Kalophrynus menglienicus

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Kalophrynus menglienicus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Genus: Kalophrynus
Species:K. menglienicus
Binomial name
Kalophrynus menglienicus
Yang and Su, 1980

Kalophrynus menglienicus is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is known from the vicinity of its type locality in Menglian County in southern Yunnnan, China, [1] [2] [3] [4] and from northern Vietnam; it is likely to occur in adjacent Myanmar and northern Laos. [2] Common names Menglien grainy frog, Menglien narrow-mouthed frog, and Menglien dwarf sticky frog have been coined for this species, [2] in reference to the type locality, as is the specific name menglienicus. [4]

Frog Member of an order of vertebrates belonging to the amphibians, and comprising largely carnivorous, short-bodied, and tailless animals

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura. The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are over 7,000 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.

Microhylidae family of amphibians

The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 584 species are in 61 genera and 11 subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera of any frog family.

Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County Place in Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China

Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County is an autonomous county in the southwest of Yunnan Province, China, bordering Burma's Shan State to the south and west. It is the westernmost county-level division of Pu'er City

Contents

Description

Males measure 20–23 mm (0.79–0.91 in) in snout–vent length (female length is unknown). The body is comparatively slim. The tympanum is visible. Fingers and toes are not webbed. Males have a single vocal sac. [3] [4]

Tympanum (anatomy) external hearing structure in animals

The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects.

Vocal sac membrane used by male anurans to vocalize

The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs. The purpose of the vocal sac is usually as an amplification of their mating or advertisement call. The presence or development of the vocal sac is one way of externally determining the sex of a frog in many species.

Kalophrynus menglienicus have been observed to feed on insects, in particular ants. [3]

Habitat and conservation

Kalophrynus menglienicus inhabits fields near forest and small ponds. Breeding takes place in ponds and flooded paddy fields. Pollution might threaten this species. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Kalophrynus</i> genus of amphibians

Kalophrynus is a genus of microhylid frogs. They are found in southern China, in Southeast Asia to Java and Philippines, and in Assam, India.

Black-spotted sticky frog species of amphibian

The Black-spotted Sticky Frog is a small frog with a black spot just in front of each of its hind legs. It releases a sticky substance when threatened, thereby making it an unpleasant meal for predators, allowing it to escape from harm.

<i>Austrochaperina aquilonia</i> species of amphibian

Austrochaperina aquilonia is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Sandaun Province, north-western Papua New Guinea. It is only known from two nearby locations in the Torricelli Mountains: Mount Somoro and from the village of Wilbeite. The specific name aquilonia is a Latin adjective meaning "northern" and refers to the range of this species in the north coast mountains of New Guinea.

<i>Barygenys parvula</i> species of amphibian

Barygenys parvula is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and is only known from the Adelbert Mountains, an isolated coastal range on the north coast of New Guinea. The specific name parvula is from the Latin adjective meaning small, in reference to the small size of this frog.

Chiasmocleis cordeiroi is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Bahia in eastern Brazil. It is known from Camamu, its type locality, and from few other localities on both sides of the De Contas River. The specific name cordeiroi honors Paulo Henrique Chaves Cordeiro, a Brazilian biologist. Common name Cordeiro's humming frog has been coined for this species.

Cophixalus tetzlaffi is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia, where it is only known from near its type locality, Fakfak Mountains near the town of Fakfak.

<i>Cophixalus zweifeli</i> species of amphibian

Cophixalus zweifeli is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to northern Queensland, Australia, and only known from the area of its type locality in the Cape Melville National Park. The species was named to honour American herpetologist Richard G. Zweifel. Common name Zweifel's frog has been coined for it. It is one of the five northeast Australian Cophixalus species that are specialized in boulder field habitats.

Elachistocleis skotogaster is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is known with certainty only from the Salta Province in northern Argentina. However, the type locality and some later observations are near the border to Bolivia, and it is possible that some frogs from Bolivia currently attributed to Elachistocleis ovalis belong to this species.

Kalophrynus baluensis is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah.

<i>Kalophrynus eok</i> species of amphibian

Kalophrynus eok is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and currently only known from its type locality in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysia, but presumably, it also occurs in the adjacent Kalimantan, Indonesia. The specific name eok is Kelabit for "tiny" and refers to the small size of this species. Common names eok sticky frog and small Bario sticky frog have been coined for it.

Kalophrynus nubicola is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo and is only known from the Gunung Mulu National Park. The specific name nubicola means "dwelling in cloud". Common names blue-spotted sticky frog and mossy-forest sticky frog has been coined for this species.

Kalophrynus robinsoni is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Pahang in central Peninsular Malaysia. The specific name robinsoni honours Herbert C. Robinson, a British zoologist and ornithologist. This poorly known species has not been reported since 1922.

Kalophrynus subterrestris is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It endemic to Borneo where it is known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although it is also presumed to be present in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Brunei. Common names burrowing grainy frog and Labang sticky frog have been coined for this species.

<i>Kaloula rugifera</i> species of amphibian

Kaloula rugifera, the Sichuan digging frog or Szechwan narrowmouth toad, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae found in China.

Kaloula verrucosa, the verrucous digging frog or Chinese narrowmouth toad, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is only known from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau of southwestern China in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces, but it is expected to occur in adjacent Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. It is a very common species that lives in cultivated fields and in villages. Breeding takes place in temporary pools, ponds, and ditches.

The Omei brown frog or Omei wood frog is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to central China. Its name refers to Mount Emei, its type locality. Its natural habitats are hill forests and grass clumps in forests. Breeding occurs in late summer and the tadpoles overwinter; the breeding habitat is standing water. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Feihyla palpebralis is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae, sometimes known as the Vietnamese bubble-nest frog or the white-cheeked small treefrog. In addition to its type locality, Langbian Plateau in southeastern Vietnam, it is found in southern China and northern Vietnam south to Tam Dao, and is expected to be found in the intervening Laos and Vietnam.

Raorchestes menglaensis is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. Only known from its type locality, Zhishihe in Mengla County, it is endemic to Yunnan, China, although it is expected to occur more widely, including adjacent Laos.

Polypedates mutus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in southern and southwestern China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. However, it may actually represent two different species. It is not know which one of these is the "true" Polypedates mutus as specimens from the type locality in northern Myanmar have not been analysed. Its natural habitats are forests and the surrounding areas. It breeds in standing water. It is suffering from habitat loss.

<i>Kalophrynus yongi</i> species of amphibian

Kalophrynus yongi is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae, also known as the Cameron Highland sticky frog. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia and is only known from its type locality near the top of Gunung Brinchang, in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang state. The specific name yongi honours Dr. Yong Hoi-Sen, a zoologist from the University of Malaya.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Yang Datong; Lu Shunqing (2004). "Kalophrynus menglienicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN. 2004: e.T57839A11692270. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Kalophrynus menglienicus Yang and Su, 1980". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Kalophrynus menglienicus Yang and Su, 1980". AmphibiaChina (in Chinese). Kunming Institute of Zoology. 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 Zug, George R. (2015). "Morphology and systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus–pleurostigma populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalphryninae) and a taxonomy of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4. 62 (5): 135–190.
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