Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft

Last updated
Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft
88shiki teisatuki.jpg
Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft
Role Reconnaissance and light bomber biplane
Manufacturer Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K.
Designer Richard Vogt [1]
First flight 1927
Primary user Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
Produced1929–1932
Number built1117

The Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft was a Japanese single-engined biplane designed for Kawasaki by Richard Vogt. Originally known by its company designation KDA-2, it was accepted by the Imperial Japanese Army as the Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft. The Type 88 number was designated for the year the aircraft was accepted, which was the year 2588 in the Japanese imperial year calendar, or 1928 in the Gregorian calendar. [2] The basic design was modified into the Type 88 Light Bomber that was used in combat over China in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Type 88 was built in large numbers and remained in service until 1940.

Contents

Design and development

The Army Type 88-1 Reconnaissance Biplane was designed by Richard Vogt as the Kawasaki KDA-2 to meet a Japanese Army requirement for a reconnaissance biplane to replace the Salmson 2. Three KDA-2 prototypes were built by Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K. in 1927. After flight testing, the aircraft was accepted and ordered into production as the Army Type 88-1 Reconnaissance Biplane. The aircraft was of all-metal construction, with a stressed skin forward fuselage, unequal-span wings and a slim angular fuselage, with cross-axle main landing gear. It was powered by a 447 kW (600 hp) BMW VI engine. The Type 88-II was an improved version with an improved engine cowling and a revised tail assembly. By the end of 1931, 710 (including the three prototypes) had been built by both Kawasaki and Tachikawa, who had 187 of the total number. [3]

Between 1929 and 1932, a bomber version was built as the Type 88 Light Bomber, differing in having a strengthened lower wing and an additional pair of centre-section struts. Bomb racks were located under the fuselage and lower wings. A total of 407 were produced. [4] A transport variant was developed as the KDC-2 with room for a pilot and four passengers in an enclosed cabin. Only two KDC-2s were built; one was tested on floats. [5]

Operational history

Both reconnaissance and bomber versions saw action with the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War in Manchuria, and while in service in 1937 during fighting at the Battle of Shanghai, losses in early 1938, including at the Battle of Taierzhuang phased the Type 88 out of frontline service. [6]

Variants

KDA-2
Three prototypes in 1927.
Type 88-I Reconnaissance Biplane.
Production reconnaissance biplane.
Type 88-II Reconnaissance Biplane
Improved version of the 88-I, 707 built of both the 88-I and 88-II.
Type 88 Light Bomber.
Light bomber able to carry 200 kg (440 lb) of bombs, 407 built.
KDC-2
Transport variant, two built.

Operators

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Manchukuo.svg  Manchukuo

Specifications (88-II)

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941 [7] The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing. p. 2238.

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

Notes

  1. Richard Vogt was an aircraft designer at Dornier who was hired by Kawasaki in the early years of Japan's aviation industry.
  2. War Department TM-E-30-480 Handbook on Japanese Military Forces September 1944 p 400
  3. Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp.145–146.
  4. Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp.146–147.
  5. Mikesh and Abe 1990, p.147.
  6. Gustavsson, Håkan (2020-04-22). "Chinese biplane fighter aces - Zhu Jia-Xun". Biplane Fighter Aces - China. Archived from the original on 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2021-01-16. Zhu Jia-Xun was originally trained by Japanese Army instructors in the Kwangsi Provincial Air Force in China... a deputy squadron commander of the 8th PS of the 3rd PG when the Kwangsi Air Force was incorporated into the Central Chinese Air Force... Zhu spotted two Japanese Army Air Force (IJAAF) Type 93 twin-engine heavy bombers of the 6th Daitai (Group) on a reconnaissance mission. He attacked one of the bombers flown by Capt. Saburo Towata and sent it crashing in flames... the remaining bomber was set upon by the other Chinese fighters and badly shot up... the Japanese pilot Lt. Muto managed to crash-land his stricken... one gunner was killed and the rest wounded. During the action, other Chinese pilots spotted a Type 88 reconnaissance plane of the IJAAF 1st light bomber daitai of the 16th Hiko Rentai and shot it up, killing the observer and forcing it to crash land in no-man's land.
  7. Mikesh and Abe 1990, p.146.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi A5M</span> Japanese carrier-borne fighter aircraft

The Mitsubishi A5M, formal Japanese Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier-based Fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機), experimental Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Carrier Fighter, company designation Mitsubishi Ka-14, was a WWII-era Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft. The Type number is from the last two digits of the Japanese imperial year 2596 (1936) when it entered service with the Imperial Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Ki-10</span> Japanese fighter

The Kawasaki Ki-10 was the last biplane fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army, entering service in 1935. Built by Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K. for the Imperial Japanese Army, it saw combat service in Manchukuo and in North China during the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Its reporting name given by the Allies was "Perry".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Japanese Army Air Service</span> Aerial warfare branch of the Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAS) or Imperial Japanese Army Air Force was the aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). Just as the IJA in general was modeled mainly on the German Army, the IJAAS initially developed along similar lines to the Imperial German Army Aviation; its primary mission was to provide tactical close air support for ground forces, as well as a limited air interdiction capability. The IJAAS also provided aerial reconnaissance to other branches of the IJA. While the IJAAS engaged in strategic bombing of cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Canton, Chongqing, Rangoon, and Mandalay, this was not the primary mission of the IJAAS, and it lacked a heavy bomber force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakajima Ki-27</span> Japanese fighter aircraft

The Nakajima Ki-27 was the main fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service up until 1940. Its Allied nickname was "Nate", although it was called "Abdul" in the "China Burma India" (CBI) theater by many post war sources; Allied Intelligence had reserved that name for the nonexistent Mitsubishi Navy Type 97 fighter, expected to be the successor to the carrier-borne Type 96 with retractable landing gear and an enclosed cockpit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Ki-32</span> Japanese light bomber

The Kawasaki Ki-32 was a Japanese light bomber aircraft of World War II. It was a single-engine, two-seat, mid-wing, cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. An internal bomb bay accommodated a 300 kg (660 lb) offensive load, supplemented by 150 kg (330 lb) of bombs on external racks. During the war, it was known by the Allies by the name Mary. It was, however, mistakenly identified by the British as the Kawasaki Army KB-97 Mary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Ki-30</span> Type of aircraft

The Mitsubishi Ki-30 was a Japanese light bomber of World War II. It was a single-engine, mid-wing, cantilever monoplane of stressed-skin construction with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage and a long transparent cockpit canopy. The type had significance in being the first Japanese aircraft to be powered by a modern two-row radial engine. During the war, it was known by the Allies by the name Ann. It was mistakenly identified by the British as the Mitsubishi Army 97 Ann.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 2MR</span> Japanese reconnaissance aircraft

The Mitsubishi 2MR was a Japanese carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft of the 1920s, also known as the Navy Type 10 Carrier Reconnaissance Aircraft or the C1M in the Navy's short designation scheme. Designed for Mitsubishi by the British aircraft designer Herbert Smith, the 2MR was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy through the 1920s and 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Takeo Doi (aircraft designer)</span> Japanese aircraft designer

Takeo Doi was a Japanese aircraft designer. He designed many World War II fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. His most important work was the "Army Type 3 Fighter", aka Kawasaki Ki-61 "Hien" or "Tony". Also he was one of the chief designers of the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (NAMC) YS-11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Army Type 92 Fighter</span> Japanese fighter

The Kawasaki KDA-5 was a Japanese single-seat biplane fighter designed by the German Dr. Richard Vogt for the Imperial Japanese Army.

The Kawasaki KDC-2 was a 1920s Japanese light civil transport which Kawasaki developed from its Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft. Two were built and flown in 1928 and flew both regular and irregular services; the last retired in 1935.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki Ki-3</span> Type of aircraft

The Kawasaki Ki-3 was a light bomber built by Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K. for the Imperial Japanese Army in the 1930s. It was the last biplane bomber design to be produced for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and saw combat service in Manchukuo and in north China during the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakajima Ki-6</span> Japanese transport aircraft

The Nakajima Ki-6 was a licensed-produced version of the Fokker Super Universal transport built by Nakajima Aircraft Company in the 1930s. Initially used as an airliner, the militarized version was used by the Imperial Japanese Army in a variety of roles, ranging from medical evacuation to transport and training aircraft. It was used extensively in combat zones in Manchukuo and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries Aerospace Company is the aerospace division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI). It produces aircraft, space systems, simulators, jet engines, missiles, and electronic equipment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakajima Ki-11</span> Japanese fighter prototype

The Nakajima Ki-11 was an unsuccessful attempt by Nakajima Aircraft Company to meet a 1935 requirement issued by the Japanese government for a modern single-seat monoplane fighter suitable to meet the needs of both the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Richard Vogt was a military German aircraft designer who was known for his original airframes, including the asymmetrical BV 141 during World War II. After the war, he moved to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip, where he worked on American military aircraft design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Ki-33</span> Japanese experimental fighter

The Mitsubishi Ki-33 was an experimental monoplane fighter aircraft designed for the Japanese Imperial Army. Two prototypes flew in 1936 but the design never entered production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 2MR8</span> Type of aircraft

The Mitsubishi Army Type 92 Reconnaissance Aircraft (九二式偵察機) was a Japanese short-range reconnaissance aircraft of the 1930s designed by Mitsubishi for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. A total of 230 were built, serving between 1933 and 1936. A parasol monoplane, the Type 92 was the first military aircraft powered by an engine both designed and manufactured in Japan to enter service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki KDA-3</span> Japanese fighter prototype

The Kawasaki KDA-3 was a single-engine, parasol wing, single seat experimental fighter aircraft designed by Dornier engineer Dr. Richard Vogt and built by Kawasaki for the Japanese Imperial Army, first flying in 1928. The KDA-3 was built to replace the Ko-4 but only three prototypes were built and it was not ordered into production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 2MB2</span> Japanese light bomber prototype

The Mitsubishi 2MB2 or Experimental Washi-type Light Bomber was a prototype Japanese single-engined biplane light bomber of the 1920s. A single example was built for the Imperial Japanese Army, but no production followed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasaki C-5</span> Type of aircraft

The Kawasaki C-5 was a 1930s Japanese civil high speed long range monoplane built for the Japanese Asahi Shimbun newspaper to gather and disseminate news across the Japanese empire.

References