Willem Frederik "Wim" Duisenberg was a Dutch politician and economist who served as President of the European Central Bank from 1 June 1998 until 31 October 2003. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).
Constantin Mugur Isărescu is the governor of the National Bank of Romania,a position he has been holding since September 1990,with the sole exception of a period of time of one year,during which he served as Prime Minister of Romania. In addition,he is also a member of the Romanian Academy.
Olli Ilmari Rehn is a Finnish public official who has been serving as governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. A member of the Centre Party,he previously served as the European Commissioner for Enlargement from 2004 to 2010,European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro from 2010 to 2014,and Minister of Economic Affairs in Juha Sipilä's cabinet from 2015 until 2016. Rehn ran for President of Finland as an independent candidate in 2024,but was not elected.
Ewald Nowotny is an Austrian economist and social democratic politician and former governor of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank. He was also a member of the European Central Bank’s governing council.
Erkki Antero Liikanen is a Finnish social democratic politician and a former Governor of the Bank of Finland.
Philip Richard Lane is an Irish economist who has been serving as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2019 and concurrently as ECB chief economist. He previously served as Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland from 2015 to 2019. As ECB Chief Economist,Lane is seen by many as providing an academic counterweight to the traditional political abilities of ECB President,Christine Lagarde.
Jens Weidmann is a German economist who served as president of the Deutsche Bundesbank between 2011 and 2021. He also served as chairman of the Board of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
Arnout Henricus Elisabeth Maria "Nout" Wellink is a Dutch economist and former central banker.
Carlos da Silva Costa is a Portuguese economist who served as Governor of the Bank of Portugal from June 7,2010 to July 20,2020,when he was succeeded by Mário Centeno.
Ardo Hillar Hansson is an Estonian American economist. He was the Governor of Bank of Estonia from 2012 to 2019.
Ignazio Visco is an Italian economist and central banker and Governor of the Bank of Italy from 2011 to 2023.
Luis de Guindos Jurado is a Spanish politician serving as Vice-President of the European Central Bank since 2018. He previously served as Spain's Minister of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness from 2011 to 2018.
YannisStournaras is a Greek economist who has been the Governor of the Bank of Greece since June 2014.
Boris Vujčić is a Croatian economist,university professor,and the Governor of the Croatian National Bank,a position he has held since 2012.
François Villeroy de Galhau is a French civil servant and banker who has served as Governor of the Bank of France and ex officio President of the French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority since 2015.
Mário JoséGomes de Freitas Centeno is a Portuguese economist,university professor,and politician. From 2015 to 2020,he was Minister of Finance of Portugal in the government cabinet of Prime Minister António Costa of the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS). He was the president of the Eurogroup and chairman of the board of Governors of the European Stability Mechanism from 2018 to 2020. Previously,he was a board member economist of the Bank of Portugal. On 9 June 2020,he announced his resignation from the Ministry of Finance,effective 15 June. On 16 July 2020,the Council of Ministers approved Centeno's nomination for the post of Governor of the Bank of Portugal,put forward by his successor as Finance minister,João Leão. Centeno is the author or co-author of several scientific publications,books and book chapters related to his areas of interest,such as labour economics,econometrics,microeconomics and contract theory.
Pablo Hernández de Cos is a Spanish economist who served as the 70th governor of the Bank of Spain from 2018 to 2024. He also served as chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and as chair of the Advisory Technical Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board. He is a professor at IESE Business School.
Frank Elderson is a Dutch lawyer who has been serving as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2020.
Joachim Nagel is a German economist who has been serving as President of the Bundesbank since 2022. Before he was a senior manager of the Bank for International Settlements since 2020,having been a member of the board of the Deutsche Bundesbank from 2010 to 2016 and then a member of the board of the KfW Bankengruppe from 2017 to 2020. He was appointed President of the Deutsche Bundesbank on 1 January 2022,to replace Jens Weidmann. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD),along with the President who appointed him to serve initially under SPD Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
Osservatorio Permanente Giovani-Editori (OPGE) is an Italian nonprofit organization based in Florence,Italy whose aim is to develop critical thinking of younger generations through its leadership in media education,economic-financial literacy,and quality information in the classroom. Officially founded on June 5,2000,it promotes and organizes events,educational programs,books and research on the topics of civility and critical thinking,with millions of students and tens of thousands of teachers,primarily from secondary schools,involved over the years.
