Kalya (Kalyana pura)

Last updated

Kalya (Kalavathi pattana) or Kalya is a historic settlement located in Magadi Taluk, Ramanagara district of Karnataka, India. Kalya as an early settlement can be attested by the fact that the prehistoric rock art and tools reported from Kalya,and also inscriptional documentation in the village from 550 CE to the early 17th century CE, making it one of the few places in the country that has been continuously inhabited for 3000 to 3500 years. [1] [2]

Contents

Kalya has been variously documented as Kalleha, Kalyaha and Kalleha Pattana in the inscriptions, this village houses more than 28 documented inscriptions, three tiger-hunting hero stones, four Veera Masti stones, Nisidhi stones, a lingamudra stone, Kalleshwara temple, tomb of the famous 12th-century Telugu poet Palkuriki Somanatha, a Veerashaiva Jangam Mutt, Manasthamba, and icons of Buddhist, Jaina, Vaishnava, and Shaiva sects Alongside these historical remnants, Prehistoric rock art and tools have also been reported from Kalya, indicating that this village has been inhabited for approximately 3500–4000 years. [3] [4] The Kalleshwara temple is a cave temple located atop a small hillock in the village is particularly of religious significance as many inscriptions have been found documenting the donations made to the temple for the worship of the deity and the upkeep of the temple.

Kalya has also been identified with "bauddhavasapuri kalavathi pattana", literally translated as "the city where Buddhists live" as documented in a copper plate inscription of Turuvekere by Dr Chidanandamurthy. [5] The tomb of the famous 12th-century Telugu poet Palkuriki Somanatha, the author of the first biographical work on Basavanna, the Basava Purana, is in the village. The story of how he came about this village is mentioned in his own work and he says that enamored by the devotion of the shivasharane Sarvashile Chennamma, he came to the village to seek her blessings and decided to stay in the village upon the request of the saintess made Kalya his abode for the rest of his life. [6] The Jangama mutt has the tomb of the nun and is situated on a small hillock in the village.

The place is very well known because of a unique religious intrigue that happened at the site in the 15th century CE between the vaishnavas and jains, the story goes that there was a physical altercation the Vaishnavas and Jains of the region due to an issue leading to death of some jains. The conflict was taken to the court of the Vijayanagara ruler, Bukka Raya II by a merchant of Kalya. An inscription documenting this was put up in Kalya and four other sites of Jain significance, including Shravanabelagola and Penukonda, the king orders the parties to stop the fight and orders the Vaishnavas of Melukote, Srirangam, Tirumala to be responsible for the upkeep of the Jain temples by erecting inscriptions honoring this decree in Jain temples throughout the kingdom and allowing the playing of the panchamahavadyas in the jain temples.

Kalya 1368 CE Jain-Srivaishnava conflict resolution Inscription

Jain-Srivaishnava conflict resolution Inscription
Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya Kannada Inscription 03.png
Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya Kannada Inscription
Writing Kannada script
Created1368 CE
DiscoveredKalya, Magadi, Karnataka
12°58′47″N77°10′47″E / 12.9797446°N 77.1796794°E / 12.9797446; 77.1796794

It is one of the most remarkable inscription documented in Karnataka, it is a Kannada inscription dated to 1368 CE issued during the reign of Bukkaraya II. It records that a dialogue (saṃvāja) between Jains and the Srivaishnavas escalated into a fight and the Jains had been unjustly killed by the Srivaishnavas, this conflict was taken to the court of Bukkaraya II of the Vijayanagara Kingdom by the Jains of Anegondi, Penukonda, Hospattana and Kalya, this conflict was resolved by the king by ordering the Srivaishnavas of Tirumala, Tirunarayanapura (Melukote) and Srirangam to allow the rightful playing of the panchamahavadyas ( five great instruments ) in the Jain temples and that the Srivaishnavas had to issue decrees and install it in Jain temples following the order throughout the kingdom. The inscription starts with an invocatory verse on Ramanuja, ironically the verse praises Ramanuja as being a great subduer of the pāsaṇḍas (sramanas) and records the Srivaishnavas as bhakta, the imitation of this inscription was also erected in Shravanabelagola, it was put up after a month of being installed in Kalya. The inscription was documented and published in Volume 9, Epigraphia carnatica. [7]

Transliteration of the inscription

The text of the inscription is published in Volume 9, Epigraphia Carnatica. [7]

Line

Number

Kannada IAST
1ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಸಮಸ್ತ ಪ್ರsvasti samasta pra
2 ಶಸ್ತಿ ಸಹಿತಂ|| ಪಾಷśasti sahitaṃ|| pāṣa
3ಂಡ ಸಾಗರ ಮಹಾವಡವಾṃḍa sāgara mahāvaḍavā
4ಮುಖಾಗ್ನಿ ಶ್ರೀ ರಂಗರಾmukhāgni śrī raṃgarā
5ಜ ಚರಣಾಂಬುಜ ಮೂja caraṇāṃbuja mū
6ಲದಾಸಃ ಶ್ರೀವಿಷ್ಣುಲೋಕladāsaḥ śrīviṣṇuloka
7ಮಣಿ ಮಂಟಪ ಮಾರ್ಗmaṇi maṃṭapa mārga
8ದಾಯೀ ರಾಮಾನುಜೋ ವಿಜಯdāyī rāmānujo vijaya
9ತೇ ಯತಿರಾಜ ರಾಜಃ || ಶಕ ವte yatirāja rājaḥ || śaka va
10ರ್ಷ ೧೨೯೦ನೆಯ ಕೀಲಕ ಸಂrṣa 1290neya kīlaka saṃ
11ವತ್ಸರದ ಶ್ರಾವಣ ಶು ೨ ಸೋvatsarada śrāvaṇa śu 2 so
12ದಲು ಶ್ರೀಮನ್ ಮಹಾಮಂdalu śrīman mahāmaṃ
13ಡಳೇಶ್ವರಂ ಅರಿರಾಯ ವಿಭಾḍaleśvaraṃ arirāya vibhā
14ಡ ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ತಪ್ಪುವ ರಾḍa bhāṣhege tappuva rā
15ಯರಗಂಡ ಶ್ರೀವೀರ ಬುಕ್ಕyaragaṃḍa śrīvīra bukka
16ರಾಯನು ಪ್ರಿತುವಿ ರಾಜ್ಯವrāyanu prituvi rājyava
17ನಾಳುವ ಕಾಲದಲಿ ಜಇನnāluva kāladali jaina
18ರಿಗೆ ಭಕ್ತರಿಗೆ ಸಂವಾಜವಾದrige bhaktarige saṃvājavāda
19ಲ್ಲಿ ಆನೆಯಗೊಂದಿ ಹೊಸಪlli āneyagoṃdi hosapa
20ಟ್ಟಣ ಪೆನುಗುಂಡೆ ಕಳ್ಯಹṭṭaṇa penuguṃḍe kalyaha
21ವೊಳಗಾದ ಸಮಸ್ತ ನಾಡvolagāda samasta nāḍa
22ಜಇನರು ಬುಕ್ಕರಾಯಂಗೆ ಭjainaru bukkarāyaṃge bha
23ಕ್ತರು ಅನ್ಯಾಯದಲು ಕೊಲ್ಲುktaru anyāyadalu kollu
24ವದನು ಬಿಂನಹಂ ಮಾಡvadanu biṃnahaṃ māḍa
25ಲಾಗಿ ಕೋವಿಲ್ | ತಿರುಮಲೆ |lāgi kovil | tirumale |
26ಪೆರುಮಾ ಕೋವಿಲು | ತಿರುನಾperumā kovilu | tirunā
27ರಾಯಣಪುರ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾrāyaṇapura mukhyavā
28ದ ಸಕಳಾಚಾರ್ಯ್ಯರು ಸda sakalāchāryaru sa
29ಕಳ ಸಮಯಿಗಳು ಸಕಳkala samayigalu sakala
30ಸಾತ್ವಿಕರು ಮೋಷ್ಟಿಕರು ತಿsātvikaru moṣṭikaru ti
31ರುಪಣಿ ತಿರುವಿಡಿ ತಂಣಿrupaṇi tiruviḍi taṃṇi
32ರವರು ನಾಲ್ವತ್ತೆಂಟು ತಲೆravaru nālvatteṃṭu tale
33ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಸಾವಂತ ಬೋವmakkalu sāvaṃta bova
34ಕ್ಕಳು ತಿರಿಕುಲ ಜಾಂಬವಕುಲkkalu tirikula jāṃbavakula
35ವೊಳಗಾದ ಪದಿನೆಂಟು ನಾಡಾvolagāda padineṃṭu nāḍā
36ಶ್ರೀವಇಷ್ಣವರ ಕಯ್ಯಲು ಮಹಾśrīvaiṣṇavara kayyalu mahā
37ರಾಯನು ಜಇನರು ನಿಂಮrāyanu jainaru niṃma
38ವಇಷ್ಣವ ದರುಸನದ ಮಱೆ ಒvaiṣṇava darusanada mare o
39ಕ್ಕೆವುವೆಂದು ಕೊಟ್ಟ ಸಂಮಂಧkkeveṃdu koṭṭa saṃmaṃdha
40ಪಂಚ ಬಸ್ತಿಗಳಲಿ ಕಳಸ ಜpaṃca bastigaḻali kaḻasa ja
41ಗಳೆ ಜಗಟೆ ಮೊದಲಾದ ಪಂgale jagaṭe modalāda paṃ
42ಚ ಮಹಾವಾದ್ಯವೂ ಸಲುca mahāvādyavū salu
43ಉದು ಅನ್ಯರಿ[ಗೆ] ಬರಕೂಡದು udu anyari[ge] barakūḍadu i
44ಜಇನ ಸಮಯಕೆ ಸಲುವುjaina samayake saluvu
45ದೆಂದು ಹಾನಿವ್ರಿದ್ಧಿಯಾದ .deṃdu hānivriddhiyāda
46. ಶ್ರೀವಇ. śrīvai
47ಷ್ಣವ ಸಮಯṣṇava samaya
48. . . . .. . . . .
49. . . ಯೀ. . . . yi
50ಮರ್ಯ್ಯಾದೆ. maryyāde
51. . . . .. lu ellā rājya
52ದೊಳಗುಳdoḻaguḻḻa
53ಬಸ್ತಿ .basti
54ಶ್ರೀವಇಷ್ಣವśrīvayiṣṇava
55. . . . .. . . . .
56ನೆಟ್ಟು ಕೊಟ್ಟೆವುneṭṭu koṭṭevu

Kalya 14thcentury CE Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription

3D Scanned image of the Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription 02.png
3D Scanned image of the Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription

It is a Kannada inscription dated to the 14th century CE. It consists of a verse from the Pramanasangraha, an 8th-century Jain composition authored by Akalanka. [8]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in the Kannada language and script. The inscription is 95 cm tall & 36 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 5.3 cm tall, 6.2 cm wide & 0.25 cm deep.

Transliteration of the inscription

The inscription was published in the Quaternary Journal of the Mythic society.

Kannada IAST
1ಶ್ರೀ ಮತ್ಪರಮ ಗಂಭೀśrī matparama gaṃbhī
2ರಂಸ್ಯಾದ್ವಾದraṃsyādvādā
3ಮೋಘ ಲಾಂಛನಂmogha lāṃchanaṃ
4ಜೀಯತ್ರೈಲೋಕ ನಾjīyātrailoka nā
5ತಸ್ಯ ಶಾಸನಂ ಜಿthasya śāsanaṃ ji
6ನ ಶಾಸನಂna śāsanaṃ

Translation

One translation is: "the most respectful, the most beautiful symbol of the syadvada doctrine, an inscription of the lord of the three worlds, and an inscription of the Jains." [9]

Kalya Kalleshwara Temple, 1536 CE, Singarajayya Divige-Harivana Donation Inscription

3D Scanned image of the Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Inscription Picture credits: Wikimedia commons Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1536CE Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Donation Inscription 05.png
3D Scanned image of the Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Inscription Picture credits: Wikimedia commons

It is a Kannada inscription dated to March 22, 1536 CE and records the donation of rituals items to the god Kalleshwara by a Singarayya. [10]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in the Kannada language and script. The inscription is 102 cm tall and 244 cm wide (inscription area), while the characters are approximately 6.8 cm tall, 5.2 cm wide, and 0.3 cm deep.

Transliteration of the inscription

The transliteration is published in the Quaternary Journal of Mythic Society.

Kannada IAST
1o ಕವo kava
2೦ ದುರ್ಮತಿ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಚಯಿತ್ರ ಶು ೧ ಲು ಶ್ರೀಮತು ಕಲ್ಲೇಶ್ವರಲಿಂಗನಿಗೆ0 durmati saṃvatsarada cayitra śu 1 lu śrīmatu kalleśvaraliṃganigĕ
3೦ ಸಿಂಗರಾಜಯ್ಯ ಮಾಡಿದ ಸೇವೆ ಹರಿವಾಣ . ಕಂಚಿನ ದೀವಿಗೆ0 siṃgarājayya māḍida sevĕ harivāṇa . kaṃcina dīvigĕ
4೦ ಕಂಬಿ(ಚಿ) . . . ಕಾಣಿ . . ದೀವಿಗೆ ೨ ಅ. . . . ಬಾರ . . ೧. . .0 kaṃbi(ci) . . . kāṇi . . dīvigĕ 2 a. . . . bāra . . 1. . .
5೦ ಹೊಲ.. ಅ..ಬಿಡಿಸಿದ . . . . . .0 hŏla.. a..biḍisida . . . . . .
6೦ . . . . ನೈವೇದ್ಯಕೆ . ಖ೧ ಮೆಲು . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . naivedyakĕ . kha1 mĕlu . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1540CE Singaraja's Timmaraja Donation Inscription

It is a Kannada inscription dated to 1540 CE paleographically. It records land grants to the god Kalleshwara by a Singaraja, it indicates the area of land donated and other particulars. Interestingly, interestingly it records the land as being donated on the orders of the deity Kalleshwara himself instead of the local ruler or king, indicating the people's recognition of the god Kalleshwara as a legitimate authority over the land. Many Indian kings and kingdoms were ruled under the name of the god, rulers positing themselves as the true representatives of such a god, the Travancore kingdom, Kashi were some places that were ruled under this norm. It was discovered by the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team. [11]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription stone measures 91 cm tall & 301 cm wide , while the characters are approximately 8.1 cm tall, 9.3 cm wide & 0.4 cm deep.

Transliteration of the inscription

Kannada IAST
1ಲಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ ಗೋಪಿನಾಥ ಅರಸರ ಮಗ ತಿಮ್ಮರಾಜನಿಗೆ ವಾಮನ ಮುದ್ರೆ ಮುಡಣ ಕಲ್ಲುlakappa gopinātha ārāsara māga tiṃmarājarigĕ vāmana mudrĕ khalla muḍaṇa
2ಹಳೆಯಾ ಉರು ಕುಪ್ಪಯ ಹೊಲ ಖ೧ ಘದೆ ಕೆಱೆಯ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಕ ೧ ಅರೋಭರು ಅಳುಪ ಸಲ್ಲದು ಕಲಿಸ್ವರ ದೇhalĕyā uru kuppaya ̤ hŏla kha1 ghadĕ kĕṟĕya kĕlagĕ ka ̤ 1 arobharu alupa ̤ salladu kalisvara de
3ವರ ನಿರುಪದಿಂ ಸಿಂಗರಾಜಗಳು ದನಾ ದರಪೂರ್ವvara nirupadiṃ siṃgarājagalu danā ̤ darapūrva
4ಕವಾಗಿ ಖೊಟೆಉ ಚಾವಡಿವೀರೆಗೌಡನkavāgi khŏṭĕu cāvaḍivīrĕgauḍana
5ಬರಹ ಯೀ ಗ್ರಾಮಕ್ಕೆ ಅಳುಪಿದವರು ವರಾಣಸಿಯಲbaraha yī grāmakkĕ alupidavaru ̤ varāṇasiyali
6ಗೋವ ಕೊಂgova kŏṃ
7ದ ಪಾಪಕ್ಕೆda pāpakkĕ
8ಹೋಹರುhoharu

The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1549 CE Immadi Inscription

This incomplete Kannada inscription is dated to 1549CE, with the content available, it possibly pertains to a grant by a king, the mention of the word "immadi" in other inscriptions including this, indicates that this was a donation by Immadi Kempegowda of the Yelahanka Naadaprabhu dynasty under the Karnataka (Vijayanagara) empire. It was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team. [12]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script and is dated to the 1549CE. The inscription stone measures 82 cm tall by 112 cm wide, while the characters themselves are approximately 11.1 cm tall, 7.2 cm wide & 0.3 cm deep.

Transliteration of the inscription

KannadaIAST
1೦ ಕೀಲಕ ಸಂವಶ್ಚರದ0 kīlaka saṃvaścarada
2೦ ಪುಷ್ಯ ಶುದ್ಧ೧ಲೂ ಶ್ರೀ0 puṣya śuddha1lū śrī
3೦ ಮತು ಯಿಂಮಡಿ0 matu yiṃmaḍi
4೦ . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . .
5೦ . .ಶ . . . .0 . .śa . . . .
6೦ . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . .

The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th century Mahabhaktha Inscription

The Kalya Kalleshwara temple 17th century Mahabhaktha Inscription Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th-century Mahabhakta Inscription 06.png
The Kalya Kalleshwara temple 17th century Mahabhaktha Inscription

It is an incomplete Kannada inscription dated paleographically to the 17th century CE, it records a great devotee (mahabhakta) of the god Kalleshwara, his name possibly starts with "Talada". The Inscription was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscription 3D Digital Conservation Project team. [13]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in both Kannada language and script and is dated to the 17th Century. The inscription stone measures 36 cm tall by 144 cm wide (on the steps leading to Kalleshwara Temple), while the characters themselves are approximately 8.9 cm tall, 3.8 cm wide & 0.4 cm deep

Transliteration of the Inscription

The inscription is a total of two lines.

Kannada IAST
1ಶ್ರೀಮತು ತಾಳದ .śrīmatu tāl̤ada .
2ಮಹ ಬಕ್ತ . .maha bakta . .

Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th century CE Mandala Inscription

It is a very worn-out Kannada inscription, the legible text indicates a grant to the siddas of God (Kalleshwara). A tantric mandala symbol is beside the inscription. [14] The Inscription was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscription 3D Digital Conservation Project team.

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription stone is 103 cm tall & 186 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 6.8 cm tall, 5.3 cm wide & 0.3 cm deep.

Transliteration of the Inscription

Kannada IAST
1. . ರ ದೇವರ . .ಸಿದರಿಗೆ. . ra devara. .sidarige

Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th century CE Ballabatta Boulder Inscription

It is a Kannada inscription dated to 18-July-1531 (Julian). Much of the text is effaced, the legible text indicates a possible land grant by a ballalbatta the god (Kalleshwara). [9]

Physical characteristics

The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription is 57 cm tall & 117 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 6.6 cm tall, 8.2 cm wide & 0.6 cm deep.

Transliteration of the Inscription

Kannada IAST
1o ಖರ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಆಶಡ0 khara saṃvatsarada āśaḍa
2o ಸುದ ೫ಲ್ಲು ಬಲ್ಲಬಟ್ಟ0 suda 5llu ballabaṭṭa
3o ಯ ದೇವರಿಗೆ ಚುಡಪ ಗ0 ya devarigĕ cuḍapa ga
4o ಡ0 ḍa

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shravanabelagola</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Shravanabelagola is a town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km (89 mi) from Bengaluru. The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad. Chandragupta Maurya is said to have died on the hill of Chandragiri, which is located in Shravanabelagola, in 298 BCE after he became a Jain monk and assumed an ascetic life style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magadi</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Magadi is a town and taluk located in Ramanagara district, Karnataka, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddhesvara Temple</span>

The Siddhesvara Temple is located in Haveri in Haveri district, Karnataka state, India. It is considered an ornate example of 12th-century Western Chalukyan art and is well known for the many loose sculptures of Hindu deities that exist in it. However, inscriptional evidence would suggest that the initial consecration of the temple was in the late 11th century. An exciting aspect of the temple is that it faces west instead of facing the rising sun in the east–a standard in Chalukyan constructions. Though it is currently used as a Shaiva temple dedicated to God Shiva, historians are unsure by which faith or sect the temple was consecrated initially and to which deity. Many people visit the temple for their spiritual beliefs, while evidence about temple visits can be found in Gita chapter 17, verse 23, which says otherwise. Most of the Lord Shiva sculptures are observed to be of him meditating. There are claims that he meditates on himself, whereas some proof can be found in Devi-Bhagavata Purana that Lord Shiva meditates for some other God. This uncertainty perhaps stems from the many loose sculptures of deities and the degradation of primary wall images.

Jai Jinendra! is a common greeting used by the Jains. The phrase means "Honor to the Supreme Jinas (Tirthankaras)"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalleshwara Temple, Hire Hadagali</span> Village in Karnataka, India

The Kalleshwara temple is located in the town of Hire Hadagali of the Hoovina Hadagalitaluk in Bellary district of Karnataka state, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalleshvara Temple, Ambali</span> Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

The Kalleshvara temple is located in the town of Ambali in Bellary district of Karnataka state, India. According to an Old Kannada inscription placed in the sabhamantapa, the temple was constructed during the reign of the Western Chalukya Empire King Vikramaditya VI. This temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Gulakamale is a village in Bangalore district, Karnataka, India, near Kaggalipura on Bangalore – Kanakapura Road. The population of the village is 2,293 which made up of 1,131 males and 1,162 females. The literacy rate is lower than that of Karnataka and stands at 71.82% as opposed to 75.36% of the rest of the state. Out of those who are literate are 81.05% male and 62.70% female populations. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 51.72% and 0.22% respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar</span>

The Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar is a decorated free standing pillar, 2.3 m tall, commissioned by Chamundaraya, an important minister and commander in the Western Ganga kingdom, during the rule of King Marasimha II (963–975), Rachamalla IV (975–986) and Rachamalla V. The pillar dates to around 983 C.E. and exists on the Vindyagiri hill in the important Jain heritage town Shravanabelagola, in the Karnataka state, India. On the base of the pillar, on the north side, is an inscription in old Kannada language of the same period, which according to epigraphist and historian B.L. Rice confirms Chamundaraya's involvement in the erection of the pillar. Free standing pillars are a characteristic feature of the Western Ganga art and are broadly classified as "Mahastambha" and "Brahmastambha".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Veeranarayana Temple, Gadag</span> Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

Veeranarayana Temple in Gadag city is a Hindu temple known to have been built around c.1117 by the Hoysala empire King Vishnuvardhana. Gadag city is the administrative headquarters of Gadag district in the state of Karnataka, India. The primary deity in temple is the Hindu god Narayana. The Veeranarayana temple is a protected monument under the Karnataka state division of the Archaeological Survey of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gulakamale inscriptions</span>

Gulakamale is located in Bangalore South taluk of Bangalore district in Karnataka, India. Two inscriptions are found in Gulakamale of which one is a donation inscription, and the other, a Mahasati herostone, a typology of herostones dedicated to women who self-sacrificed in sati. Additionally, two other hero stones are also found at the same place.Gulakamale is also famous for its lake, a birding hotspot on the city's outskirts.

Ivara Kandapura is a small hamlet adjoining Hesaraghatta on the northern outskirts of Bangalore, in Karnataka, India. Ivara Kandapura is famous for a 10th-century temple complex that is home to five temples, named after the pandavas as The Dharmeshwara, Nakuleshwara, Bheemeshwara, Sahadeshwara, Arjuneshwara and Kunti Gudi. Nearby these temples is a lesser known temple called Venugopala temple, historically referred to as Siddeshwara Temple. Related to this temple and the temple builder are three inscriptions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domlur (bengaluru) inscriptions</span> Temple inscriptions in Karnataka, India

Domlur is a locality in the eastern part of Bengaluru city in India. Domlur is a historic places as indicated in the 18 inscriptions spanning the period 1200-1440CE found there. Of these, 16 inscriptions are at the Chokkanathaswamy Temple dedicated to the deity Chokkanathaswamy or the Chokka Perumal [the Hindu God Vishnu]. Of these eleven inscriptions are from the period 1200-1440 CE and have been documented earlier in Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol 9, these are mostly donatory inscriptions for the deity Chokkanathaswamy and for the Someshwara temple (non-existent).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singapura inscriptions</span> Temple inscriptions in Karnataka, India

Singapura is a locality in the northwestern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Varadarajaswamy Temple in Singapura is at least 500 years old, as recorded in Harohalli and Chikkabettahalli inscriptions. The temple is referred to as the Tiruvengalanatha temple in inscriptions. The inscriptions also mention a grant given to Ramanuja Koota, a religious institution of Sri Vaishnavites, named after the reformer-saint Ramanuja.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jakkur Bengaluru inscriptions</span>

Jakkur, a suburb in Bengaluru is an old locality that has an historicity of about 700 years. The locality is home to four inscriptions and several hero stones. The earliest inscriptions of the area can be paleographically dated to 9th - 10th century CE. These inscriptions also indicate that Jakkur Lake, regarded as one of the biggest lakes of Bangalore, existed as old as seven centuries ago.

Chikkabanavara is a residential locality in north Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Chikkabanavara is also an ancient locality as evidenced by six inscriptions that have been discovered there. Additionally an ancient Kalyani and a few old temples allude to the historicity of the locality. Chikkabanavara is also home to one of the Bengaluru's ancient lakes, its documented history traced to at least a thousand years based on inscriptional references. Additionally, other ancient artefacts such as, Nagastones, fragmented pillars, memorial stones are also found at Chikkabanavara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allalasandra (Bengaluru) Inscriptions and Herostones</span> Temple inscriptions in Karnataka, India

Allalasandra is a historic locality in North Bengaluru adjoining the Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra (GKVK) campus on Bellary road. Allasandra's historicity tracing back to about 500 years can be attested from the Rachur Narasappiah's Donation Inscription mentions the donation of the entire village of Allalasandra to the Allalanatha temple at Jakkur.

Bileshivale is a historic locality in Bengaluru. An inscription at Bileshivale is being documented here for the first time. It documents existence of a temple in the 14th century at Bileshivale, the location of which cannot be ascertained. This inscription shows that Kalkere, the lake and the place are at least 700 years old.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anjanapura (inscription)</span> 15th century inscription

It is a Kannada inscription paleographically dated to the 15th century CE, discovered by the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team in April 2022 in the Anjaneya Temple,Anjanapura. Much information cannot be contextualized as the text is effaced but appears to be a donatory inscription. The typical character size of the Inscription is 4.9 cm tall, 7.1 cm wide and 0.15 cm deep.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basavanagudi (Bengaluru) Inscriptions</span>

The Basavanagudi Inscriptions are a set of three Kannada and one Tamil inscriptions that can be found in the locality of Basavanagudi. Of the four, three Kannada inscriptions are physically present and the fourth Tamil inscription's physical status remains unknown. The available Kannada inscriptions can be found in Bugle rock park and Dodda Basavana Gudi or Big bull temple. Two inscriptions found in the vicinity of Dodda Basavana Gudi or Big bull temple, both describe the Vrishabhavati river's origin as coming from the feet of the Basava idol in the temple's sanctum and flowing westwards thereon as Paschimavahini. The two inscriptions can be found: one on the pedestal of the Basava deity in the sanctum and the other on a boulder in the shrubbery surrounding the temple. Two more inscriptions that are published, one is a one line Tamil inscription in Grantha script published in Epigraphia Carnatica and is about possible donatory inscription to the Chokkanathaswamy Temple in Domlur, a locality in Bengaluru, its physical status is not known at present and the other is a one line Kannada inscription in the Kannada script published in Itihasa Darshana Journal and is present on a boulder in the Bugle rock park in Basavanagudi is about one Deevatige Soma.

Marasuru Madivala is a village in Anekal Taluk of Bengaluru, in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a historical settlement with a history of over a millennium, its significance lies in the discovery of an herostone-inscription and an ornate sculpture of Chamundi found in the village which is currently housed in a new mantapa. It is home to a 10th-century Someshwara temple, and a modern-day Nandi mantapa restored with 8th-century Ganga style stone pillars, Sati stones, hero-stones and a few ancient Jaina idols.

References

  1. "ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಭಂಡಾರ". mythicsociety.github.io. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  2. Srivatsa, Sharath (14 July 2022). "Bengaluru's inscriptions: Footprints of history traced anew". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  3. Muthuramalingam, Vivek. "Captivating Kalya". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  4. The Mythic Society (25 April 2022). Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) Vol. 113, No. 2, April – July 2022 — 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions via Internet Archive.
  5. Devi, Yogi Prabodha Jnana & Yogini Abhaya (24 January 2020). "Kalya Caves - Remains of Buddhism in Bangalore". Way of Bodhi. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  6. Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Roghair, Gene H. (1990). Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha. Princeton University Press. JSTOR   j.ctt7ztf8k.
  7. 1 2 Mysore. Dept. of Archaeology; Rice, B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis); Narasimhacharya, Ramanujapuram Anandan-pillai (1894). Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore. Robarts - University of Toronto. Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press.
  8. The Mythic Society (April 2022). Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions.
  9. 1 2 The Mythic Society (April 2022). Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions.
  10. L, Udaya Kumar P. (January 2020). "3D Digital Scanning of Epigraphs: In the Context of Bengaluru's Inscriptions". The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Soceity.
  11. The Mythic Society (April 2022). Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions.
  12. "Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions". April 2022.
  13. "Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions". April 2022.
  14. The Mythic Society (April 2022). Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions.