Related Research Articles
The Cherokee are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century,they were concentrated in their homelands,in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina,southeastern Tennessee,southwestern Virginia,edges of western South Carolina,northern Georgia,and northeastern Alabama.
The Trail of Tears was an ethnic cleansing and forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government. As part of the Indian removal,members of the Cherokee,Muscogee (Creek),Seminole,Chickasaw,and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega,Georgia,in 1828,resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.
Worcester v. Georgia,31 U.S. 515 (1832),was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional. The opinion is most famous for its dicta,which laid out the relationship between tribes and the state and federal governments. It is considered to have built the foundations of the doctrine of tribal sovereignty in the United States.
Diane Edith Watson is a former American politician who served as US Representative for California's 33rd congressional district,serving from 2003 until 2011,after first being elected in the 32nd District in a 2001 special election. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is located entirely in Los Angeles County and includes much of Central Los Angeles,as well as such wealthy neighborhoods as Los Feliz.
The Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936 is a United States federal law that extended the 1934 Wheeler-Howard or Indian Reorganization Act to include those tribes within the boundaries of the state of Oklahoma. The purpose of these acts were to rebuild Indian tribal societies,return land to the tribes,enable tribes to rebuild their governments,and emphasize Native culture. These Acts were developed by John Collier,Commissioner of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945,who wanted to change federal Indian policy from the "twin evils" of allotment and assimilation,and support Indian self-government.
Jesse Bartley Milam (1884–1949) was best known as the first Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation appointed by a U.S. president since tribal government had been dissolved before Oklahoma Statehood in 1907. He was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941,who reappointed him in 1942 and 1943;he was reappointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1948. He died while in office in 1949.
The Cherokee Nation,also known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma,is the largest of three Cherokee federally recognized tribes in the United States. It includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated,due to increasing pressure,from the Southeast to Indian Territory and Cherokee who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen,Absentee Shawnee,and Natchez Nation. As of 2023,over 450,000 people were enrolled in the Cherokee Nation.
Devon Abbott Mihesuah is a Choctaw historian and writer. She is a former editor of American Indian Quarterly and an enrolled citizen of the Choctaw Nation. She is the Cora Lee Beers Price Professor in the Humanities Program at the University of Kansas. She is the second Native woman to receive a named/distinguished professorship. Her lineage is well-documented in multiple tribal records. Her great,great,great grandfather signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. His son,Charles Wilson,served as sheriff and treasurer of Sugar Loaf County in Moshulatubbee District of the Choctaw Nation. His murder in 1884 is documented in Choctaw Crime and Punishment and Roads of my Relations. Her great-grandfather,Thomas Abbott,created the blueprints for the town of McAlester,Oklahoma and his son,Thomas,served as Chief of Police. They are chronicled in "'Gentleman' Tom Abbott:Middleweight Champion of the Southwest," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 68:426–437.
Samuel Austin Worcester,was an American missionary to the Cherokee,translator of the Bible,printer,and defender of the Cherokee sovereignty. He collaborated with Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) in Georgia to establish the Cherokee Phoenix, the first Native American newspaper,which was printed in both English and the Cherokee syllabary. The Cherokee gave Worcester the honorary name A-tse-nu-sti,which translates to "messenger" in English.
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 is a United States federal law that governs jurisdiction over the removal of American Indian children from their families in custody,foster care and adoption cases.
The Cherokee Freedmen controversy was a political and tribal dispute between the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and descendants of the Cherokee Freedmen regarding the issue of tribal membership. The controversy had resulted in several legal proceedings between the two parties from the late 20th century to August 2017.
This is a timeline of events in the history of the Cherokee Nation,from its earliest appearance in historical records to modern court cases in the United States. Some basic content about the removal of other southeastern tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River is included. In a series of treaties,these tribes ceded land to the United States.
Kimberly Teehee is a Native American attorney,politician,and activist on Native American issues. She is a Delegate-designate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Cherokee Nation. She served as senior policy advisor for Native American affairs in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2012. In February of 2020,she was named by Time as one of 16 activists fighting for a "More Equal America."
The Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky (SCNK) is an unrecognized tribe based in Kentucky. The SCNK states it had an estimated one thousand members as of 2009,living in several US states,and that it is "not affiliated with any other group calling themselves Southern Cherokee" or any officially recognized Cherokee nations.
Mary Kathryn Nagle is a playwright and an attorney specializing in tribal sovereignty of Native nations and peoples. She was born in Oklahoma City,OK,and is an enrolled citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. She previously served as the executive director of the Yale Indigenous Performing Arts Program (YIPAP) from 2015 to 2019.
Narcissa Chisholm Owen was a Native American educator,memoirist,and artist of the late 19th and early 20th century. She was the daughter of Old Settler Cherokee Chief Thomas Chisholm,wife of Virginia state senator Robert L. Owen Sr. and mother of U.S. Senator Robert Latham Owen Jr. and Major William Otway Owen. Narcissa Owen is most recognized for her Memoirs written in 1907,where she narrates accounts of her life along with the stories and culture of her Cherokee relatives.
Sovereignty is a play written by American lawyer and playwright Mary Kathryn Nagle. The play revolves around Cherokee lawyer Sarah Ridge Polson's battle to reinstate the Cherokee Nation's sovereignty and jurisdiction. She also must face the ghosts of her ancestors and the struggles they faced when signing a decisive treaty that led to the removal of the Nation from their land.
This Land is an American political podcast produced and distributed by Crooked Media and Cadence13,and hosted by Rebecca Nagle. The podcast debuted on June 3,2019 and follows the United States Supreme Court case Sharp v. Murphy. In addition,the podcast discusses various native issues such as land rights,sovereignty issues,and the Indian Child Welfare Act.
Mary Jane "Mollie" Ross was born in Tennessee to the most prominent Cherokee family of the nineteenth century. The Ross family led the Cherokee Nation through some of its most tumultuous historical events,including the Trail of Tears and the American Civil War. Ross was the daughter of Lewis Ross (1796-1871) and Francis "Fannie" (Holt) Ross (1789-1860). Her paternal uncle John Ross was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1828 until his death in 1866. Her father,Lewis Ross,was a merchant,planter,and Treasurer of the Cherokee Nation. She had the following ten siblings:Minerva A.,John McDonald,Araminta,Robert Daniel,Amanda Melvina,Henry Clay,Sarah,Helen,Jack Spears,and Sarah Elizabeth Ross. Born to affluence and a would-be domestic life of leisure,Ross excelled in her studies,was a talented musician,contributed to the support and aid of Cherokee orphans after the Civil War,and endured a life uprooted by the forced removal of the Cherokee people on the Trail of Tears,followed by the hardships of the Civil War. Upon her husband's death,Ross took up the work of authoring and editing large portions of his biography which she submitted for publication to the Library of Congress.
The Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives is an office established via the Treaty of New Echota in 1835. The office was intended to represent the Cherokee people and was instrumental in negotiations of land transfer and sovereignty in the Treaty. The office went vacant until 2019,with the appointment of Kimberly Teehee of the Cherokee Nation. Teehee and tribal leadership attempted to get her seated in the 116th and 117th United States Congresses. In 2021,the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians designated their own delegate,lawyer Victoria Holland.
References
- 1 2 3 "Julie Reed – Department of History" . Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- ↑ "Family and nation: Cherokee orphan care, 1835-1903". cdr.lib.unc.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "A Nation's Charge: Cherokee Social Services, 1835-1907". cdr.lib.unc.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "Serving the Nation". University of Oklahoma Press. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "Serving the Nation: Cherokee Sovereignty and Social Welfare, 1800-1907 | Quest Research Magazine". 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ Denson, Andrew (2017-04-01). "Serving the Nation: Cherokee Sovereignty and Social Welfare, 1800–1907". Ethnohistory. 64 (2): 337–338. doi:10.1215/00141801-3789433. ISSN 0014-1801.
- ↑ Confer, Clarissa W. (2017-12-01). "Serving the Nation: Cherokee Sovereignty and Social Welfare, 1800–1907". Journal of American History. 104 (3): 767. doi:10.1093/jahist/jax348. ISSN 0021-8723.
- ↑ Stremlau, Rose (2016). "Review of Serving the Nation: Cherokee Sovereignty and Social Welfare, 1800-1907". The North Carolina Historical Review. 93 (4): 408–409. ISSN 0029-2494. JSTOR 44114479.
- ↑ "Cooper Lecture will focus on violence against indigenous women". www.wcu.edu. 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "New Book on Cherokee Nation's History Gets NEH Grant Support". Davidson. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "10 Experts Pick U.S. Historic Places That Are Actually Worth Visiting". Time. 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "New exhibit looks at Native Americans' impact on US culture". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "Elizabeth Warren, what were you thinking? Her DNA stunt does a disservice to Native Americans". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ Reed, Julie (2022-12-09). "Julie Reed: Cherokee Nation wants to send a delegate to the House — it's an idea older than Congress itself". TribLIVE.com. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "Past Newberry Fellows". Newberry Library. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "Past Fellows | SMU Dedman College of Humanities & Sciences". www.smu.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ↑ "The Spencer Foundation". www.spencer.org. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
