KV47

Last updated
KV47
Burial site of Siptah
Sarcophage SiptahKV47.JPG
The sarcophagus of Siptah in the burial chamber
Egypt adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
KV47
Coordinates 25°44′20.6″N32°35′59.9″E / 25.739056°N 32.599972°E / 25.739056; 32.599972 Coordinates: 25°44′20.6″N32°35′59.9″E / 25.739056°N 32.599972°E / 25.739056; 32.599972
Location East Valley of the Kings
Discovered18 December 1905
Excavated by Edward R. Ayrton (1905–1907)
Harry Burton (1912–1913)
Howard Carter (1922)
MISR Project: Mission Siptah-Ramses X (1999–present)
DecorationLitany of Re; Amduat; Book of the Dead; Maat
← Previous
KV46
Next →
KV48

Tomb KV47, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Siptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty. It was discovered on December 18, 1905 by Edward R. Ayrton, excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis; Siptah's mummy had been found earlier, cached in KV35. [1] It was the last of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasty kings tombs to be uncovered in the Valley. [2] Ayrton stopped his excavation in 1907 due to safety fears, and Harry Burton returned in 1912 to dig further. The cutting of a side passage was halted after the workmen cut into Side Chamber Ja of the tomb of Tia'a (KV32). The tomb was unfinished at the time of its use. [3]

Contents

Location, discovery, and layout

Plan of the tomb, from Burton's excavations Plan siptah burton winlock.jpg
Plan of the tomb, from Burton's excavations

KV47 is located in a bay at the southern end of the Valley of the Kings, close to the contemporary tombs of Seti II (KV15), Bay (KV13), and Twosret (KV14). Unlike these tombs, which are cut into the cliff face, this tomb was cut into a tongue of rock running north to south that separates the bay from the main valley. [4]

In November 1905 Davis secured Ayrton as his excavator, looking to continue his systematic clearance of the Valley. [1] The investigation began by systematically running trenches towards the rock face at regular intervals, [4] encountering the top of a flight of steps on 18 December 1905. [1] The entrance had been buried at a depth of 6–12 feet (1.8–3.7 m) in chippings and debris from the construction of the surrounding tombs. After a day of excavation the top of the lintel was revealed, bearing the cartouches of Siptah, who had, until that point, been thought to share the tomb of Twosret. [4]

The tomb layout consists of a ramp flanked by stairs leading down to a large stucco-covered doorway. The jambs bear the king's names and titles while the lintel depicts Isis and Nephthys adoring the sun in the form of Khnum-Kheper-Re. The entrance was once sealed by large wooden doors, as evidenced by the sockets cut into the floor and ceiling. The tomb then progresses through three hallways, which are alternately descending and flat; small niches are cut on either side at the far end of the third corridor. Next is a square chamber with a level floor, followed by a pillared hall with four columns; only one unstable column remains. A descending staircase cut into the middle of the floor leads to two further corridors. [4] A vestibule and antechamber adjoin the Sepulchral Hall or burial chamber, which measures 9.30 by 13.50 metres (30.5 ft × 44.3 ft). Four columns arranged across the width of the chamber once supported the flat section of the roof; the rest of the chamber has a vaulted ceiling. [3]

Ayrton considered the layout of the tomb to be similar to that of KV14, [5] and in the general style of the period of its construction. [4] However, there are several unusual features: Two descending corridors, instead of the conventional corridor and stairway, lead from the pillared hall; the unfinished burial chamber lacks satellite storage chambers, perhaps due to the unstable nature of the rock. [6] Most unique is the passage commencement on the left side of the final corridor which was abandoned after it broke through into KV32, on the opposite side of the hill. [6] [3] It was intended to be the start of the original burial chamber, [7] or perhaps to provide the storage rooms. [6]

Excavation and contents

In the course of his investigation, Ayrton noted two distinct layers within the fill in the entrance and upper corridors: a lower level that reached the lintel and filled most of the corridors, and an upper level of flood-washed debris. An entrance had been dug into the lower layer and secured at the entrance by a wall of stacked limestone chips, indicating entry by later robbers or priests. [4]

He cleared as far as the chamber at the end of the sunken corridors which he found to be "most unsafe to work in" due to most of the ceiling having collapsed. Furthermore, water-deposited debris, consolidated into a hard mass, complicated any further excavation. Knowing that Siptah's mummy was among those found cached in KV35, and that the tomb was likely thoroughly looted in antiquity with any surviving objects presumed to be crushed under the weight of the collapsed ceiling as evidenced by what he identified as a single fragment of an alabaster sarcophagus, Ayrton decided to abandon the excavation. [4]

Henry Burton completed the excavation on behalf of Theodore Davis in 1912-13 "as no further collapse had occurred since Ayrton had abandoned it." [3] Ayrton had cleared the entrance corridors, tunnelling through the debris in the following chamber, pillared hall and corridors to reach the antechamber, which he partially cleared. Burton began by fully clearing the vestibule and adjoining lower corridor which proved difficult as the flood-washed debris and mud had set hard over time. The antechamber was cleared by 23 February 1912, and work began on the next corridor where the "rubbish was so tightly packed and tough that it was scarcely possible to distinguish it from the living rock." [3]

Work resumed on 16 December and on 2 January 1913 the Sepulchral Hall was reached. The flat front part of the ceiling had collapsed, along with the four columns that once supported it. The ceiling remained unstable, and a stone support pillar was built to support the most dangerous-looking section. This chamber was also choked with debris 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) deep at its shallowest. Upon finding it still contained the pink granite sarcophagus of the king, the temporary pillar was removed, and the most dangerous parts of the ceiling pulled down to stabilize the roof. The cartouche-shaped sarcophagus, measuring 10.25 by 5.25 feet (3.12 m × 1.60 m), was found in good condition with the lid lying face down beside it. The lid features the Osiride figure of the king flanked by Isis and Nephthys; the box is decorated with funerary texts, [3] and an alternating band of kheker-frieze and seated jackals, with underworld deities below. [6] Isis and Nephthys are also present at the head and foot ends. The contents of the huge box proved only to be a handful of bones from a later, Third Intermediate Period burial. [3]

The finds from the layers of debris included pottery of a Nineteenth or Twentieth Dynasty date, ostraka, ushabti of Siptah and Seti I, a piece of wood naming 'The Royal Mother Thiy', and pieces of an alabaster ushabti for a woman. [4] These pieces for Thiy (Tiaa) are now thought to be strays washed in from the adjacent KV32. [8] Their presence, together with the fragments of duplicate funerary furniture, had led to the assumption that Siptah had been interred together with his mother Tiaa. However, his mother is possibly a certain Sutailja; [9] though Dodson and Hilton see her instead as a wife of Ramesses II and the mother of his son Ramesses-Siptah. [10]

Burton first recovered the upper and lower halves of an alabaster ushabti with an ink inscription of Siptah's prenomen across two lower corridors; in the burial chamber many more whole and broken alabaster ushabti were found. Ten of these were given by Davis to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Also recovered from the burial chamber were many limestone jar lids decorated with a design of lotuses, along with numerous fragments of alabaster, presumably from the canopic box and other funerary furniture. [3] Among these fragments have been identified parts of two canopic chests, an alabaster sarcophagus, and two anthropoid coffins; unexpectedly some pieces bear the name of Merenptah. [6]

Howard Carter excavated in the entranceway of the tomb in 1922. [7]

Recent investigation

The tomb was re-examined in 2001/2002 and 2004/2005 as part of the University of Basel's MISR Project. Walls were cleaned and consolidated, revealing traces of decoration in the antechamber. The 2001/2002 season excavations outside the tomb entrance uncovered a Nineteenth Dynasty workmen's camp. Excavations east of the entrance in the 2004/2005 season uncovered pottery, fragments of a sarcophagus of unknown origin, as well as more fragments of Siptah and Tiaa's burial equipment. The modern wooden floor was removed from the burial chamber to permit a full clearance of the remaining debris; small fragments missing from Siptah's sarcophagus were located in the course of this work. [11] [12]

Decoration

Siptah receiving life, power, and strength from Ra-Horakhty Wall paintings in Siptah's tomb, Valley of Kings.jpg
Siptah receiving life, power, and strength from Ra-Horakhty

The outer corridors are plastered and decorated to a high standard. Immediately inside the entrance, Maat is depicted on either side seated on a basket supported by the plants of Upper and Lower Egypt. Beyond, on the left side, the king receives life, power, and strength from Ra-Horakhty. Scenes from the Litany of Re dominate the first passage, with further chapters in the second; chapters from the Book of the Dead also feature in the first and second corridors. Scenes from the Amduat once decorated the third corridor, though decoration here is mostly lost, with little trace of plaster remaining. [6] [4] The ceiling of the first corridor features vultures with outstretched wings; [4] "unbesmirched by soot and smoke they remain one of the finest examples of such ceilings in the Valley." [2] The second corridor has a ceiling painted with yellow stars on a blue background and a central band of inscription, taken from the Litany of Re. [4] Traces of decoration depicting chapters of the Amudat also remain in the antechamber. [12]

Recut cartouches

Throughout the tomb, the cartouches of Siptah were cut out then recarved; these changes are overlaid by the lower level of debris. [4] Spalinger suggested that this occurred in the Nineteenth Dynasty, with the erasures by Twosret and the restorations by Bay. [13] However, it is now known that Bay was executed in the fifth year of Siptah's reign. [14] Hartwig Altenmüller sees the erasure and restoration as part of an updating of the tomb. In this scenario, Twosret usurped the sarcophagus for her own burial; the updating of the names throughout the tomb occurred when it was returned in the reign of Setnakhte. [15] However, Twosret's own granite sarcophagus, later usurped for Prince Amenherkhepshef, was located by Altenmüller in his excavation of KV13. [16]

Possibly related to the altering of the cartouches is the find of an ostraca mentioning a gang of workmen:

Year 7, 2 Akhet [day] 1. Going up to complete the work in this place by the gang: (list of thirty-five workmen) [13]

Jaroslav Černý dates the inscription to the late Twentieth through early Twenty-first Dynasties. [17] Reeves suggests that, given the ostraca's association with the earlier entrance dug into the lower fill layer, it refers to the dismantling of the burial and removal of the king's body for reburial elsewhere. [13]

The cartouches on sarcophagus have also been recut, though as elsewhere, this does not necessarily mean the item was co-opted for the king's burial. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tomb of Tutankhamun</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb

The tomb of Tutankhamun, also known by its tomb number, KV62, is the burial place of Tutankhamun, a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, in the Valley of the Kings. The tomb consists of four chambers and an entrance staircase and corridor. It is smaller and less extensively decorated than other Egyptian royal tombs of its time, and it probably originated as a tomb for a non-royal individual that was adapted for Tutankhamun's use after his premature death. Like other pharaohs, Tutankhamun was buried with a wide variety of funerary objects and personal possessions, such as coffins, furniture, clothing and jewellery, though in the unusually limited space these goods had to be densely packed. Robbers entered the tomb twice in the years immediately following the burial, but Tutankhamun's mummy and most of the burial goods remained intact. The tomb's low position, dug into the floor of the valley, allowed its entrance to be hidden by debris deposited by flooding and tomb construction. Thus, unlike other tombs in the valley, it was not stripped of its valuables during the Third Intermediate Period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seti II</span> Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty

Seti II was the fifth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt and reigned from c. 1203 BC to 1197 BC. His throne name, Userkheperure Setepenre, means "Powerful are the manifestations of Re, the chosen one of Re." He was the son of Merneptah and Isetnofret II and sat on the throne during a period known for dynastic intrigue and short reigns, and his rule was no different. Seti II had to deal with many serious plots, most significantly the accession of a rival king named Amenmesse, possibly a half brother, who seized control over Thebes and Nubia in Upper Egypt during his second to fourth regnal years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twosret</span> Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty

Twosret, also spelled Tawosret or Tausret was the last known ruler and the final pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WV23</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Tomb WV23, also known as KV23, is located in the Western Valley of the Kings near modern-day Luxor, and was the final resting place of Pharaoh Ay of the Eighteenth Dynasty. The tomb was discovered by Giovanni Battista Belzoni in the winter of 1816. Its structure is similar to that of the tomb of Akhenaten, with a straight descending corridor, leading to a "well chamber" that has no shaft. This leads to the burial chamber, which now contains the reconstructed sarcophagus, which had been smashed in antiquity. The tomb had also been anciently desecrated, with many instances of Ay's image or name erased from the wall paintings. Its decoration is similar in content and colour to that of Tutankhamun (KV62), with a few differences. On the eastern wall there is a depiction of a fishing and fowling scene, which is not shown elsewhere in other royal tombs, normally appearing in burials of nobility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WV22</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Tomb WV22, also known as KV22, was the burial place of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. Located in the Western arm of the Valley of the Kings, the tomb is unique in that it has two subsidiary burial chambers for the pharaoh's wives Tiye and Sitamen. It was officially discovered by Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage, engineers with Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in August 1799, but had probably been open for some time. The tomb was first excavated by Theodore M. Davis, the details of which are lost. The first documented clearance was carried out by Howard Carter in 1915. Since 1989, a Japanese team from Waseda University led by Sakuji Yoshimura and Jiro Kondo has excavated and conserved the tomb. The sarcophagus is missing from the tomb. The tomb's layout and decoration follow the tombs of the king's predecessors, Amenhotep II (KV35) and Thutmose IV (KV43); however, the decoration is much finer in quality. Several images of the pharaoh's head have been cut out and can be seen today in the Louvre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV43</span> Tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV

Tomb KV43 is the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. It has a dog-leg shape, typical of the layout of early 18th Dynasty tombs. KV43 was rediscovered in 1903 by Howard Carter, excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV20</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings

KV20 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings (Egypt). It was probably the first royal tomb to be constructed in the valley. KV20 was the original burial place of Thutmose I and later was adapted by his daughter Hatshepsut to accommodate her and her father. The tomb was known to the Napoleonic expedition in 1799 and had been visited by several explorers between 1799 and 1903. A full clearance of the tomb was undertaken by Howard Carter in 1903–1904. KV20 is distinguishable from other tombs in the valley, both in its general layout and because of the atypical clockwise curvature of its corridors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV34</span> Tomb of ancient Egyptian Pharoah Thutmose III

Tomb KV34 in the Valley of the Kings was the tomb of 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV19</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Tomb KV19, located in a side branch of Egypt's Valley of the Kings, was intended as the burial place of Prince Ramesses Sethherkhepshef, better known as Pharaoh Ramesses VIII, but was later used for the burial of Prince Mentuherkhepshef instead, the son of Ramesses IX, who predeceased his father. Though incomplete and used "as is," the decoration is considered to be of the highest quality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV56</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb aka "Gold Tomb"

Tomb KV56, also known as the Gold Tomb, is a tomb located in the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, Egypt. It was discovered by Edward R. Ayrton in January 1908 and contained what is thought to be the intact burial of a royal child from the late Nineteenth Dynasty. The burial and casket have disintegrated, leaving a thin layer of gold leaf and stucco in the original location. Most famously the tomb contained spectacular gold and silver jewellery including earrings, rings, silver bracelets with the names of Seti II and Twosret inscribed, and a pair of small silver gloves. The original occupant of this tomb is unknown but was possibly an Eighteenth Dynasty queen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siptah</span> Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty

Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merenptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that Siptah later changed his royal name or nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather that his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV48</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb of noble Amenemipet called Pairy

Tomb KV48 is an ancient Egyptian tomb located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis, and contained the robbed burial of the Eighteenth Dynasty noble Amenemipet called Pairy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV1</span> Tomb of Ramesses VII

Tomb KV1, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses VII of the Twentieth Dynasty. Although it has been open since antiquity, it was only properly investigated and cleared by Edwin Brock in 1984 and 1985. The single corridor tomb is located in Luxor's West Bank, and is small in comparison to other tombs of the Twentieth Dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV57</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb of Pharoah Horemheb

Tomb KV57 is the royal tomb of Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty and is located in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV49</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb

Tomb KV49, located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt is a typical Eighteenth Dynasty corridor tomb. It was the first of a series of tombs discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton in the course of his excavations on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. The tomb was abandoned before it was completed, and the work was halted as the stairwell in the single chamber was being cut. It was probably used as a store for royal linen, or was used as a mummy-restoration area in the later New Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV50</span> Ancient Egyptian "animal tomb"

Tomb KV50 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. It was discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. Together with KV51 and KV52, it forms a group known as the "Animal Tombs". It contained the burial of a dog mummy and a mummified monkey and is probably associated with the nearby tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV51</span> Ancient Egyptian "animal tombs"

Tomb KV51 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. It was discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. The tomb, together with KV50 and KV52 forms a group of three known as the "Animal Tombs". It contained the burials of three monkeys, one baboon, one ibis and three ducks, and is probably associated with the nearby tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV52</span> Ancient Egyptian "animal tomb"

Tomb KV52 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. It was discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. Together with KV50 and KV51 it forms a group known as the "Animal Tombs", it contained a mummified monkey, and is probably associated with the nearby tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KV53</span> Ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Tomb KV53 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. It was discovered in 1906 by Edward R. Ayrton excavating on behalf of Theodore M. Davis. It has been excavated but never been fully planned, and consists of a single chamber at the end of a shaft.

The majority of the 65 numbered tombs in the Valley of the Kings can be considered minor tombs, either because at present they have yielded little information or because the results of their investigation was only poorly recorded by their explorers, while some have received very little attention or were only cursorily noted. Most of these tombs are small, often only consisting of a single burial chamber accessed by means of a shaft or a staircase with a corridor or a series of corridors leading to the chamber, but some are larger, multiple chambered tombs. These minor tombs served various purposes, some were intended for burials of lesser royalty or for private burials, some contained animal burials and others apparently never received a primary burial. In many cases these tombs also served secondary functions and later intrusive material has been found related to these secondary activities. While some of these tombs have been open since antiquity, the majority were discovered in the 19th and early 20th centuries during the height of exploration in the valley.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Davis, Theodore M.; Maspero, Gaston; Ayrton, Edward; Daressy, George; Jones, E. Harold (1908). The Tomb of Siptah; The Monkey Tomb and the Gold Tomb (PDF). London: Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd. p. 2. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 Romer, John (1981). Valley of the Kings. London: Book Club Associates. p. 207.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burton, Henry; Winlock, Herbert E.. (1916). "The Late Theodore M. Davis's Excavation at Thebes in 1912-13. I. The Excavation of the Rear Corridors and Sepulchral Chamber of the Tomb of King Siphtah". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 11 (1): 13–18. doi:10.2307/3253774. ISSN   0026-1521. JSTOR   3253774 . Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Davis, Theodore M.; Maspero, Gaston; Ayrton, Edward; Daressy, George; Jones, E. Harold (1908). The Tomb of Siptah; The Monkey Tomb and the Gold Tomb (PDF). London: Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd. pp. 11–15. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  5. ↑ Ayrton, Edward N. (1906). "Discovery of the Tomb of Si-Ptah in the Biban El Moluk, Thebes". Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. XXVIII: 96. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reeves, Nicholas; Wilkinson, Richard H. (1996). The Complete Valley of the Kings: Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs (2010 paperback ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 155–156. ISBN   978-0-500-28403-2.
  7. 1 2 "Siptah: Theban Mapping Project". thebanmappingproject.com. American Research Centre in Egypt. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dylan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2010 paperback ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p. 181. ISBN   978-0-500-28857-3.
  9. ↑ Schneider, Thomas (2003). "Siptah und Beja. Neubeurteilung einer historischen Konstellation". Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde (in German). 130: 134–146. doi:10.1524/zaes.2003.130.1.134. S2CID   192842131 . Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  10. ↑ Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dylan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2010 paperback ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p. 169. ISBN   978-0-500-28857-3.
  11. ↑ "Siptah KV 47". University of Basel MISR: Mission Siptah-Ramesses X (in Swiss High German). Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  12. 1 2 Jenni, Hanna. "MISR: Mission Siptah - Ramses X: Three royal tombs and a cluster of workers' huts in the Valley of the Kings". Archäologie Online (in German). Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 Reeves, C. N. (1990). Valley of the Kings: Decline of a royal necropolis. London: Kegan Paul International. pp. 106–107. ISBN   0-7103-0368-8.
  14. ↑ Grandet, Pierre (2000). "L'exécution du chancelier Bay. O. IFAO 1864". Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale (in French). 100: 339–345. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  15. ↑ Altenmüller, Hartwig (1983). "Bemerkungen zu den Königsgräbern des Neuen Reiches". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (in German). 10: 25–61. ISSN   0340-2215. JSTOR   44325726.
  16. ↑ Altenmüller, Hartwig (1994). "Dritter Vorbericht über die Arbeiten des Archäologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg am Grab des Bay (KV 13) im Tal der Könige von Theben". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (in German). 21: 1–18. ISSN   0340-2215. JSTOR   25152685.
  17. ↑ Černý, Jaroslav (1898-1970) (1930). Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire N°25675-25832 Ostraca hiératiques Tome I, Fasc. 1 (in French). Le Caire Imprimerie De L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale. p. 27. Retrieved 3 March 2021.

KV47 on the Theban Mapping Project

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.