Accounting,also known as accountancy,is the processing of information about economic entities,such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders,including investors,creditors,management,and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used interchangeably.
An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant,Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant,or Registered Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute,such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements,and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant,or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations.
Chartered accountants were the first accountants to form a professional accounting body,initially established in Scotland in 1854. The Edinburgh Society of Accountants (1854),the Glasgow Institute of Accountants and Actuaries (1854) and the Aberdeen Society of Accountants (1867) were each granted a royal charter almost from their inception. The title is an internationally recognised professional designation;the certified public accountant designation is generally equivalent to it. Women were able to become chartered accountants only following the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 after which,in 1920,Mary Harris Smith was recognised by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and became the first woman chartered accountant in the world.
Founded in 1904,the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification (ACCA). It has 240,952 members and 541,930 future members worldwide. ACCA's headquarters are in London with principal administrative office in Glasgow. ACCA works through a network of over 110 offices and centres in 51 countries - with 346 Approved Learning Partners (ALP) and more than 7,600 Approved Employers worldwide,who provide employee development.
The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA),South Africa’s pre-eminent accountancy body,is widely recognised as one of the world’s leading accounting institutes. The institute provides a wide range of support services to more than 48,000 members and associates who are chartered accountants (CAs(SA)),as well as associate general accountants (AGAs(SA)) and accounting technicians (ATs(SA)).
The Nzema are an Akan people numbering about 328,700,of whom 262,000 live in southwestern Ghana and 66,700 live in the southeast of Côte d'Ivoire. In Ghana the Nzema area is divided into three electoral districts:Nzema East Municipal,also known as Evalue Gwira;Ellembele;and Nzema West,also known as Jomoro. Their language is also known as Nzima or Appolo.
Chartered Accountants Ireland was established by Royal Charter on 14 May 1888,and is Ireland's largest accountancy body. According to its website,it represents over 30,000 members globally.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Jamaica (ICAJ) is a professional accountancy body in Jamaica. It is the sole organisation in Jamaica with the right to award the Chartered Accountant designation.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) is a professional accountancy body in Nigeria. It is one of the two professional accountancy associations with regulatory authority in Nigeria,the other being the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN). The relationship between the two organizations has been tense. In 2007 ICAN attempted to have a bill declaring ANAN void.
Accountancy in Hong Kong is regulated by the HKICPA under the Professional Accountants Ordinance. The auditing industry for limited companies is regulated under the Companies Ordinance,and other Ordinances such as the Securities and Futures Ordinance,the Listing Rules,etc.
Albert Kan-Dapaah is a Ghanaian chartered accountant and politician. He is currently the Minister of National Security. He was appointed by President Nana Addo Danquah Akufo-Addo on 10 January 2017.
Yaw Osafo-Maafo is a Ghanaian politician who was appointed in April as the senior presidential advisor to the Akufo-Addo Administration 2021. He was Senior Minister of the Republic of Ghana in the Akufo-Addo Administration from 2017 to 2021. He was Member of Parliament for Akim Oda from 1997 to 2009,and previously served as Finance Minister and in other cabinet roles in the Kufuor Administration between 2001 and 2009.
The Liberian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (LICPA) is a professional association of accountants in Liberia.
Takis M. Klerides,is a Greek Cypriot accountant,banker and a politician. He served as a Finance Minister of Cyprus under president Glafcos Clerides from 19 March 1999 until 28 February 2003.
John Saka Addo is a Ghanaian economist and statesman,who was governor of the Bank of Ghana from 29 March 1983 to 3 June 1987 and a member of the Council of State. He is a co-founder and former managing director of Prudential Bank Limited.
Abena Osei-Asare is a Chartered Accountant,Ghanaian politician and currently a Member of Parliament for Atiwa East in the Eastern Region of Ghana.
The Institute of Certified Management Accountants of Sri Lanka,is a professional body offering qualification in management accountancy in Sri Lanka.
Derrick Oduro is a Ghanaian politician who is also a retired military personnel with the Ghana Army and has a rank of major. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the deputy Minister for Defence in Ghana. He is also a member of parliament for Nkoranza North Constituency in the then Brong Ahafo region now Bono East Region.
Joseph Emmanuel Ackah is a Ghanaian politician,Farmer and a member of the 1st,2nd and 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He is a former member of Parliament for the Jomoro constituency in the Western Region a member of the National Democratic Congress political party in Ghana.
Seth Ago-Adjetey is a Ghanaian accountant and civil servant. He was the Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation from 2000 to 2002.
