| Keera New South Wales | |
|---|---|
  Keera | |
| Coordinates | 30°00′00″S150°59′59″E / 30.00000°S 150.99972°E |
| Population | 45 (2016 census) |
| Established | 1837 |
| Postcode(s) | 2404 |
| Location | |
| LGA(s) | Gwydir Shire |
| State electorate(s) | Northern Tablelands |
| Federal division(s) | New England |
Keera is a locality on the upper Gwydir River in Murchison County in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The nearest town is Bingara which is approximately 20km to the north-west.
Keera is located on the junction of the Gwydir River and Keera Creek, and includes the hilly region extending south along the Keera and MacIntyre Creeks.
Keera is on the lands of the Wirraayaraay people who lived in the Gwydir region. They had similar customs and culture to the neighbouring Gamilaraay group of Aboriginal Australians.
British colonisation of Keera began in 1837 with the arrival of Richard Wiseman, who established two cattle stations, later known by the names Cooringoora and Keera. Wiseman neglected to staff Keera, and within the year it was occupied by Alexander Campbell who formed a pastoral property on behalf of his employer, Peter MacIntyre. For the next few years Keera was simply known as 'MacIntyre's station'. [1]
In June 1838, a vigilante gang of horsemen led by John Henry Fleming killed around 28 Aboriginal people at the nearby Myall Creek station in what has become known as the Myall Creek massacre. In the days after the massacre, Fleming's group came to 'MacIntyre's station' to kill Aborigines who had escaped the initial massacre. Reports indicate that around 10 more people were murdered by the gang at MacIntyre's, including an Aboriginal boy who was shot in the back. [1]
In 1839, MacIntyre sold the run to Allan Macpherson, son of the chief bureaucrat in the colonial Government of New South Wales, William Macpherson. It was Macpherson who named the property 'Keera', probably a corruption of the local Aboriginal word gireye meaning crayfish. [1]
From the late 1840s, Macpherson became involved in expanding his property interests into the northern frontier regions. He attempted to establish the Mount Abundance leasehold near what is now the town of Roma, Queensland, but strong Aboriginal resistance caused him to abandon the project and return to Scotland. [2]
In 1858, Macpherson returned to Australia and sold Keera to Donald Munro, a Scottish storekeeper from Moree. The Munro family became prominent pastoralists in the area after the 1874 purchase of the 'Weebollabolla' property from the family of Thomas Simpson Hall. [3] In 1887, Keera was sold off to Thomas Cook of Turanville, with Donald Munro's son Hugh R. Munro being retained as partner and manager of the property. Hugh R. Munro later bought Keera outright and expanded the family's pastoral business interests into the frozen beef and horse-racing industries. [4] In 1926, Donald's grandson, Hugh Gordon Munro, established the Booroomooka Angus Stud at Keera, which today remains in operation under the Munro family. The wife of Hugh Gordon Munro, Grace Emily Munro, founded the Country Women's Association in 1922. [5] [6]
In 2016, the population of the Keera region was around 45 people.
Roma is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre of the Maranoa Region. The town was incorporated in 1867 and is named after Lady Diamantina Bowen, the wife of Sir George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland at the time. In the 2016 census, the locality of Roma had a population of 6,848 people.
Moree is a town in Moree Plains Shire in northern New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the banks of the Mehi River, in the centre of the rich black-soil plains. The town is located at the junction of the Newell Highway and Gwydir Highway and can be reached by daily train and air services from Sydney.
Bingara is a small town on the Gwydir River in Murchison County in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. Bingara is currently the administrative centre for the Gwydir Shire that was created in 2003. The Gwydir River being a main highlight of the town is a main catchment of the Murray-Darling System.
The Waterloo Creek massacre refers to a series of violent clashes between mounted police, civilian vigilantes and Indigenous Gamilaraay peoples, which occurred southwest of Moree, New South Wales, Australia, during December 1837 and January 1838. The Waterloo Creek Massacre site is listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register as a place of significance in frontier violence leading to the murder of Gamilaraay people. The events have been subject to much dispute, due to wildly conflicting accounts by various participants and in subsequent reports and historical analyses, about the nature and number of fatalities and the lawfulness of the actions. Interpretation of the events at Waterloo Creek was raised again during the controversial "history wars" which began in the 1990s in Australia.
Inverell is a large town in northern New South Wales, Australia, situated on the Macintyre River, close to the Queensland border. It is also the centre of Inverell Shire. Inverell is located on the Gwydir Highway on the western slopes of the Northern Tablelands. It has a temperate climate. In the 2021 census, the population of Inverell was 12,057 and the Inverell Shire population was 17,853.
The Myall Creek massacre was the killing of at least twenty-eight unarmed Indigenous Australians by twelve colonists on 10 June 1838 at the Myall Creek near the Gwydir River, in northern New South Wales. After two trials, seven of the twelve colonists were found guilty of murder and hanged, a verdict which sparked extreme controversy within New South Wales settler society. One—the leader and free settler John Fleming—evaded arrest and was never tried. Four were never retried following the not guilty verdict of the first trial. Nevertheless, the prosecutions, the only successful one conducted against Australian settlers accused of massacring Aboriginals, have been described more as war crimes trials than a standard murder prosecution, as they occurred during the Australian frontier wars.
Sir George Gipps was the Governor of the British Colony of New South Wales for eight years, between 1838 and 1846. His governorship oversaw a tumultuous period where the rights to land were bitterly contested in a three way struggle between the colonial government, Aboriginal people and wealthy graziers known as squatters. The management of other major issues such as the end of convict transportation, large immigration programs and the introduction of majority elected representation also featured strongly during his tenure. Gipps is regarded as having brought a high moral and intellectual standard to the position of governor, but was ultimately defeated in his aims by the increasing power and avarice of the squatters.
Angus McMillan was a Scottish-born explorer, pioneer pastoralist, and perpetrator of several of the Gippsland massacres of Gunai people.
The Gippsland massacres were a series of mass murders of Gunai Kurnai people, an Aboriginal Australian people living in East Gippsland, Victoria, committed by European settlers and the Aboriginal Police during the Australian frontier wars.
The following lists events that happened during 1838 in Australia.
"Squatting" is a historical Australian term that referred to someone occupying a large tract of Crown land to graze livestock. Initially often having no legal rights to the land, squatters became recognised by the colonial government as owning the land by being the first European settlers in the area. Eventually, the term "squattocracy", a play on "aristocracy", came into usage to refer to squatters and the social and political power they possessed.
Henry Dangar (1796–1861) was a surveyor and explorer of Australia in the early period of British colonisation. He became a successful pastoralist and businessman, and also served as a magistrate and politician. He was born on 18 November 1796 at St Neot, Cornwall, United Kingdom, and was the first of six brothers to emigrate as free settlers to the Colony of New South Wales. From 1845 to 1851 Dangar was a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.
Allan Macpherson was a squatter, pastoralist and politician in the colony of New South Wales, a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Bingara Shire was a local government area located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Tamworth via Fossickers Way. The Shire, administered from the town of Bingara covered an area of 2,853.7 square kilometres (1,101.8 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1906 until 2004, when it was amalgamated with Yallaroi Shire and part of Barraba to form the Gwydir Shire.
Joseph Fleming was an Australian born pastoralist and politician who was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.
The Border Police of New South Wales was a frontier policing body introduced by the colonial government of New South Wales with the passing of the Crown Lands Unauthorised Occupation Act 1839.
Myall Creek Massacre and Memorial Site is the heritage-listed site of and memorial for the victims of the Myall Creek massacre at Bingara Delungra Road, Myall Creek, Gwydir Shire, New South Wales, Australia. The memorial, which was unveiled in 2000, was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 7 June 2008 and the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 12 November 2010.
Myall Creek is a locality split between the local government areas of Inverell Shire and the Gwydir Shire in New South Wales, Australia. In the 2016 census, Myall Creek had a population of 38 people.
John Henry Fleming was an Australian born pastoralist who is best known as being the ringleader of the 1838 Myall Creek massacre which resulted in the murder of at least twenty-eight unarmed Indigenous Australians.
 | This Australian geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |