The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,and several others,after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They consider themselves the continuation of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaat. The main purpose of this movement was to reject the grave worshipping,shirk and protect the orthodoxy of Islam from Bidah,as well as the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist,secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
Muhammad Rafi Usmani was a Pakistani Muslim scholar,jurist and author who served as the President of Darul Uloom Karachi. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband,University of the Punjab and the Darul Uloom Karachi. He authored books including Ahkām-e-Zakāt,Al-Tālīqāt al-nāfi'ah alāfath al-mulhim,Islām mai aurat ki hukmrāni and Nawādir al-Fiqh. He was a syndicate member of the University of Karachi,vice-president and a member of the executive council of Wifaq-ul-Madaris. His brother Muhammad Taqi Usmani is also a senior scholar.
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (often referred as Hakimul Ummat and Mujaddidul Millat was a late-nineteenth and twentieth-century Sunni scholar,jurist,thinker,reformist and the revival of classical Sufi thought from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj,one of the chief proponents of Pakistan Movement. He was a central figure of Islamic spiritual,intellectual and religious life in South Asia and continues to be highly influential today. As a prolific author,he completed over a thousand works including Bayan Ul Quran and Bahishti Zewar. He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved to Kanpur,then Thana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah,where he resided until the end of his life. His training in Quran,Hadith,Fiqh studies and Sufism qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars of Deoband. His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy,Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society. He offered a sketch of a Muslim community that is collective,patriarchal,hierarchical and compassion-based.
Manazir Ahsan Gilani was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and former Dean of the Faculty of Theology at Osmania University. Some of his notable works include Tadwin-e-Hadith,Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh,Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari,and Sawanih-e-Qasmi. Muhammad Hamidullah,a historian and hadith researcher,was among his students.
Mujahidul Islam Qasmi was an Indian Mufti,Qadhi and Islamic scholar,founder of Islamic Fiqh Academy. He served as the President of All India Muslim Personal Law Board.
Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA) of India is a Deobandi fiqh organization. It was established in 1988 in New Delhi under the guidance of Mujahidul Islam Qasmi. The primary objective of the academy is to address contemporary issues and challenges faced by Muslims in light of the principles and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence,as derived from the Quran,Sunnah,and the interpretations of classical jurists and scholars. The IFA aims to find solutions to problems arising from social,political,economic,industrial,and technological developments through collective efforts and research. It organizes seminars,symposiums,and conferences,and prepares literature to address new issues and challenges faced by Muslims in the modern world. The academy focuses on promoting the principles of fiqh and Islamic ethics,while also fostering dialogue and cooperation with other academic and fiqh institutions worldwide.
Muhammad Salim Qasmi Siddiqi was an Indian Muslim scholar who co-founded the Darul Uloom Waqf in Deoband and served as its first rector. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. He received the fourth Shah Waliullah Award and was honoured with the Mark of Distinction from Egypt.
Muhammad Taqi Amīni was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar,jurist,Urdu author and the dean of Theology faculty of Aligarh Muslim University. He is known for his works on Islamic jurisprudence,and his book Fiqh Islami ka Tareekhi Pas-e-Manzar is a required reading for master's degree in Islamic studies at the Islamic University of Science &Technology.
Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri,was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and author who served as Shaykh al-Hadith and Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. A number of his books are required readings in Darul Uloom Deoband.
Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He is best known for his Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband. His brother was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
Nazir Ahmad Qasmi is a Kashmiri Sunni Islamic scholar and jurist who serves as the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and the Imārat-e-Sharia;and a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and general secretary of the Majlis-e-Fiqhi,Jammu and Kashmir.
Zafeeruddin Miftāhi was an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who served as a Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and the second president of Islamic Fiqh Academy. He compiled the religious verdicts of Azizur Rahman Usmani,called the Fatāwa Darul Uloom Deoband in twelve volumes and wrote books including Islām Ka Nizām-e-Masājid,Islām Ka Nizām Iffat-o-Asmat and Tārīkh-e-Masājid.
Habībur Rahmān Khairābadi is an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who serves as a Mufti at the Darul Uloom Deoband. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Mau,Mazahir Uloom and the Aligarh Muslim University. He has authored books including The Rules of Slaughter and The Importance of Zakat. He signed the Darul Uloom Deoband's first ever religious edict against terrorism in 2008.
Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri was a Kashmiri Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the senior professor of hadith at Darul Uloom Waqf. He also taught hadith at Jamia Ziya al-Uloom and Jamiat al-Tayyibat in Poonch. He was among the early graduates of Darul Uloom Waqf and authored books such as Hayat-e-Tayyib,a biography of Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi.
Deobandi fiqh is a school of Islamic jurisprudence that is based on the Hanafi school of Islamic law. It is associated with the Deobandi movement,which originated in India in the late 19th century and has since spread to other parts of the world,particularly in South Asia. Deobandi fiqh emphasizes a strict adherence to the Quran and the Sunnah,and seeks to ensure that all aspects of daily life are guided by Islamic law. It places a strong emphasis on the principles of fiqh,or Islamic jurisprudence,and is known for its strict interpretation of Islamic law. It also emphasizes the importance of Islamic ethics and morality,and emphasizes the need for Muslims to lead a pious and virtuous life. Deobandi fiqh has had a significant influence on Islamic education and scholarship,particularly in South Asia and among the global South Asian diaspora. It plays a foundational role in the judiciary of Afghanistan. It has also been associated with various Islamic political movements and has been a subject of controversy and debate within the Muslim community.
Fatawa-e-Rashidiya is a collection of Islamic legal verdicts,or fatwas,written by the Indian scholar Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in the late 19th century. It contains over 2000 fatwas on various topics related to Islamic beliefs,practices,and customs,and played an important role in eradicating false innovations and un-Islamic customs from Muslim society. The collection was the first of its kind from any scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and is considered a significant work in the history of Islamic scholarship in the Indian subcontinent. It was originally published in three separate parts,but has since been combined into one volume. The fatwas were written during Rashid Ahmad Gangohi's tenure as the mufti of the Darul Uloom Deoband,a prominent Islamic seminary in northern India,and cover a wide range of topics including religious beliefs,rituals,customs,and social issues. The fatwas are written in a concise and straightforward manner,without delving into detailed discussions or referencing the views of other Islamic scholars. It has been a valuable source of Islamic legal guidance for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent and beyond,and continues to be studied and referenced by scholars and students of Islamic law.
Nizamuddin Azami was an Islamic scholar who served as the twelfth and last Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He made contributions in Islamic jurisprudence,and his works include Muntakhabat-e-Nizām al-Fatāwa,a collection of selected fatwas he wrote during his tenure at Deoband.
Nematullah Azami,also written as Nematullah Azmi,is an Indian Islamic scholar,muhaddith,a commentator on the Quran (mufassir),and a faqīh. He is the president of India's Islamic Fiqh Academy. He has also been serving as a senior lecturer at Darul Uloom Deoband for forty years.
Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1967),also spelt as Muhammad Ibrahim Balliavi,was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as the 6th Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. He spent almost 50 years instructing Hadith,Mantiq,Islamic philosophy,and other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband.
