| ADAM2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | ADAM2 , CRYN1, CRYN2, CT15, FTNB, PH-30b, PH30, PH30-beta, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 601533 MGI: 1340894 HomoloGene: 1127 GeneCards: ADAM2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2 or Beta-fertilin [5] is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM2 gene. [6] [7] [8]
This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This member is a subunit of an integral sperm membrane heterodimer glycoprotein called fertilin, which plays an important role in sperm-egg interactions. [8] The other subunit is ADAM1 or alpha-fertilin. [5]
Disintegrins are a family of small proteins from viper venoms that function as potent inhibitors of both platelet aggregation and integrin-dependent cell adhesion.
In molecular biology, CD18 is an integrin beta chain protein that is encoded by the ITGB2 gene in humans. Upon binding with one of a number of alpha chains, CD18 is capable of forming multiple heterodimers, which play significant roles in cellular adhesion and cell surface signaling, as well as important roles in immune responses. CD18 also exists in soluble, ligand binding forms. Deficiencies in CD18 expression can lead to adhesion defects in circulating white blood cells in humans, reducing the immune system's ability to fight off foreign invaders.
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.
CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α4β1 lymphocyte homing receptor.
Integrin alpha-1 also CD49a is an integrin alpha subunit encoded in humans by the gene ITGA1. It makes up half of the α1β1 integrin duplex. Though CD49a can bind a number of ligands including collagen IV, collagen I, and others.
Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin.
Integrin alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA5 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM12 gene. ADAM12 has two splice variants: ADAM12-L, the long form, has a transmembrane region and ADAM12-S, a shorter variant, is soluble and lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM15 gene.
Integrin, beta 4 (ITGB4) also known as CD104, is a human gene.
Integrin beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB5 gene.
Alpha-7 integrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA7 gene. Alpha-7 integrin is critical for modulating cell-matrix interactions. Alpha-7 integrin is highly expressed in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells, and localizes to Z-disc and costamere structures. Mutations in ITGA7 have been associated with congenital myopathies and noncompaction cardiomyopathy, and altered expression levels of alpha-7 integrin have been identified in various forms of muscular dystrophy.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM9 gene.
Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene. Cytogenetic location: 3p22.2
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 28 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM28 gene.
Integrin alpha-D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAD gene.
Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.
Collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMID2 gene.
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 3, or ADAM3, belongs to a family of peptidase proteins referred to as ADAMs. Many of these are solely found in spermatogenic cells, specifically in the anterior portion of capacitated spermatozoa heads. This membrane protein is critical for crucial steps in fertilization such as migration of sperm through the uterus to the oviduct as well as binding to the zona pellucida. Inactivation of ADAM3 is a cause of male infertility.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 20 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM20 gene. It is a membrane disintegrin-metalloprotease that belongs to the ADAM family. It is exclusively expressed in Testes and is similar to sperm cell-specific fertilins -alpha and -beta.
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