Jean Victoire Audouin

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Jean Victor Audouin
Victor Audouin.jpg
Born(1797-04-27)27 April 1797
Paris, France
Died9 November 1841(1841-11-09) (aged 44)
Paris, France
Nationality French
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Société entomologique de France
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Jean Victor Audouin (27 April 1797 – 9 November 1841), sometimes Victor Audouin, was a French naturalist, an entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

Natural history study of organisms including plants or animals in their environment

Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is called a naturalist or natural historian.

Herpetology study of amphibians and reptiles

Herpetology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians and reptiles. Birds, which are cladistically included within Reptilia, are traditionally excluded here; the scientific study of birds is the subject of ornithology.

Contents

Biography

Audouin was born in Paris and was educated in the field of medicine. In 1824 he was appointed assistant to Pierre André Latreille, professor of entomology at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, where in 1833 he became Latreille's successor. In 1838 he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences. [1]

Paris Capital of France

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres and an official estimated population of 2,140,526 residents as of 1 January 2019. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.

Medicine The science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of physical and mental illnesses

Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.

Pierre André Latreille French zoologist (1762–1833)

Pierre André Latreille was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, Necrobia ruficollis.

His principal work, Histoire des insectes nuisibles à la vigne (1842), was completed after his death by Henri Milne-Edwards and Émile Blanchard. [2] Many of his papers appeared in the Annales des sciences naturelles , which, with Adolphe Theodore Brongniart and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, he founded in 1824, [3] as well as in the proceedings of the Société entomologique de France, of which he was one of the founders in 1832. [1] [4] In 1833, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Henri Milne-Edwards French zoologist

Henri Milne-Edwards was an eminent French zoologist.

Émile Blanchard French zoologist and entomologist (1819–1900)

Charles Émile Blanchard was a French zoologist and entomologist.

Jean-Baptiste Dumas French chemist

Jean Baptiste André Dumas was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities. He also developed a method for the analysis of nitrogen in compounds.

Audouin also contributed to other branches of natural history. With Brongniart and Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, he was co-author of the Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle, [4] and with Henri Milne-Edwards, he collaborated on a study of marine animals found in French coastal waters. He also completed Marie Jules César Savigny's ornithological section of Description de l'Egypte (1826). Audouin also studied amphibians and reptiles, and from 1827 to 1829 he described four new species of lizards [5] and one new species of frog. [6]

Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent French naturalist

Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent was a French naturalist.

Marie Jules César Lelorgne de Savigny was a French zoologist.

Amphibian A class of ectothermic tetrapods, which typically breed in water

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.

In 1843, mycologist David Gruby named the fungal species Microsporum audouinii after him. [7] Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii) is an ornithological species named in his honor, [8] as is the red alga Audouinella , and in the French language, the term poche copulatrice d'Audouin (the copulatory pouch of Audouin) is another name for the spermatheca. [9] [10]

David Gruby Hungarian physician

David Gruby was a Hungarian physician born in the village of Kis-Kér to a poor Jewish farmer. He received his doctorate in Vienna and performed scientific research in Paris.

<i>Microsporum audouinii</i> species of fungus

Microsporum audouinii is an anthropophilic fungus in the genus Microsporum. It is a type of dermatophyte that colonizes keratinized tissues causing infection. The fungus is characterized by its spindle-shaped macroconidia, clavate microconidia as well as its pitted or spiny external walls.

Audouins gull species of bird

The Audouin's gull is a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian peninsula. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ikhthus, "fish", and aetos, "eagle", and the specific audouinii and the English name are after the French naturalist Jean Victoire Audouin.

Publications

Masson was a French publisher specialised in medical and scientific collections. In 1987, Masson purchased Armand Colin. In turn, it became part of the City Group in 1994. In 2000, Groupe de la Cité became part of Vivendi Universal Publishing (VUP). VUP sold its medical and trade publishing to a group led by Cinven in 2002, who formed MediMedia. In 2005, MediMedia sold its European and U.S. Netter professional medical publishing businesses to Reed Elsevier. Masson merged with Elsevier France, creating Elsevier Masson.

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References

  1. 1 2 Chisholm 1911.
  2. ↑ Librairie Descarres [ permanent dead link ] Quelques livres rares ou curieux présentés au Salon International du Livre Ancien
  3. ↑ Archive.org Annales des sciences naturelles
  4. 1 2 Correspondence familiale Audouin, Jean Victor (1797-1841) et ses descendants
  5. ↑ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  6. ↑ Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference. research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia.
  7. ↑ Introduction to the History of Mycology by Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth
  8. ↑ British Trust for Ornithology Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii
  9. ↑ L'organisation interne des abeilles
  10. ↑ Google Books L'Apiculteur, Volumes 37-38 by Société centrale d'apiculture
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