Plasma kallikrein

Plasma kallikrein
Identifiers
EC no.	3.4.21.34
CAS no.	410538-33-9
Alt. names	serum kallikrein, kininogenin, kallikrein I, kallikrein II, kininogenase, kallikrein, callicrein, glumorin, padreatin, padutin, kallidinogenase, bradykininogenase, panceatic kallikrein, onokrein P, dilminal D, depot-Padutin, urokallikrein, urinary kallikrein
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

KLKB1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4OGY, 2ANW, 4OGX, 4ZJ4, 2ANY, 4ZJ5, 4ZJ6
Identifiers
Aliases	KLKB1 , KLK3, PPK, PKKD, PKK, kallikrein B1
External IDs	OMIM: 229000; MGI: 102849; HomoloGene: 68097; GeneCards: KLKB1; OMA:KLKB1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human) [1] Band 4q35.2 Start 186,208,979 bp [1] End 186,258,471 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse) [2] Band 8 B1.1|8 25.17 cM Start 45,719,726 bp [2] End 45,747,896 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver gonad tendon of biceps brachii body of pancreas testicle pancreatic epithelial cell jejunal mucosa dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve middle temporal gyrus Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in left lobe of liver right lobe of liver spermatid sexually immature organism neural layer of retina epithelium of lens right kidney respiratory epithelium nose nasal epithelium More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function serine-type peptidase activity serine-type endopeptidase activity peptidase activity protein binding hydrolase activity Cellular component extracellular exosome plasma membrane extracellular region extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of fibrinolysis zymogen activation Factor XII activation proteolysis fibrinolysis plasminogen activation extracellular matrix disassembly inflammatory response hemostasis blood coagulation blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3818 16621 Ensembl ENSG00000164344 ENSMUSG00000109764 UniProt P03952 P26262 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000892 NM_001318394 NM_001318396 NM_008455 RefSeq (protein) NP_000883 NP_001305323 NP_001305325 NP_032481 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 186.21 – 186.26 Mb Chr 8: 45.72 – 45.75 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.34) is an enzyme ^{[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]} that catalyses the following chemical reaction:

Selective cleavage of some Arg- and Lys- bonds, including Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser in (human) kininogen to release bradykinin

Plasma kallikrein and its precursor are encoded by the KLKB1 gene. ^{[10] [11]}

This enzyme is formed from prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) by factor XIIa.

Function

Plasma prekallikrein is a glycoprotein that participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. It is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood as a single polypeptide chain. Plasma prekallikrein is converted to plasma kallikrein by factor XIIa by the cleavage of an internal Arg-Ile bond. Plasma kallikrein therefore is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain held together by a disulfide bond. The heavy chain originates from the amino-terminal end of the zymogen and contains 4 tandem repeats of 90 or 91 amino acids. Each repeat harbors a novel structure called the apple domain. The heavy chain is required for the surface-dependent pro-coagulant activity of plasma kallikrein. The light chain contains the active site or catalytic domain of the enzyme and is homologous to the trypsin family of serine proteases. Plasma prekallikrein deficiency causes a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time in patients. ^[12]

Interactions

Kallikrein and prekallikrein have been shown to interact with High-molecular-weight kininogen. ^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}

See also

• PA clan of proteases

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164344 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000109764 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Heimark RL, Davie EW (1981). "[14] Bovine and human plasma prekallikrein". Bovine and human plasma prekallikrein. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 80 Pt C. pp. 157–72. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(81)80016-x. ISBN   978-0-12-181980-4. PMID   6918767.
6. McRae BJ, Kurachi K, Heimark RL, Fujikawa K, Davie EW, Powers JC (December 1981). "Mapping the active sites of bovine thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIa, factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, and trypsin with amino acid and peptide thioesters: development of new sensitive substrates". Biochemistry. 20 (25): 7196–206. doi:10.1021/bi00528a022. PMID   6976185.
7. Silverberg M, Kaplan AP (1988). "[8] Prekallikrein". Prekallikrein. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 163. pp. 85–95. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(88)63010-2. ISBN   978-0-12-182064-0. PMID   3237096.
8. Seidah NG, Ladenheim R, Mbikay M, Hamelin J, Lutfalla G, Rougeon F, Lazure C, Chrétien M (October 1989). "The cDNA structure of rat plasma kallikrein". DNA. 8 (8): 563–74. doi:10.1089/dna.1989.8.563. PMID   2598771.
9. Tsuda Y, Teno N, Okada Y, Wanaka K, Bohgaki M, Hijikata-Okunomiya A, Okamoto U, Naito T, Okamoto S (November 1989). "Synthesis of tripeptide chloromethyl ketones and examination of their inhibitory effects on plasmin and plasma kallikrein". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 37 (11): 3108–11. doi: 10.1248/cpb.37.3108 . PMID   2534361.
10. Yu H, Bowden DW, Spray BJ, Rich SS, Freedman BI (April 1998). "Identification of human plasma kallikrein gene polymorphisms and evaluation of their role in end-stage renal disease". Hypertension. 31 (4): 906–11. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.31.4.906. PMID   9535413.
11. Chung DW, Fujikawa K, McMullen BA, Davie EW (August 1986). "Human plasma prekallikrein, a zymogen to a serine protease that contains four tandem repeats". Biochemistry. 25 (9): 2410–7. doi:10.1021/bi00357a017. PMID   3521732.
12. "Entrez Gene: KLKB1 kallikrein B, plasma (Fletcher factor) 1".
13. Thompson RE, Mandle R, Kaplan AP (October 1979). "Studies of binding of prekallikrein and Factor XI to high molecular weight kininogen and its light chain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 (10): 4862–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4862T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.4862 . PMC   413037 . PMID   291905.
14. Page JD, You JL, Harris RB, Colman RW (October 1994). "Localization of the binding site on plasma kallikrein for high-molecular-weight kininogen to both apple 1 and apple 4 domains of the heavy chain". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 314 (1): 159–64. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1424. PMID   7944388.
15. Herwald H, Jahnen-Dechent W, Alla SA, Hock J, Bouma BN, Müller-Esterl W (July 1993). "Mapping of the high molecular weight kininogen binding site of prekallikrein. Evidence for a discontinuous epitope formed by distinct segments of the prekallikrein heavy chain". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (19): 14527–35. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85270-5 . PMID   7686159.
16. Renné T, Dedio J, Meijers JC, Chung D, Müller-Esterl W (September 1999). "Mapping of the discontinuous H-kininogen binding site of plasma prekallikrein. Evidence for a critical role of apple domain-2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25777–84. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.36.25777 . PMID   10464316.

Further reading

• Thompson RE, Mandle R, Kaplan AP (1980). "Studies of binding of prekallikrein and Factor XI to high molecular weight kininogen and its light chain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 (10): 4862–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4862T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.4862 . PMC   413037 . PMID   291905.
• Aznar JA, España F, Aznar J, Tascon A, Jimenez C (1978). "Fletcher factor deficiency: report of a new family". Scandinavian Journal of Haematology. 21 (2): 94–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02498.x. PMID   694428.
• Henderson LM, Figueroa CD, Muller-Esterl W, Stain A, Bhoola KD (1992). "Immunovisualisation of Plasma Prekallikrein and H-Kininogen on Human Neutrophils and in Human Hepatocytes". In Fritz H, Müller-Esterl W, Jochum M, Roscher A, Luppertz K (eds.). Recent Progress on Kinins. Agents and Actions Supplements. Vol. 38. Birkhäuser. pp. 590–4. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7321-5_72 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISBN   978-3-0348-7323-9. PMID   1466300.
• Beaubien G, Rosinski-Chupin I, Mattei MG, Mbikay M, Chrétien M, Seidah NG (1991). "Gene structure and chromosomal localization of plasma kallikrein". Biochemistry. 30 (6): 1628–35. doi:10.1021/bi00220a027. PMID   1993180.
• McMullen BA, Fujikawa K, Davie EW (1991). "Location of the disulfide bonds in human plasma prekallikrein: the presence of four novel apple domains in the amino-terminal portion of the molecule". Biochemistry. 30 (8): 2050–6. doi:10.1021/bi00222a007. PMID   1998666.
• España F, Berrettini M, Griffin JH (1989). "Purification and characterization of plasma protein C inhibitor". Thromb. Res. 55 (3): 369–84. doi:10.1016/0049-3848(89)90069-8. PMID   2551064.
• Fujikawa K, Chung DW, Hendrickson LE, Davie EW (1986). "Amino acid sequence of human factor XI, a blood coagulation factor with four tandem repeats that are highly homologous with plasma prekallikrein". Biochemistry. 25 (9): 2417–24. doi:10.1021/bi00357a018. PMID   3636155.
• Herwald H, Jahnen-Dechent W, Alla SA, Hock J, Bouma BN, Müller-Esterl W (1993). "Mapping of the high molecular weight kininogen binding site of prekallikrein. Evidence for a discontinuous epitope formed by distinct segments of the prekallikrein heavy chain". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (19): 14527–35. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85270-5 . PMID   7686159.
• Page JD, You JL, Harris RB, Colman RW (1994). "Localization of the binding site on plasma kallikrein for high-molecular-weight kininogen to both apple 1 and apple 4 domains of the heavy chain". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 314 (1): 159–64. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1424. PMID   7944388.
• Henderson LM, Figueroa CD, Müller-Esterl W, Bhoola KD (1994). "Assembly of contact-phase factors on the surface of the human neutrophil membrane". Blood. 84 (2): 474–82. doi: 10.1182/blood.V84.2.474.474 . PMID   8025275.
• Shimomura T, Kondo J, Ochiai M, Naka D, Miyazawa K, Morimoto Y, Kitamura N (1993). "Activation of the zymogen of hepatocyte growth factor activator by thrombin". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (30): 22927–32. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41615-8 . PMID   8226803.
• Ciechanowicz A, Bader M, Wagner J, Ganten D (1994). "Extra-hepatic transcription of plasma prekallikrein gene in human and rat tissues". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (3): 1370–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2628. PMID   8280154.
• Petersen LC, Sprecher CA, Foster DC, Blumberg H, Hamamoto T, Kisiel W (1996). "Inhibitory properties of a novel human Kunitz-type protease inhibitor homologous to tissue factor pathway inhibitor". Biochemistry. 35 (1): 266–72. doi:10.1021/bi951501d. PMID   8555184.
• Hermann A, Buchinger P, Somlev B, Rehbock J (1996). "High and low molecular weight kininogen and plasma prekallikrein/plasma kallikrein in villous capillaries of human term placenta". Placenta. 17 (4): 223–30. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(96)90042-9. PMID   8761966.
• Durham SK, Suwanichkul A, Hayes JD, Herington AC, Powell DR, Campbell PG (1999). "The heparin binding domain of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 increases susceptibility of IGFBP-3 to proteolysis". Horm. Metab. Res. 31 (2–3): 216–25. doi:10.1055/s-2007-978722. PMID   10226805. S2CID   260169268.
• Renné T, Dedio J, Meijers JC, Chung D, Müller-Esterl W (1999). "Mapping of the discontinuous H-kininogen binding site of plasma prekallikrein. Evidence for a critical role of apple domain-2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25777–84. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.36.25777 . PMID   10464316.
• Hermann A, Arnhold M, Kresse H, Neth P, Fink E (1999). "Expression of plasma prekallikrein mRNA in human nonhepatic tissues and cell lineages suggests special local functions of the enzyme". Biol. Chem. 380 (9): 1097–102. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.657.2854 . doi:10.1515/BC.1999.136. PMID   10543447. S2CID   15535124.
• Cerf M, Raidoo D, Fink E, Fritz H, Bhoola K (2000). "Plasma kallikrein localisation in human blood vessels". Immunopharmacology. 44 (1–2): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00112-5. PMID   10604527.

External links

• Plasma+kallikrein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)