KLK14

Last updated
KLK14
Identifiers
Aliases KLK14 , KLK-L6, kallikrein related peptidase 14
External IDs OMIM: 606135 MGI: 2447564 HomoloGene: 69348 GeneCards: KLK14
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

43847

317653

Ensembl

ENSG00000129437

ENSMUSG00000044737

UniProt

Q9P0G3

Q8CGR5

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001311182
NM_022046
NM_001369775

NM_174866

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001298111
NP_071329
NP_001356704

NP_777355

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 51.08 – 51.08 Mb Chr 7: 43.34 – 43.34 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Kallikrein-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK14 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer, skin disorders and other disease biomarkers. [8] This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Apart from its common transcript, an additional transcript variant has been described but its difference in function and full length nature has not been determined. [7]

KLK14 displays optimal trypsin-like activity at an alkaline pH of 8.0 and remains active in the pH ranges of 5.0 - 9.0 and is produced as a zymogen, but can function also in a chymotrypsin-like fashion. [9] Activation of KLK14 is mediated by KLK5 and after KLK14 activation, it further amplifies the activity of KLK proteases by a positive feedback loop via cleavage of pro-KLK5, which is a central player in KLK cascade. [10] [11] KLK14 function has not yet been fully elucidated, but its most notable substrate is PAR2. [12] [13] Its activity is inhibited by a wide variety of proteins, like macroglobulins, serpins, and the serine protease inhibitor lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) and also micro-environmental pH; and single-metal-ion inhibitors of KLKs among others. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stratum corneum</span> Outermost layer of the epidermis

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis. The human stratum corneum comprises several levels of flattened corneocytes that are divided into two layers: the stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum. The skin's protective acid mantle and lipid barrier sit on top of the stratum disjunctum. The stratum disjunctum is the uppermost and loosest layer of skin. The stratum compactum is the comparatively deeper, more compacted and more cohesive part of the stratum corneum. The corneocytes of the stratum disjunctum are larger, more rigid and more hydrophobic than that of the stratum compactum.

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases, enzymes capable of cleaving peptide bonds in proteins. In humans, plasma kallikrein has no known paralogue, while tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encode a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases. These genes are localised to chromosome 19q13, forming the largest contiguous cluster of proteases within the human genome. Kallikreins are responsible for the coordination of various physiological functions including blood pressure, semen liquefaction and skin desquamation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK1 gene. KLK1 is a member of the peptidase S1 family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK2 gene, and is particularly associated with prostatic tissue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK10</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK10 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kallikrein-5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-5, formerly known as stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE), is a serine protease expressed in the epidermis. In humans it is encoded by the KLK5 gene. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its expression is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK4</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KLK4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LEKTI</span>

Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINK5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SERPINB6</span>

Serpin B6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the KLK7 gene. KLK7 was initially purified from the epidermis and characterised as stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE). It was later identified as the seventh member of the human kallikrein family, which includes fifteen homologous serine proteases located on chromosome 19 (19q13).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK13</span> Gene of the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK13 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK15</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK15 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK12</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK12 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-related peptidase 9 also known as KLK9 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the KLK9 gene.

Sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) is a small, circular peptide produced in sunflower seeds, and is a potent inhibitor of trypsin. It is the smallest known member of the Bowman-Birk family of serine protease inhibitors.

Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Kallikrein 8 is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129437 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044737 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, et al. (June 2006). "A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins". Biological Chemistry. 387 (6): 637–41. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.082. PMID   16800724. S2CID   436200.
  6. ↑ "Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Kallikreins, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1-3 , 2005". Biological Chemistry. 387 (6): 635–824. June 2006. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.081. PMID   16800723. S2CID   83910246.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: KLK14 kallikrein-related peptidase 14".
  8. ↑ Prassas I, Eissa A, Poda G, Diamandis EP (March 2015). "Unleashing the therapeutic potential of human kallikrein-related serine proteases". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 14 (3): 183–202. doi:10.1038/nrd4534. PMID   25698643. S2CID   38090565.
  9. ↑ Emami N, Diamandis EP (December 2007). "New insights into the functional mechanisms and clinical applications of the kallikrein-related peptidase family". Molecular Oncology. 1 (3): 269–87. doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2007.09.003. PMC   5543873 . PMID   19383303.
  10. ↑ Brattsand M, Stefansson K, Lundh C, Haasum Y, Egelrud T (January 2005). "A proteolytic cascade of kallikreins in the stratum corneum". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 124 (1): 198–203. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23547.x . PMID   15654974.
  11. ↑ Eissa A, Diamandis EP (June 2008). "Human tissue kallikreins as promiscuous modulators of homeostatic skin barrier functions". Biological Chemistry. 389 (6): 669–80. doi:10.1515/bc.2008.079. PMID   18627299. S2CID   30602024.
  12. ↑ Hachem JP, Man MQ, Crumrine D, Uchida Y, Brown BE, Rogiers V, et al. (September 2005). "Sustained serine proteases activity by prolonged increase in pH leads to degradation of lipid processing enzymes and profound alterations of barrier function and stratum corneum integrity". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 125 (3): 510–20. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23838.x . PMID   16117792.
  13. ↑ Hachem JP, Wagberg F, Schmuth M, Crumrine D, Lissens W, Jayakumar A, et al. (July 2006). "Serine protease activity and residual LEKTI expression determine phenotype in Netherton syndrome". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 126 (7): 1609–21. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700288 . PMID   16601670.
  14. ↑ Swedberg JE, Veer SJ, Harris JM (2012). "Natural, engineered and synthetic inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases.". In Magdolen V, Sommerhoff CP, Fritz H, Schmitt M (eds.). Kallikrein-Related Peptidases. Vol. 1: Characterization, regulation, and interactions within the proteas e. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. pp. 141–160. doi:10.1515/9783110260373.141. ISBN   978-3-11-026037-3.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.