Jagdstaffel 12

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Jasta 12
The Imperial German Air Service, 1914-1918. Q69099.jpg
Jasta 12's flightline of Albatros D.Vas in August/September 1917. An AEG C.IV liaison plane is at left.
Active1916–1918
Country German Empire
Branch Luftstreitkräfte
TypeFighter squadron
Engagements World War I

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 12 was a World War I "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte , the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 155 aerial victories (including three wins over observation balloons) during the war, at the expense of seventeen killed in action, eight wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war. [1]

Contents

History

Jasta 12 flightline at Toulis, France Jasta12.jpg
Jasta 12 flightline at Toulis, France

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 12 was created on 28 September 1916 from an existing ad hoc unit, Fokkerstaffel West. The new squadron mobilized on 12 October 1916 at Laon, France. It scored its first victory on 4 December 1916. [1] [2] The squadron was initially equipped with ill-performing Fokker D.Is. On 24 March 1917, the unit was credited with its tenth victory. The following month, Bloody April 1917, Jasta 12 downed 23 Royal Flying Corps aircraft. May saw 10 more victories. By the end of July, the jasta's scoreboard showed 74 victories. When it lost its ace commander, Adolf von Tutschek, to wounds, its new Staffelfuhrer led it to 22 victories in three months with no German losses. [3]

By the time it joined Jagdgeschwader II (JG II) on 2 February 1918, Jasta 12 was a seasoned unit with 104 confirmed victories to its credit. However, the new JG II would have equipment problems as German supplies declined. On 26 May 1918, the jasta would find itself temporarily grounded by lack of aircraft. [4]

Jasta 12 fought through the end of the war, disbanding only after Germany's loss. The squadron was credited with 155 aerial victories, including three enemy observation balloons. In turn, they suffered 17 killed in action, 8 wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war. [1] [2]

Commanding officers ( Staffelführer )

  1. Oberleutnant/Hauptmann Paul von Osterroht: 6 October 1916 – April 1917  (KIA)
  2. Oberleutnant Adolf von Tutschek: 28 April 1917 – 11 August 1917 ( WIA )
  3. Leutnant Otto von Nostitz (Acting CO): 11 August 1917
  4. Leutnant de Reserves Viktor Schobinger
  5. Leutnant Otto von Nostitz (Acting CO): 15 November 1917
  6. Oberleutnant Paul Blumenbach: 2 February 1918 – 18 May 1918
  7. Leutnant Robert Hildebrand: 18 May 1918 – 13 July 1918
  8. Leutnant de Reserves Hermann Becker: 13 July 1918 – 11 November 1918 [2]

Duty stations (airfields)

  1. Riencourt: 4 November 1916 – 26 January 1917
  2. Herrlingen, Germany: 26 January 1917 – February 1917 [1]
  3. Niederum [2]
  4. Epinoy, France: Unknown – 27 July 1917 [1]
  5. Roncourt, France: 27 July 1917 – 18 August 1917
  6. La Brayelle, Douai, France: 18 August 1917 – unknown. [1]
  7. Eringhem, France
  8. Phalempin, France
  9. Roncourt, France
  10. Marle, France [2]
  11. Toulis, France: 13 February 1918 – 19 March 1918
  12. Guise, France: 19 March 1918 – 12 June 1918
  13. Le Mesnil: 12 June 1918 – unknown. [1]
  14. Roupy, France
  15. Guisecourt
  16. Balâtre, France
  17. Bonneuil Ferme [note 1]
  18. Mesnil-Bruntel, France [2]
  19. Leffincourt: 12 July 1918 – 24 July 1918
  20. Chéry-lès-Pouilly, France [1]
  21. Fontaine-Notre-Dame, France [note 2]
  22. Neuflize, France
  23. Doncourt
  24. Giraumont, France [2]
  25. Foreste, France: 10 August 1918 – 18 August 1918 [1]
  26. Charmois, Stenay, France
  27. Charmois, France
  28. Florenville, Belgium
  29. Trier, Germany [2]

Notable members

Adolf Schulte became the first ace in the squadron, on 24 March 1917. [1] Three of the squadron's commanders, Adolf von Tutschek, Victor Shobinger, and Hermann Becker, were notable as aces as well as Staffelnführer. Also notable among the unit's fourteen aces were: Ulrich Neckel, winner of the Pour le Merite and Iron Cross; [5] Reinhold Jörke, another Iron Cross awardee; [6] and Paul Billik, an Iron Cross and Hohenzollern winner who was the highest scoring ace to be denied a Pour le Merite. [7]

Aircraft

Jasta 12 operated Fokker D.I, Albatros D.III, Fokker Dr.I, and Fokker D.VII fighter aircraft. [2] Originally, the common squadron paint scheme was black tails and rear fuselages with white propeller spinners and/or engine cowlings. [1]

Jasta 12 joined Jagdgeschwader II in February 1918. Identifiable by serial number or pilot insignia, these are some of the aircraft known to have served with the squadron:

However, during 1918, aircraft were in short supply despite JG II's hoarding of worn Fokker Dr.I triplanes. The withdrawal of newly issued Siemens-Schuckert D.IIIs led to shortages. In the worst instance, on 26 May 1918, Jasta 19 was temporarily grounded because it had no aircraft. [9]

Operations

Jasta 12 was formed in support of 7th Armee. On 4 November 1916, it was transferred to the 1st Armee sector. On 26 January 1917, it moved to service in the Armee-Abteilung A Sector. Shortly thereafter, it moved back to support of 1st Armee. Jasta 12 was one of the squadrons forming Jagdgeschwader II on 2 February 1918, joining Jasta 13, Jasta 15, and Jasta 19 in the new fighter wing. [1]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Possibly Bonneuil-en-Valois; or Esmery-Hallon, Somme department, which includes a place known as Ferme de Bonneuil.
  2. ↑ Source (Jagdgeschwader Nr II: Geschwader Berthold) speaks of the "Fonfomme-Fontaine-Notre Dame road". It is likely this is an error, and Fonsommes is meant, next to Fontaine-Notre-Dame in the Aisne.

Related Research Articles

Jagdstaffel 11

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Jagdstaffel 2

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Ulrich Neckel Pour le Mérite, Iron Cross First and Second Class, was a World War I fighter ace credited with 30 victories.

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Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 1 was a fighter squadron of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. Jasta 1 was founded on 22 August 1916, using single seat fighters drawn from First Army. It was one of the first wave of dedicated fighter squadrons founded as a result of Oswald Boelcke's espousal of massing fighter air power. Leopold Reimann scored the first of its 138 aerial victories two days later. It served on the Western Front until September 1917, transferred directly to the Italian Front to serve until March 1918, then returned to France for the rest of the war.

Jagdstaffel 15

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 15, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 15, was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score over 150 aerial victories during the war, at the expense of seven killed in action, two killed in flying accidents, three wounded in action, one injured in a flying accident, and two taken prisoner of war.

Jagdstaffel 4

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 4, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 4, was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 192 confirmed victories; in turn, it would suffer 11 killed in action, 9 wounded in action, and two taken prisoner of war. It was one of the units in the famed Flying Circus.

Jagdstaffel 6

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Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 13 was a World War I "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 108 aerial victories during the war, at the expense of twelve killed in action, one killed in a flying accident, two wounded in action, and two taken prisoner of war.

Jagdstaffel 28

Royal Württemberg Jagdstaffel 28, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 28, was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 100 verified aerial victories. The Jasta would pay a blood price for its success: nine pilots killed in action, three wounded in action, one injured in a collision, and one prisoner of war.

Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 24 was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 89 verified aerial victories.

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Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 22 was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 57 verified aerial victories. Their eleven wins over enemy observation balloons made them a balloon buster squadron.

Jagdstaffel 19

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 19 was a World War I "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 92 verified aerial victories, including ten wins over enemy observation balloons.

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Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 36, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 36, was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 123 confirmed aerial victories during the war, including 11 enemy observation balloons. In turn, they would suffer 13 killed in action, 15 wounded in action, two injured in flying accidents, and two taken prisoner of war.

Jagdgeschwader II was the Imperial German Air Service's second fighter wing. Established because of the great success of Manfred von Richthofen's preceding Jagdgeschwader I wing, Jagdgeschwader II and Jagdgeschwader III were founded on 2 February 1918. JG II was assigned four squadrons nominally equipped with 14 aircraft each. The new wing was supposed to be fully operational in time for an offensive slated for 21 March 1918. Named to raise and lead it was 23-victory flying ace Hauptmann Adolf von Tutschek. However, he was killed in action on 15 March 1918.

Jagdgeschwader III was a fighter wing of the Imperial German Air Service during World War I. It was founded on 2 February 1918, as a permanent consolidation of four established jagdstaffeln —2, 26, 27, and 36. JG III was formed as a follow-on of Manfred von Richthofen's highly successful Jagdgeschwader I. With a nominal strength of 56 aircraft, JG III would be under direct orders of an Armee headquarters. The German General Staff was planning a German spring offensive to begin on 21 March 1918, and wanted to assign a fighter wing to each of the three Armees involved in the assault. An experienced flying ace with 22 victories, Oberleutnant Bruno Loerzer, was appointed to command JG III.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Franks, Bailey & Guest (1993), p. 34.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Jasta 12". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  3. ↑ VanWyngarden (2005), pp. 8–10.
  4. ↑ VanWyngarden (2005), p. 44.
  5. ↑ "Ulrich Neckel". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  6. ↑ "Reinhold Jörke". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  7. ↑ "Paul Billik". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  8. ↑ VanWyngarden (2005), pp. 122–125.
  9. ↑ VanWyngarden (2005), pp. 44–46.
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