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River Sarada is a medium-sized river in Alluri Sitharama Raju and Anakapalli districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) also known as amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 (ACCN3) or testis sodium channel 1 (TNaC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIC3 gene. The ASIC3 gene is one of the five paralogous genes that encode proteins that form trimeric acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in mammals. The cDNA of this gene was first cloned in 1998. The ASIC genes have splicing variants that encode different proteins that are called isoforms.
Sodium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2B gene.
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In neuroscience, ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels. The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation. A voltage-gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed, or inactivated. The inactivated state is mainly achieved through fast inactivation, by which a channel transitions rapidly from an open to an inactivated state. The model proposes that the inactivated state, which is stable and non-conducting, is caused by the physical blockage of the pore. The blockage is caused by a "ball" of amino acids connected to the main protein by a string of residues on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The ball enters the open channel and binds to the hydrophobic inner vestibule within the channel. This blockage causes inactivation of the channel by stopping the flow of ions. This phenomenon has mainly been studied in potassium channels and sodium channels.
Gated drug delivery systems are a method of controlled drug release that center around the use of physical molecules that cover the pores of drug carriers until triggered for removal by an external stimulus. Gated drug delivery systems are a recent innovation in the field of drug delivery and pose as a promising candidate for future drug delivery systems that are effective at targeting certain sites without having leakages or off target effects in normal tissues. This new technology has the potential to be used in a variety of tissues over a wide range of disease states and has the added benefit of protecting healthy tissues and reducing systemic side effects.
References
- ↑ Teh, Jun-Liang; Shabbir, Asim; Yuen, Soon; So, Jimmy Bok-Yan (2020). "Recent advances in diagnostic upper endoscopy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 26 (4): 433–447. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i4.433 . PMC 7002908 . PMID 32063692.
