ATK. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  62. ↑ "NTT DoCoMo to Transfer Satellite Assets to JSAT and Acquire JSAT Common Stock". NTT DoCoMo. July 31, 2003. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  63. ↑ "FORM 20-F/A AMENDMENT NO.1 TO FORM 20-F" (PDF). NTT DoCoMo. June 28, 2004. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
  64. 1 2 3 4 "Execution of a Program to Upgrade and Operate X-Band Satellite Communications Functions by the Subsidiary" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation & Intelsat. January 15, 2013. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  65. 1 2 3 Kubo, Nobuhiro (July 19, 2016). "Tarpaulin delays Japanese military communications satellite by two year". Space News. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  66. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Superbird 8 / DSN 1 (Kirameki 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  67. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "DSN 2 (Kirameki 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  68. 1 2 "SKY Perfect JSAT Procures Successor to Superbird-B2 Satellite" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group & Intelsat. April 25, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  69. ↑ "Revision of Consolidated Earnings Forecasts" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group & Intelsat. June 17, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  70. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Galaxy 13 / Horizons 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  71. ↑ "Orbital Receives Contract for Horizons-2 Commercial Communications Satellite; Joint Venture Between PanAmSat and JSAT to Utilize Company's STAR(TM) Small Geosynchronous Satellite Platform". BusinessWire.com. Orbital Sciences Corporation. August 30, 2005. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  72. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Horizons 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  73. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "Horizons 3e". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  74. 1 2 "SKY Perfect JSAT and Intelsat to Bring High Throughput Capacity to Asia Pacific to Meet Growing Mobility and Broadband Demands" (PDF). SKY Perfect JSAT Group & Intelsat. November 4, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  75. 1 2 Magan, Veronica (November 4, 2015). "Intelsat, JSAT Partner for Horizon 3e High Throughput Satellite for Asia Pacific" . Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  76. ↑ "JCSAT 6". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. 27 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  77. ↑ "JSAT Corporation Awards Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems Contract For Powerful A2100 Satellite". prnewswire.com. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. April 30, 2003. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
  78. ↑ "SAT Corp Awards Lockheed Contract for Second A2100 Satellite". defense-aerospace.com. Lockheed Martin Space Systems. April 20, 2004. Archived from the original on 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
  79. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 14 (JCSat 2B)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  80. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 16". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  81. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 15". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  82. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-04-21). "JCSat 17". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  83. ↑ Henry, Caleb (September 5, 2017). "SpaceX wins Kacific, SKY Perfect JSAT condosat launch". SpaceNews . Retrieved September 14, 2017.
  84. ↑ Thompson, Amy (December 17, 2019). "SpaceX Falcon 9 Launches Heavyweight Satellite Into Orbit, Nails Rocket Landing". Space.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  85. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT signed Launch Service Contract for Superbird-9 satellite with SpaceX | SKY Perfect JSAT HD".
  86. ↑ "SKY Perfect JSAT signs contract with Airbus to build Superbird-9 telecommunications satellite | Airbus". 28 October 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.