Joseph DeRisi

Last updated
Joseph DeRisi
Joseph DeRisi 2021.jpg
Nationality American
Alma mater Stanford University, University of California, Santa Cruz
Known forViroChip, work on identifying SARS virus, gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum
Scientific career
Fields Biology
Institutions University of California, San Francisco Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Thesis The Analysis of whole genome gene expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  (1999)
Doctoral advisor Patrick O. Brown

Joseph Lyman DeRisi is an American biochemist, specializing in molecular biology, parasitology, genomics, virology, and computational biology.

Contents

Early life and education

DeRisi was raised in Carmichael, California, where he graduated from Del Campo High School. [1] He received a B.A. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1992 from the University of California, Santa Cruz. [2]

DeRisi earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Stanford University in 1999. Working in the laboratory of Patrick O. Brown, he developed methods for the production and use of DNA microarrays in molecular biology, and his thesis was a genome-wide expression analysis of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. [3] [4] [5] Upon graduation, DeRisi accepted a position as a Sandler Fellow at the University of California San Francisco. [2] [6]

Career and research

DeRisi has been a faculty member of the UCSF biochemistry and biophysics department since 1999. As of 2022 he is a professor of biochemistry and biophysics and is also the director of UCSF's Sandler Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research. [2] [6]

DeRisi is known for printing the first whole-genome expression array, [7] performing the first broad analysis of differential gene expression in cancer cells, [8] profiling gene expression throughout the lifecycle of the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum , [9] genomic characterization of the SARS-CoV-1 virus, [10] and pioneering virus discovery using gene hybridization arrays and DNA sequencing technologies. [11]

In his early career, DeRisi was a pioneer of microarrays, and designed and built both hardware and software for microarrays. He was a proponent of open access to microarray technology, [5] and maintained a website with software and protocols for microarray operations. [4] He is also a proponent of open access publishing. [12]

In 2002, DeRisi and his research collaborator David Wang developed the ViroChip, a DNA microarray that could be used to rapidly identify viruses in a sample of blood or tissue. [13] He used the tool to help identify the SARS-CoV-1 virus in 2003. In 2004, DeRisi was named a MacArthur fellow (the "Genius" award) for his work with ViroChip and genomic diagnostic techniques. [12] [14]

DeRisi became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator in 2005, and received financial support from HHMI for his research. [6] [15] He remained an investigator until 2016. [16]

DeRisi and his colleagues employ metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for applications including to identify the causal agents in cases of infectious encephalitis and meningitis and to discriminate between autoimmune and infectious causes, diagnosing cases that are difficult to decipher using traditional clinical laboratory techniques. [13] [17] Using metagenomic sequencing, DeRisi has identified disease-causing viruses in humans, and in animals ranging from parrots and cockatiels to honeybees and boa constrictors. [13] [18] He and a research partner, Don Ganem, have identified a parasite, Nosema ceranae , that appears to be responsible for colony collapse among honeybees. [19] He has also de-bunked the relation of viruses to certain subsets of human cancer. [20]

DeRisi and his colleague Dr. Michael Wilson used a phage display to screen antibody samples from patients with autoimmune symptoms against a library of human proteins, allowing them to identify a cancer-associated autoantigen that is the cause of the symptoms. [20] [21]

DeRisi’s lab at UCSF also conducts research to understand the genetics of the malaria-causing pathogen Plasmodium falciparum , the causative agent of the most deadly form of human malaria. [12] [22] DeRisi's group has developed candidate drugs to cure malaria. [23] In 2011, the group determined the function of the apicoplast, a unique organelle in apicomplexans, identifying the target of an anti-malarial drug that was a preclinical candidate. [24] [25]

In 2016, DeRisi became the co-president of the newly established CZ Biohub, alongside Stephen Quake. [26] After joining CZ Biohub, DeRisi established a team of developers to create a cloud-based metagenomic diagnostic platform based on code from his lab at UCSF. The platform, then named IDSeq, was initially launched for testing by a small group in 2018. [27] [17] The development and computing costs were backed by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and CZ Biohub. [17] The platform is used to rapidly identify pathogens from metagenomic sequencing data, [28] and as of 2022 is known as CZ-ID. [29]

In 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, DeRisi led a team that turned an empty lab space adjacent to the CZ Biohub into a CLIA-certified COVID-19 testing facility in eight days. [30] [31] CLIAhub became one of the nation's leading COVID-19 testing centers, processing thousands of tests per day and becoming a model for the nation. [32] [33] [34] DeRisi’s early warning of the pandemic and development of rapid testing technology was documented by Michael Lewis in his book The Premonition: A Pandemic Story. [35] [36] At the same time, DeRisi became an active proponent of developing a national COVID-19 surveillance system to identify and monitor mutations in the COVID-19 virus. [37] [38] [33]

Awards and honors

And Membership in scientific organizations would contain:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaria</span> Mosquito-borne infectious disease

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other vertebrates. Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.

<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Protozoan species of malaria parasite

Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. It is responsible for around 50% of all malaria cases. P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. It is also associated with the development of blood cancer and is classified as a Group 2A (probable) carcinogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fosmidomycin</span> Chemical compound

Fosmidomycin is an antibiotic that was originally isolated from culture broths of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. It specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase, a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. It is a structural analogue of 2-C-methyl-D-erythrose 4-phosphate. It inhibits the E. coli enzyme with a KI value of 38 nM (4), MTB at 80 nM, and the Francisella enzyme at 99 nM. Several mutations in the E. coli DXP reductoisomerase were found to confer resistance to fosmidomycin.

<i>Plasmodium berghei</i> Single celled parasite, rodent malaria

Plasmodium berghei is a single-celled parasite causing rodent malaria. It is in the Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia.

An apicoplast is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium spp., but not in others such as Cryptosporidium. It originated from algae through secondary endosymbiosis; there is debate as to whether this was a green or red alga. The apicoplast is surrounded by four membranes within the outermost part of the endomembrane system. The apicoplast hosts important metabolic pathways like fatty acid synthesis, isoprenoid precursor synthesis and parts of the heme biosynthetic pathway.

Malaria vaccines are vaccines that prevent malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which annually affects an estimated 247 million people worldwide and causes 619,000 deaths. The first approved vaccine for malaria is RTS,S, known by the brand name Mosquirix. As of April 2023, the vaccine has been given to 1.5 million children living in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission. It requires at least three doses in infants by age 2, and a fourth dose extends the protection for another 1–2 years. The vaccine reduces hospital admissions from severe malaria by around 30%.

PfATP6, also known as PfSERCA or PfATPase6, is a calcium ATPase gene encoded by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The protein is thought to be a P-type ATPase involved in calcium ion transport.

Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) or placental malaria is a presentation of the common illness that is particularly life-threatening to both mother and developing fetus. PAM is caused primarily by infection with Plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous of the four species of malaria-causing parasites that infect humans. During pregnancy, a woman faces a much higher risk of contracting malaria and of associated complications. Prevention and treatment of malaria are essential components of prenatal care in areas where the parasite is endemic – tropical and subtropical geographic areas. Placental malaria has also been demonstrated to occur in animal models, including in rodent and non-human primate models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RTS,S</span> Malaria vaccine

RTS,S/AS01 is a recombinant protein-based malaria vaccine. It is one of two malaria vaccines approved. As of April 2022, the vaccine has been given to 1 million children living in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission, with millions more doses to be provided as the vaccine's production expands. 18 million doses have been allocated for 2023-2025. It requires at least three doses in infants by age 2, with a fourth dose extending the protection for another 1–2 years. The vaccine reduces hospital admissions from severe malaria by around 30% and reduces toddler deaths by 15%.

Russell J. Howard is an Australian-born executive, entrepreneur and scientist. He was a pioneer in the fields of molecular parasitology, especially malaria, and in leading the commercialisation of one of the most important methods used widely today in molecular biology today called “DNA shuffling" or "Molecular breeding", a form of "Directed evolution".

Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, or simply Biohub, is a nonprofit research organization. In addition to supporting and conducting original research, CZ Biohub acts as a hub and fosters science collaboration between UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco (UCSF) and Stanford. The Biohub is funded by a $600 million contribution from Facebook CEO and founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan. It was co-led by Stephen Quake and Joseph DeRisi from its inception in 2016 until 2022, when Quake left to become president of the Biohub Network. Sandra Schmid joined as Chief Scientific Officer in 2020.

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a family of proteins present on the membrane surface of red blood cells that are infected by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PfEMP1 is synthesized during the parasite's blood stage inside the RBC, during which the clinical symptoms of falciparum malaria are manifested. Acting as both an antigen and adhesion protein, it is thought to play a key role in the high level of virulence associated with P. falciparum. It was discovered in 1984 when it was reported that infected RBCs had unusually large-sized cell membrane proteins, and these proteins had antibody-binding (antigenic) properties. An elusive protein, its chemical structure and molecular properties were revealed only after a decade, in 1995. It is now established that there is not one but a large family of PfEMP1 proteins, genetically regulated (encoded) by a group of about 60 genes called var. Each P. falciparum is able to switch on and off specific var genes to produce a functionally different protein, thereby evading the host's immune system. RBCs carrying PfEMP1 on their surface stick to endothelial cells, which facilitates further binding with uninfected RBCs, ultimately helping the parasite to both spread to other RBCs as well as bringing about the fatal symptoms of P. falciparum malaria.

Moses R Kamya, is a Ugandan physician, academic, researcher and academic administrator, who serves as Professor and Chair of the Department Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, a component of Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

Utpal Shashikant Tatu is an Indian molecular biologist, biochemist and a professor and Chairman of the department of biochemistry of the Indian Institute of Science. He is known for his research on infectious disease such as malaria and other neglected tropical diseases of global relevance. He is one of the first proponents of "One Health" concept to control infectious disease outbreaks. Tatu is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2008. Tatu is a proponent of the One Health approach. The 'One Health' approach advocates designing and implementing strategies, policies and carrying out scientific research which involves collaboration between multiple sectors that will lead to major public health outcomes.

Wai-Hong Tham is a Malaysian professor at the University of Melbourne and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), and joint head of the division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defense. She researches the molecular biology of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.

Katherine Snowden Pollard is the Director of the Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology and a professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She is a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator. She was awarded Fellowship of the International Society for Computational Biology in 2020 and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2021 for outstanding contributions to computational biology and bioinformatics.

Donald "Don" Emil Ganem is an American physician, virologist, professor emeritus of microbiology and medicine, and former global head of infectious disease research at Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR).

Sanjeev Krishna,, is a British physician and parasitologist whose research focuses on affordable diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as COVID-19, malaria, Ebola, African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and colorectal cancer. Krishna is Professor of Medicine and Molecular Parasitology at St George's, University of London and St George's Hospital.

Stephen L. Hoffman is an American physician-scientist, tropical medicine specialist and vaccinologist, who is the founder and chief executive and scientific officer of Sanaria Inc., a company dedicated to developing PfSPZ vaccines to prevent malaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David A. Fidock</span>

David A. Fidock, is the CS Hamish Young Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Professor of Medical Sciences at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in Manhattan.

References

  1. ↑ "Dr. Joe Derisi". San Juan Education Foundation. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Sandler Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research: Our Leadership". UCSF Sandler Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  3. ↑ DeRisi, Joseph L. (1999). The Analysis of whole genome gene expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SearchWorks Stanford (Thesis). OCLC   80580640 . Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  4. 1 2 Kahn, Jennifer (2006-12-02). "New Chips on the Block" (PDF). The Economist Technology Quarterly. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  5. 1 2 Adams, Amy. "PhD alum Joe DeRisi brings innovation to the masses". Stanford Medicine Magazine. Vol. Summer 2002. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  6. 1 2 3 Hopkin, Karen (2005-11-20). "SARS, Malaria, and the Microarray". The Scientist Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  7. ↑ DeRisi, JL; Iyer, VR; Brown, PO (1997). "Exploring the metabolic and genetic control of gene expression on a genomic scale". Science. 278 (5338): 680–6. Bibcode:1997Sci...278..680D. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.335.7937 . doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.680. PMID   9381177.
  8. ↑ DeRisi, J; Penland, L; Brown, PO; Bittner, ML; Meltzer, PS; Ray, M; Chen, Y; Su, YA; Trent, JM (1996). "Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer". Nat Genet. 14 (4): 457–60. doi:10.1038/ng1296-457. PMID   8944026. S2CID   23091561.
  9. ↑ Llinas, Manuel; Bozdech, Zbynek; Wong, Edith D.; Adai, Alex T.; Derisi, Joseph L. (2006), "Comparative whole genome transcriptome analysis of three Plasmodium falciparum strains", Nucleic Acids Research, 34 (4): 1166–73, doi:10.1093/nar/gkj517, PMC   1380255 , PMID   16493140
  10. ↑ Rota, Paul A.; Oberste, M. Steven; Monroe, Stephan S.; Nix, W. Allan; Campagnoli, Ray; Icenogle, Joseph P.; Penaranda, Silvia; Bankamp, Bettina; Maher, Kaija; Bellini, William J. (2003), "Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", Science, 300 (5624): 1394–9, Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1394R, doi: 10.1126/science.1085952 , PMID   12730500
  11. ↑ Wang, D; Coscoy, L; Zylberberg, M; Avila, PC; Boushey, HA; Ganem, D; DeRisi, JL (2002). "Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 (24): 15687–92. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9915687W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242579699 . PMC   137777 . PMID   12429852.
  12. 1 2 3 Russell, Sabin (2004-09-28). "THE MACARTHUR GRANTS: BAY AREA PROFILES / His quick work on SARS gave crucial answers". SF Gate. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  13. 1 2 3 Kahn, Jennifer (2021-06-03). "The Disease Detective". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  14. ↑ "Joseph DeRisi". Macarthur Foundation. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  15. ↑ O'Brien, Jennifer (2005-03-22). "Two UCSF Scientists Named Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators | UC San Francisco". UCSF. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  16. ↑ "Joseph L. DeRisi" (Text). HHMI. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  17. 1 2 3 Yong, Ed (2018-10-16). "A Simpler Way to Get to the Bottom of Mysterious Illnesses in Poor Countries". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  18. ↑ Dubey, Divyanshu; Mandel-Brehm, Caleigh (July 4, 2019). "Kelch-like Protein 11 Antibodies in Seminoma-Associated Paraneoplastic Encephalitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 381 (1): 47–54. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1816721 . PMC   6800027 . PMID   31269365.
  19. ↑ "UCSF Sleuths Identify Suspects in Mystery of Vanishing Honeybees". UCSF.com. 25 April 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  20. 1 2 Allday, Erin (July 15, 2019). "Rare disease discovery: Antibodies fighting cancer go on to attack brain". sfchronicle.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  21. ↑ Mandel-Brehm, Caleigh; Dubey, Divyanshu; Kryzer, Thomas J.; O’Donovan, Brian D.; Tran, Baouyen; Vazquez, Sara E.; Sample, Hannah A.; Zorn, Kelsey C.; Khan, Lillian M.; Bledsoe, Ian O.; McKeon, Andrew; Pleasure, Samuel J.; Lennon, Vanda A.; DeRisi, Joseph L.; Wilson, Michael R.; Pittock, Sean J. (2019-07-04). "Kelch-like Protein 11 Antibodies in Seminoma-Associated Paraneoplastic Encephalitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 381 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1816721. ISSN   0028-4793. PMC   6800027 . PMID   31269365 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  22. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (2003-08-12). "New Chink in the Armor Of the Malaria Parasite". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  23. ↑ Jiménez-Díaz, María; Ebert, Daniel (December 1, 2014). "(+)-SJ733, a clinical candidate for malaria that acts through ATP4 to induce rapid host-mediated clearance of Plasmodium". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (50): E5455-62. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111E5455J. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1414221111 . PMC   4273362 . PMID   25453091.
  24. ↑ Palca, Joe (2011-08-30). "A Remnant From Algae In Malaria Parasite May Prove Its Weakness". NPR. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  25. ↑ Yeh, Ellen; DeRisi, Joseph L. (2011-08-30). "Chemical Rescue of Malaria Parasites Lacking an Apicoplast Defines Organelle Function in Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum". PLOS Biology. 9 (8): –1001138. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001138 . ISSN   1545-7885. PMC   3166167 . PMID   21912516.
  26. ↑ DeFrancesco, Laura (2020-09-11). "The making of the Biohub". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (10): 1116–1120. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0685-y . ISSN   1546-1696. PMID   32918057. S2CID   221637469.
  27. ↑ Molteni, Megan (2020-03-10). "A Disease Tracker Backed by Gates and Zuckerberg Tackles Covid-19". Wired. ISSN   1059-1028 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  28. ↑ Kalantar, Katrina L; Carvalho, Tiago; de Bourcy, Charles F A; Dimitrov, Boris; Dingle, Greg; Egger, Rebecca; Han, Julie; Holmes, Olivia B; Juan, Yun-Fang; King, Ryan; Kislyuk, Andrey (October 2020). "IDseq—An open source cloud-based pipeline and analysis service for metagenomic pathogen detection and monitoring". GigaScience. 9 (10). doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa111 . ISSN   2047-217X. PMC   7566497 . PMID   33057676.
  29. ↑ Mick, Eran; Tsitsiklis, Alexandra; Spottiswoode, Natasha; Caldera, Saharai; Serpa, Paula Hayakawa; Detweiler, Angela M.; Neff, Norma; Pisco, Angela Oliveira; Li, Lucy M.; Retallack, Hanna; Ratnasiri, Kalani; Williamson, Kayla M.; Soesanto, Victoria; Simões, Eric A. F.; Smith, Christiana; Abuogi, Lisa; Kistler, Amy; Wagner, Brandie D.; DeRisi, Joseph L.; Ambroggio, Lilliam; Mourani, Peter M.; Langelier, Charles R. (2022-07-08). "Upper airway gene expression shows a more robust adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in children". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 3937. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31600-0. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   9263813 . PMID   35803954.
  30. ↑ "A Model for the Nation: Building a COVID-19 Testing Lab in Only Eight Days". chanzuckerberg.com. October 21, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  31. ↑ Lewis, Michael (April 16, 2020). "The Covid Test Lab That Could Save America". bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  32. ↑ Lewis, Michael (May 8, 2020). "Armed With Swabs, Covid Hunters Stalk Their Prey". bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  33. 1 2 Lewis, Michael (June 21, 2020). "The New Weapon in the Covid-19 War". bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  34. ↑ Lewis, Michael (April 7, 2020). "In Berkeley, Hunting Toilet Paper and Dodging Hikers". bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  35. ↑ Confessore, Nicholas (2021-05-06). "Michael Lewis Chronicles the Story of Covid's Cassandras". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  36. ↑ O’Connell, Mark (2021-05-05). "The Premonition by Michael Lewis review – a pandemic story". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  37. ↑ Dunn, Lauren (January 8, 2021). "As U.K. variant spreads in U.S., scientists warn that country isn't doing enough to track Covid strains". NBCNews.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  38. ↑ Allday, Erin (January 23, 2021). "The inside story of how the Bay Area coronavirus variant was discovered". sfchronicle.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  39. ↑ "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science". National Academy of Sciences. 2014. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  40. ↑ "California Academy of Sciences Welcomes New Fellows, Bestows Annual Awards". calacademy.org. October 4, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  41. ↑ "65 Fellows Elected into the American Academy of Microbiology". asm.org. February 16, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  42. ↑ "Joseph L. DeRisi". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  43. ↑ National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected, News from the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, May 3, 2016, archived from the original on May 6, 2016, retrieved 2016-05-14.
  44. ↑ Bai, Nina (October 17, 2016). "3 UCSF Faculty Elected to the National Academy of Medicine for 2016". ucsf.edu. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.