The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It was formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They opposed influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslims living in South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulama of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist,secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khilafat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. Uttar Pradesh-based Darul Uloom is one of the most important Islamic seminaries in India and the largest in the world. It is located in Deoband,a town in Saharanpur district,Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Fazlur Rahman Usmani,Sayyid Muhammad Abid and others in 1866. Mahmud Deobandi was the first teacher and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was the first student.
All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) is a non-governmental organization in India that represents the interests of Muslims in matters of personal law. It was formed in 1973 with the objective of protecting and promoting the application of Islamic personal law among Muslims in India. The AIMPLB is primarily concerned with issues related to marriage,divorce,inheritance,and other personal matters governed by Islamic law,known as Shariah. The AIMPLB has been involved in various significant cases and debates,including those related to the Muslim Women Act,the Shah Bano case,and the Triple Talaq issue. It has also played a role in advocating for the preservation of Muslim personal laws and resisting attempts to introduce a uniform civil code in India.
Manazir Ahsan Gilani was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and former Dean of the Faculty of Theology at Osmania University. Some of his notable works include Tadwin-e-Hadith,Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh,Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari,and Sawanih-e-Qasmi. Muhammad Hamidullah,a historian and hadith researcher,was among his students.
Mujahidul Islam Qasmi was an Indian Mufti,Qadhi and Islamic scholar,founder of Islamic Fiqh Academy. He served as the President of All India Muslim Personal Law Board.
Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA) of India is a Deobandi fiqh organization. It was established in 1988 in New Delhi under the guidance of Mujahidul Islam Qasmi. The primary objective of the academy is to address contemporary issues and challenges faced by Muslims in light of the principles and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence,as derived from the Quran,Sunnah,and the interpretations of classical jurists and scholars. The IFA aims to find solutions to problems arising from social,political,economic,industrial,and technological developments through collective efforts and research. It organizes seminars,symposiums,and conferences,and prepares literature to address new issues and challenges faced by Muslims in the modern world. The academy focuses on promoting the principles of fiqh and Islamic ethics,while also fostering dialogue and cooperation with other academic and fiqh institutions worldwide.
Muhammad Salim Qasmi Siddiqi was an Indian Muslim scholar who co-founded the Darul Uloom Waqf in Deoband and served as its first rector. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. He received the fourth Shah Waliullah Award and was honoured with the Mark of Distinction from Egypt.
Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri,was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and author who served as Shaykh al-Hadith and Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. A number of his books are required readings in Darul Uloom Deoband.
Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He is best known for his Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband. His brother was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
Nazir Ahmad Qasmi is a Kashmiri Sunni Islamic scholar and jurist who serves as the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and the Imārat-e-Sharia;and a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and general secretary of the Majlis-e-Fiqhi,Jammu and Kashmir.
Zafeeruddin Miftāhi was an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who served as a Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and the second president of Islamic Fiqh Academy. He compiled the religious verdicts of Azizur Rahman Usmani,called the Fatāwa Darul Uloom Deoband in twelve volumes and wrote books including Islām Ka Nizām-e-Masājid,Islām Ka Nizām Iffat-o-Asmat and Tārīkh-e-Masājid.
Habībur Rahmān Khairābadi is an Indian Muslim scholar and jurist who serves as a Mufti at the Darul Uloom Deoband. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Mau,Mazahir Uloom and the Aligarh Muslim University. He has authored books including The Rules of Slaughter and The Importance of Zakat. He signed the Darul Uloom Deoband's first ever religious edict against terrorism in 2008.
Deobandi fiqh is a school of Islamic jurisprudence that is based on the Hanafi school of Islamic law. It is associated with the Deobandi movement,which originated in India in the late 19th century and has since spread to other parts of the world,particularly in South Asia. Deobandi fiqh emphasizes a strict adherence to the Quran and the Sunnah,and seeks to ensure that all aspects of daily life are guided by Islamic law. It places a strong emphasis on the principles of fiqh,or Islamic jurisprudence,and is known for its strict interpretation of Islamic law. It also emphasizes the importance of Islamic ethics and morality,and emphasizes the need for Muslims to lead a pious and virtuous life. Deobandi fiqh has had a significant influence on Islamic education and scholarship,particularly in South Asia and among the global South Asian diaspora. It plays a foundational role in the judiciary of Afghanistan. It has also been associated with various Islamic political movements and has been a subject of controversy and debate within the Muslim community.
Fatawa-e-Rashidiya is a collection of Islamic legal verdicts,or fatwas,written by the Indian scholar Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in the late 19th century. It contains over 2000 fatwas on various topics related to Islamic beliefs,practices,and customs,and played an important role in eradicating false innovations and un-Islamic customs from Muslim society. The collection was the first of its kind from any scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and is considered a significant work in the history of Islamic scholarship in the Indian subcontinent. It was originally published in three separate parts,but has since been combined into one volume. The fatwas were written during Rashid Ahmad Gangohi's tenure as the mufti of the Darul Uloom Deoband,a prominent Islamic seminary in northern India,and cover a wide range of topics including religious beliefs,rituals,customs,and social issues. The fatwas are written in a concise and straightforward manner,without delving into detailed discussions or referencing the views of other Islamic scholars. It has been a valuable source of Islamic legal guidance for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent and beyond,and continues to be studied and referenced by scholars and students of Islamic law.
Nizamuddin Azami was an Islamic scholar who served as the twelfth and last Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He made contributions in Islamic jurisprudence,and his works include Muntakhabat-e-Nizām al-Fatāwa,a collection of selected fatwas he wrote during his tenure at Deoband.
Nematullah Azami,also written as Nematullah Azmi and Ni'matullah Azami,is an Indian Islamic hadith scholar,a commentator on the Quran (mufassir),and a faqīh. He is the president of India's Islamic Fiqh Academy. He has also been serving as a senior lecturer at Darul Uloom Deoband for forty years.
Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi is an Indian Islamic scholar,da'i,Hadith lecturer and author who has served as the Chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama since 2023. He also serves as the General Secretary of the Payam-e-Insaniyat and a member of the executive council of Darul Uloom Deoband.
Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami,Hyderabad,also written as Al Mahad Al Aali Al Islami or Al Mahad Ul Aali Al Islami,is an Islamic institute located in Hyderabad,Telangana. It was founded in January 2000 by Khalid Saifullah Rahmani. The primary goal of its establishment is to train fresh graduates from Islamic institutions in various Islamic subjects. It also provides training in modern topics such as Islamic finance,banking,and the stock market.
Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani is an Indian Islamic scholar,mufti,and writer who serves as the deputy director of Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami,Hyderabad. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Sabil-us-Salam of Hyderabad,Darul Uloom Deoband,Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami,Maulana Azad National Urdu University,Osmania University,and the Islamic University of Madinah. He has written several books,including Uloom-ul-Hadīth,Hindustān Mein Islam Ki Aamad Aur Ishā'at,Huqūq Aur Unki Kharīd-o-Farokht,Qurān-e-Karīm:Aadāb o Ahkām,and Ulama-e-Hind Ki Chand Aham Qurani Khidmāt.
