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Names | |
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IUPAC name L-Lysyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.853 |
MeSH | Kallidin |
PubChem CID | |
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
C56H85N17O12 | |
Molar mass | 1188.403 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Kallidin belongs to the family kinins, which are the peptide hormones. [1] Kallidin is a decapeptide whose sequence is H-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-OH. Removal of the N-terminal lysine by Factor XII [2] , or to a leser extent aminopeptidase [3] yields the potently bioactive bradykinin molecule.
Kallidin is a bioactive kinin peptide formed in response to injury from kininogen precursors through the action of kallikreins. [4] Like all kinins, kallidin, the deca-peptide, plays an important role in several body pathologies. Kinins can regulate the blood pressure by increasing the level of vasopressor substances. [1] [5] They can also bind to the B1 and B2 cell surface receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors. [6] The mediation of the B1 receptors by des-Arg kinins as agonists can be expressed in several medical issues, such as cancer and trauma. [5] By binding to the B2 receptors, kinins, endogenous agonists, can regulate the vasodilatation and bronchioconstriction. [1]
Since kinins are peptides, they can be cleaved by the peptidases. Peptidases such as the serine peptidases, carboxypeptidase N and carboxypeptidase M cleave kinins into des-Arg-bradykinin and Lys-des-Arg-bradykinin. [7] [8]
Kallidin is identical to bradykinin with an additional lysine residue added at the N-terminal end and signals through the bradykinin receptor.[ citation needed ]
Despite exhibiting similar functions and reactivities, kinins can be differentiated by combining an amino-terminal-directed radioimmunoassay with a carboxy-terminal-directed radioimmunoassay in combination with HPLC. [1]