Kangean shama

Kangean shama
Conservation status
Not evaluated  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Muscicapidae
Genus:	Copsychus
Species:	C. nigricauda
Binomial name
Copsychus nigricauda (Vorderman, 1893)

The Kangean shama (Copsychus nigricauda) is a medium sized passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is endemic to the Kangean Islands in Indonesia. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the white-rumped shama. The species may be extinct in the wild.

Taxonomy

The Kangean shama was formally described in 1893 by the Dutch scientist Adolphe Vorderman under the binomial name Cittocincla nigricauda. ^{[1] [2]} The specific epithet combines the Latin niger meaning "black" with cauda meaning "tail". ^[3] The Kangean shama is now placed with 16 other species in the genus Copsychus that was introduced in 1827 by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler. ^[4] It was formerly considered as subspecies of the white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) but is now treated as a separate species based on morphological differences and a molecular genetic study of museum specimens published in 2022. ^{[4] [5]} The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. ^[4]

Description

The Kangean shama has glossy blue-black upperparts, bright chestnut underparts apart from a white vent, a white rump and an almost entirely black tail with white tips to the outer feathers. The sexes are similar in plumage but the tail is shorter in females. ^[6]

Conservation status

The Kangean shama is highly threatened by the pet trade and is possibly extinct in the wild. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

References

1. Vorderman, Adolphe (1893). "Bijdrage tot de kennis der vogels van den Kangean-archipel". Natuurkundig tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië (in Dutch). 52: 181-208 [197-198].
2. Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 72.
3. Jobling, James A. "nigricauda". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
5. Wu, M.Y.; Lau, C.J.; Ng, E.Y.X.; Baveja, P.; Gwee, C.Y.; Sadanandan, K.; Ferasyi, T.R.; Haminuddin; Ramadhan, R.; Menner, J.K.; Rheindt, F.E. (2022). "Genomes from historic DNA unveil massive hidden extinction and terminal endangerment in a tropical Asian songbird radiation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (9) msac189. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac189 . PMC   9486911 .
6. Berryman, A.J.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G.M. (2024). Keeney, B.K.; Billerman, S.M. (eds.). "Kangean Shama (Copsychus nigricauda), version 1.0" . Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
7. Berryman, Alex J. (2023). "Another Indonesian songbird on the brink of extinction: is it too late for the Kangean shama?". Oryx. 57 (5): 556–557. doi: 10.1017/S0030605323000996 .
8. Eaton, J.; Shepherd, C.; Rheindt, F.; Harris, J.B.C.; van Balen, B.; Wilcove, D.; Collar, N. (2015). "Trade-driven extinctions and near-extinctions of avian taxa in Sundaic Indonesia". Forktail. 31: 1–12.