Trilateral Commission

Last updated
The Trilateral Commission
Founded1973 (1973)
Founders David Rockefeller, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Jimmy Carter
TypeAnnual conference
Headquarters
Members
More than 390
Chairman
Website www.trilateral.org

The Trilateral Commission is a nongovernmental international organization aimed at fostering closer cooperation between Japan, Western Europe and North America. [1] It was founded in July 1973, principally by American banker and philanthropist David Rockefeller, an internationalist [2] who sought to address the challenges posed by the growing economic and political interdependence between the U.S. and its allies in North America, Western Europe, and Japan. [3] The leadership of the organization has since focused on returning to "our roots as a group of countries sharing common values and a commitment to the rule of law, open economies and societies, and democratic principles". [4]

Contents

The Trilateral Commission is headed by an executive committee and three regional chairs representing Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific region, with headquarters in Paris, Washington, D.C., and Tokyo, respectively. Meetings are held annually at locations that rotate among the three regions; regional and national meetings are held throughout the year. [5] Most gatherings focus on discussing reports and debating strategy to meet the commission's aims.[ citation needed ]

The Trilateral Commission represents influential commercial and political interests. As of 2021, there were roughly 400 members, including leading figures in politics, business, media, and academia. Each country within the three regions is assigned a quota of members reflecting its relative political and economic strength.[ citation needed ]

History

Founding

The Trilateral Commission was formed in 1973 by private citizens of Japan, North American nations (the U.S. and Canada), and Western European nations [3] to foster substantive political and economic dialogue across the world. The idea of the commission was developed in the early 1970s, a time of considerable discord among the United States and its allies in Western Europe, Japan, and Canada. [6] To quote its founding declaration:

Zbigniew Brzezinski, a Rockefeller advisor who was a specialist on international affairs (and later President Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor from 1977 to 1981), left Columbia University to organize the group, along with: [8]

Other founding members included Alan Greenspan and Paul Volcker, both later heads of the Federal Reserve System. [ citation needed ]

The organization's records are stored at the Rockefeller Archive Center in North Tarrytown, NY. [13]

Meetings

The Trilateral Commission initiated its biannual meetings in October 1973 in Tokyo, Japan. In May 1976 the first plenary meeting of all of the commission's regional groups took place in Kyoto, Japan. Since the ninth meeting in 1978, plenary meetings have taken place annually. Besides annual plenary meetings, regional meetings have also taken place in each of the Asia Pacific Group, the European Group and the North American Group. [14] Since its founding, the discussion group has produced an official journal, Trialogue.[ citation needed ]

Membership

Membership is divided into numbers proportionate to each of the think tank's three regional areas. North America is represented by 120 members: 20 Canadian, 13 Mexican and 87 American. The European group has reached its limit of 170 members from almost every country on the continent; the ceilings for individual countries are 20 for Germany, 18 for France, Italy and the United Kingdom, 12 for Spain and 1–6 for the rest. At first Asia and Oceania were represented only by Japan, but in 2000 the Japanese group of 85 members became the Pacific Asia group, comprising 117 members: 75 Japanese, 11 South Koreans, seven Australian and New Zealand citizens, and 15 members from the ASEAN nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand). The Pacific Asia group also included 9 members from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The commission now claims "more than 100" Pacific Asian members. [7]

The Trilateral Commission's bylaws apparently deny membership to public officials. It draws its members from politics, business, and academia, and has three chairpersons, one from each region. The current chairs are former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Joseph S. Nye, Jr., former head of the European Central Bank Jean-Claude Trichet, and Yasuchika Hasegawa, chair of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. [15]

Leadership

As of September 2021 [16]

NamePosition
Jean-Claude Trichet European Chairman
Meghan O'Sullivan North American Chairman
Akihiko Tanaka Asia Pacific Chairman
Alexandra Papalexopoulou European Deputy Chairman
Herminio Blanco Mendoza North American Deputy Chairman
Barry Desker Asia Pacific Deputy Chairman
Carl Bildt European Deputy Chairman
Jeffrey Simpson North American Deputy Chairman
Jin Roy Ryu Asia Pacific Deputy Chairman
David Rockefeller (deceased)Founder
Peter Sutherland (deceased)Honorary European Chairman
Georges Berthoin European Honorary Chairman
Paul Volcker (deceased)North American Honorary Chairman
Yasuchika Hasegawa Asia Pacific Honorary Chairman
Paolo Magri European Director
Richard Fontaine North American Director
Hideko Katsumata Asia Pacific Director

Notable members

Assessments

Social critic and academic Noam Chomsky has criticized the commission as undemocratic, pointing to its key publication The Crisis of Democracy , which describes the strong popular interest in politics during the 1970s as an "excess of democracy". [61] He has cited it as one of the most interesting and insightful books showing the modern democratic system not to really be a democracy at all, but controlled by elites who seek to keep the general public disengaged from genuine democratic participation by subtle and mostly non-violent methods and to redefine democracy itself in operative terms that enshrine their own interests as a tiny privileged minority. Chomsky adds that as it was an internal discussion, they felt free to "let their hair down" and to talk openly about the need for an increasingly active and defiant public to be reduced back to its proper state of apathy and obedience lest it continue to use democratic means to deprive them of their power. [62]

Critics accuse the Commission of promoting a global consensus among the international ruling classes in order to manage international affairs in the interest of the financial and industrial elites under the Trilateral umbrella. [63] [64]

In his 1980 book With No Apologies, Republican Senator Barry Goldwater suggested that the discussion group was "a skillful, coordinated effort to seize control and consolidate the four centers of power: political, monetary, intellectual, and ecclesiastical... [in] the creation of a worldwide economic power superior to the political governments of the nation-states involved." [65]

Conspiracy theories involving the Trilateral Commission

Some conspiracy theorists believe the organization to be a central plotter of a world government or synarchy. In his book Among the Truthers: A Journey Through America's Growing Conspiracist Underground, Jonathan Kay wrote that Luke Rudkowski interrupted a lecture by former Trilateral Commission director Zbigniew Brzezinski in April 2007 and accused the organization and a few others of having orchestrated the 9/11 attacks to initiate a new world order. [66]

Economist Anthony C. Sutton was critical of the Trilateral Commission's goals and methods, but also said the group could not be characterized as conspiratorial. He wrote: "The Trilateral Commission is not a conspiracy. Its membership list is completely public - it costs a postage stamp to get one. The Commission publishes dozens of booklets. The organization is completely above ground." Furthermore, Sutton noted he had debated a high-ranking member of the group on a radio broadcast and concluded: "Conspirators just don't appear on radio talk shows to debate their objectives." [67]

Neo-conservative pundit Charles Krauthammer mockingly alluded to the conspiracy theories about the commission when he was asked in 2012 who makes up the "Republican establishment", saying, "Karl Rove is the president. We meet every month on the full moon... [at] the Masonic Temple. We have the ritual: Karl brings the incense, I bring the live lamb and the long knife, and we began... with a pledge of allegiance to the Trilateral Commission." [68]

Publications

Books

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zbigniew Brzezinski</span> Polish-American diplomat and political scientist (1928–2017)

Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński, known as Zbig, was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist. He served as a counselor to Lyndon B. Johnson from 1966 to 1968 and was Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor from 1977 to 1981. As a scholar, Brzezinski belonged to the realist school of international relations, standing in the geopolitical tradition of Halford Mackinder and Nicholas J. Spykman, while elements of liberal idealism have also been identified in his outlook. Brzezinski was the primary organizer of The Trilateral Commission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bilderberg Meeting</span> Annual private conference

The Bilderberg Meeting is an annual off-the-record forum established in 1954 to foster dialogue between Europe and North America. The group's agenda, originally to prevent another world war, is now defined as bolstering a consensus around free market Western capitalism and its interests around the globe. Participants include political leaders, experts, captains of industry, finance, academia, numbering between 120 and 150. Attendees are entitled to use information gained at meetings, but not attribute it to a named speaker. The group states that the purpose of this is to encourage candid debate while at the same time maintaining privacy, but critics from a wide range of viewpoints have called it into question, and it has provoked conspiracy theories from both the left and right.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Council on Foreign Relations</span> American think tank on foreign policy

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations. Founded in 1921, it is an independent and nonpartisan 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. CFR is based in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Its membership has included senior politicians, secretaries of state, CIA directors, bankers, lawyers, professors, corporate directors, CEOs, and prominent media figures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Holbrooke</span> American diplomat and author (1941–2010)

Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke was an American diplomat and author. He was the only person to have held the position of Assistant Secretary of State for two different regions of the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brent Scowcroft</span> US National Security Advisor (1925–2020)

Brent Scowcroft was a United States Air Force officer who was a two-time United States National Security Advisor, first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. He served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, and advised President Barack Obama on choosing his national security team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Nye</span> American political scientist (born 1937)

Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. is an American political scientist. He and Robert Keohane co-founded the international relations theory of neoliberalism, which they developed in their 1977 book Power and Interdependence. Together with Keohane, he developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence. They also explored transnational relations and world politics in an edited volume in the 1970s. More recently, he pioneered the theory of soft power. His notion of "smart power" became popular with the use of this phrase by members of the Clinton Administration and the Obama Administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Rockefeller</span> American banker and philanthropist (1915–2017)

David Rockefeller was an American economist and investment banker who served as chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was the oldest living member of the third generation of the Rockefeller family, and family patriarch from 2004 until his death in 2017. Rockefeller was the fifth son and youngest child of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, and a grandson of John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winston Lord</span> American diplomat

Winston Lord is a retired American diplomat. As Special Assistant to the National Security Advisor and then as Director of Policy Planning at the United States Department of State, Lord was a close adviser to Henry A. Kissinger and was instrumental in bringing about the renormalization of U.S.-China relations in the 1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erkki Liikanen</span> Finnish politician

Erkki Antero Liikanen is a Finnish social democratic politician and a former Governor of the Bank of Finland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graham Allison</span> American political scientist

Graham Tillett Allison Jr. is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is known for his contributions in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision making, especially during times of crisis. His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection, co-written with Peter L. Szanton, was published in 1976 and influenced the foreign policy of the Carter administration. Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">R. Nicholas Burns</span> American diplomat and international relations scholar (born 1956)

Robert Nicholas Burns is an American diplomat and international relations scholar who has been serving as the United States ambassador to China since 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurt M. Campbell</span> American diplomat and businessman (born 1957)

Kurt Michael Campbell is an American diplomat and businessman serving as the United States deputy secretary of state since 2024. He previously served as National Security Council coordinator for the Indo-Pacific from 2021 to 2024. In this capacity, Campbell had been referred to as the Biden administration's "Asia coordinator" or "Asia czar"—chief architect of Joe Biden's Asia strategy.

Membership in the Council on Foreign Relations comes in two types: Individual and Corporate. Individual memberships are further subdivided into two types: Life Membership and Term Membership, the latter of which is for a single period of five years and is available to those between the ages of 30 and 36 at the time of their application. Only U.S. citizens and permanent residents who have applied for U.S. citizenship are eligible. A candidate for life membership must be nominated in writing by one Council member and seconded by a minimum of three others.

Henry David Owen was a diplomat, Brookings Institution Director (1969–78) and United States Ambassador at Large for Economic Summit Affairs from 1977 to 1981, on the National Security Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Hormats</span>

Robert David "Bob" Hormats is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs (International), which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary, from 1977 to 1979, and Assistant Secretary of State, from 1981 to 1982, at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. He was Ambassador and Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Security Council from 1969 to 1977, where he was senior economic adviser to Henry Kissinger, General Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski. He helped to manage the Nixon administration's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honor in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Bilderberg Conference</span>

The 2013 Bilderberg Conference took place June 6–9, 2013, at The Grove hotel in Watford, Hertfordshire, England. It was the first Bilderberg Group conference to be held in the United Kingdom since the 1998 meeting in Turnberry, Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jane Wales</span>

Jane Wales is an American non-profit executive and former US government official who has served on the boards of directors of and founded many institutions. She is a Vice President of the Aspen Institute, and was the CEO of the World Affairs Council of Northern California for 20 years before resigning in 2019. She was also the founder and CEO of the Global Philanthropy Forum, She helped found the African Philanthropy Forum and the Brazilian Philanthropy Forum, and was the initial Executive Director of the Elders. Moreover, she advises many philanthropists and is a member of the board of the Center for a New American Security. She serves as co-chair of the Generosity Commission. Her articles have appeared in The Guardian, the Stanford Social Science Review, Aspen Ideas Magazine and other publications. She is frequently interviewed on national security and economic development issues on television and public radio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Bilderberg Conference</span>

The 2015 Bilderberg Conference took place between 11 and 14 June 2015 at the Interalpen-Hotel Tyrol in Telfs-Buchen, Austria. The hotel had previously held the Bilderberg Conference in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marta Dassù</span> Italian politician

Marta Dassù is an Italian politician who served as Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs in the government led by Mario Monti from 2011 to 2013 and as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Enrico Letta from 2013 to 2014. She serves as Senior Director of European Affairs at the Aspen Institute and Editor-in-Chief of Aspen Institute Italia's journal, Aspenia. She is a regular contributor to the Italian newspaper La Stampa.

References

  1. ↑ "David Rockefeller". Trilateral Commission. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "Obituary: David Rockefeller died on March 20th". The Economist. 2017-04-08. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  3. 1 2 "ABOUT THE TRILATERAL COMMISSION" . Retrieved Jul 12, 2018.
  4. ↑ "About Us". The Trilateral Commission. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  5. ↑ "Trilateral Commission | History & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  6. ↑ "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS". The Trilateral Commission. Retrieved Jul 12, 2018.
  7. 1 2 "The Trilateral Commission FAQ". The Trilateral Commission. 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 “The Trilateral Commission (North America) Records“. Rockefeller Archives. rockarch.org Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
  9. 1 2 Historical Roster of Directors and Officers, Council on Foreign Relations
  10. 1 2 David Stout (March 7, 1996), "George S. Franklin Jr., 82, Foreign Policy Expert" obit, The New York Times: "From 1945 to 1971, he worked for the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, serving as executive director from 1953 to 1971. He served on the group's board for another decade."
  11. 1 2 George S. Franklin Jr., 82, Foreign Policy Expert David Stout. New York Times. March 7, 1996. Retrieved May 12, 2016
  12. 1 2 "Tadashi Yamamoto, pioneer of international exchange, dies at 76". Asahi Shimbun . 2012-04-16. Archived from the original on 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2012-05-08.
  13. ↑ "Treasures Within a Treasure: The Rockefeller Archives Center". thehudsonindependent.com. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  14. ↑ "Meetings". The Trilateral Commission. Retrieved Jul 12, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Trilateral Commission Membership" (PDF). October 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
  16. ↑ Membership September 2021 Archived 2021-09-22 at the Wayback Machine . Trilateral Commission.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 (September 2021), Membership List Archived 2021-09-22 at the Wayback Machine , Trilateral Commission
  18. ↑ Adam Shaw (July 14, 2021), "Nikki Haley blasts Blinken's invite to UN experts on racism, minority issues: 'This is insane' ", Fox News
  19. ↑ (Oct. 6, 2014), "Former NYC mayor bestowed honor by Queen", CBS News: "Bloombеrg was made 'an Honorary Knight of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire' . . . Previous recipients of honorary knighthoods include . . . Bill Gatеs and actress-activist Angelina Jolie."
  20. ↑ Robert Frank, (May 26, 2009), "Billionaires Try to Shrink World's Population, Report Says", The Wall Street Journal: "The New York meeting of billionaires Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, David Rockefeller, Eli Broad, George Soros, Ted Turner, Oprah, Michael Bloombеrg and others was . . . a friendly chat . . . . 'Taking their cue from Gates they agreed that overpopulation was a priority' . . . "
  21. ↑ Intelligencer Dossier (July 22, 2019), "Jeffrey Epstein's High Society Contacts", New York magazine: "Michael Bloombеrg . . . found in Epstein's black book."
  22. ↑ Reuters (Sep 08, 2014) "Harvard receives record $350M gift for public health school", New York Daily News: "The largest cumulative donation to any U.S. university . . . is $1.1 billion . . . from former New York City Mayor Michaеl Bloomberg . . . to his alma mater Johns Hopkins University, including its now-eponymous [Bloomberg] School of Public Health."
  23. ↑ Dana Vigue (Sep 8, 2020), "Experts predicted a coronavirus pandemic years ago. Now it's playing out before our eyes", CNN: "In 2017, a team of experts at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security published a scenario as part of a training exercise that they believed could happen in the not-so-distant future. The SPARS Pandemic Scenario"
  24. 1 2 3 “Who's Who on the Trilateral Commission”. Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1980. ISBN   0896081036 ISBN   0896081044 OCLC   6958001 (pp. 90-122).
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Board of Directors", The Atlantic Council
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Antony C. Sutton and Patrick M. Wood (1978), Trilaterals Over Washington, Vol. 1 (pp. 155–165), Appendix A: Trilateral Commission Membership List, as of Oct. 15, 1978. The August Corporation ISBN   0933482019 LCCN   78-78277.
  27. ↑ "Nicholas Burns" bio, The Aspen Institute
  28. ↑ Seth Cotlar (July 24, 2023). "The Trilateral Shitpost Fire that was the 1980 GOP convention, part 1". Rightlandia. Substack. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Aspen Strategy Group" members, The Aspen Institute
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Board of Directors", Council on Foreign Relations
  31. ↑ "Lee Cullum". The Trilateral Commission. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  32. ↑ Landon Thomas Jr. (Oct. 28, 2002), "Jeffrey Epstein: International Moneyman of Mystery", New York magazine: "He is an enthusiastic member of the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Relations."
  33. ↑ "Jeffrey Epstein Was A Member Of The Trilateral Commission - Technocracy News & Trends | Podcast Search Engine by Vocalmatic". vocalmatic.com. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  34. ↑ Tore Gjerstad & Gard Oterholm (2 Oct. 2020), "Bill Gates and Jeffrey Epstein met with Nobel Committee chair", Dagens Næringsliv Magasinet: "Not only did [Thorbjørn] Jagland meet Epstein, he hosted him at his lavish residence in Strasbourg, France. At the time, Jagland was the sitting chair of the committee, which awards the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize. Also present: a philanthropist [Gates] touted as a possible Prize recipient."
  35. ↑ (2013), "Jeffrey Epstein, Education Activist, Applauds Bloomberg's Plan for New York City Charter Schools", CBS MoneyWatch: " . . . Bloomberg's funding will come through his foundation, the Young Men's Initiative, which is also funded by Georgе Soros Open Society Foundations. . . . Jeffrey Epstein also founded the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvаrd University in 2003 with a $30 million grant. He is a former member of the Trilateral Commission, the Council on Foreign Relations, Rockefeller University, New York Academy of Science and sits on the board of the Mind, Brain and Behavior Committee at Harvard University."
  36. 1 2 "Leadership and Governance | Board of Trustees", World Economic Forum
  37. ↑ Charles Creitz (June 12, 2021), "BlackRock, other investment firms 'killing the dream' of home ownership, journalist says", Fox News
  38. ↑ "David R. Gergen" bio, World Economic Forum
  39. ↑ David Gergen (2001), Eyewitness To Power Simon & Schuster
  40. ↑ "David Gergen" faculty profile, Harvard Kennedy School
  41. ↑ (17 Dec 2020), Amazon Board of Directors Compensation and Salary ~ Jamie Gorelick $952,741
  42. ↑ (2008) "Pulitzer Prize Board 2007-2008", The Pulitzer Prizes: "Graham served as a Pulitzer Prize board member from 1999-2008."
  43. ↑ The Globalist (Nov. 23, 2019), "Fiona Hill, Author at The Globalist", The Globalist: " . . . Fiona Hill recently testified in front of the House Intelligence Committee's impeachment hearings of Donald J. Trump. . . . An expert on Russia, she was the last witness to be called and took Congress to school."
  44. ↑ Zack Budryk (Nov. 21, 2019), "Hill says Soros conspiracy theories are 'new Protocols of the Elders of Zion'", The Hill
  45. ↑ Intelligencer Dossier (July 22, 2019), "Jeffrey Epstein's High Society Contacts", New York magazine: "Henry Кissinger . . . found in Epstein's black book. One of the century's most notorious practitioners of cutthroat realpolitik, Kissinger served on the Council on Foreign Relations with Epstein."
  46. ↑ (April 22, 2002), "UK bid to arrest Kissinger fails", CNN.com: "Kissinger's direction of the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s amounted to a breach of British laws requiring people of all nationalities to observe the Geneva Conventions on the conduct of war. It is the latest legal bid made against Kissinger."
  47. ↑ Klaus Schwab (Jan. 20, 2017), "A Conversation with Henry Kissinger on the World in 2017", World Economic Forum: ". . . I met Dr. Kissinger the first time exactly 50 years ago at Harvаrd. . . . I would like to thank you personally also for the 50-year-long mentorship, and all the advice you have given me."
  48. ↑ The World Economic Forum | A Partner in Shaping History | The First 40 Years | 1971 – 2010, p. 35: "Klaus Schwab with two important mentors, Henry Kissinger, . . . his former professor at Hаrvard, and Edward Heath . . ."
  49. ↑ Eric Lichtblau (Aug 9, 2008), "Scientist Officially Exonerated in Anthrax Attacks", The New York Times
  50. ↑ Jerry Markon (July 14, 2004) "Former Army Scientist Sues New York Times, Columnist", The Washington Post
  51. ↑ (Aug. 28, 2008), "Kristof apologizes to Hatfill over NYT 'Mr. Z' columns", Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
  52. ↑ "Nicholas D. Kristof | Aspen Strategy Group member" The Aspen Institute
  53. ↑ Membership Trilateral Commission.
  54. ↑ "European Region - www.trilateral.org". www.trilateral.org. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  55. ↑ TC Membership List trilateral.org
  56. ↑ "HKS Campus Map & Directory", Harvаrd Kennedy School (David Rubenstein building is just west of the Leslie Wexner building — other namesakes on the map include Alfred Taubman, Lucius Nathan Littauer, Robert A. Belfer, Batia & Idan Ofer, Malcolm H. Wiener, Joan Shorenstein, etc.)
  57. ↑ "8 of the world's most exclusive clubs — can you join?". Fortune.
  58. ↑ "The Trilateral Commission" (PDF). The Trilateral Commission. April 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  59. ↑ Jane Martinson (June 16, 2006), "Jacob Wallenberg £11bn prince in Sweden's royal family of finance", The Guardian
  60. ↑ "Nigel Higgins". The Trilateral Commission. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  61. ↑ Noam., Chomsky (1999). Profit over people : neoliberalism and global order (Seven Stories Press 1st ed.). New York: Seven Stories Press. ISBN   1888363827. OCLC   39505718.
  62. ↑ Chomsky's Philosophy (2017-04-18), Noam Chomsky - The Crisis of Democracy, archived from the original on 2021-12-11, retrieved 2018-09-03
  63. ↑ Cold Warriors: The Trilateral Commission (Documentary). 1984.
  64. ↑ “The Commission's Purpose, Structure, and Programs: In Its Own Words”. Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management. Boston: South End Press, 1980. ISBN   0-89608-103-6, ISBN   0-89608-104-4, OCLC   6958001. pp. 83-89.
  65. ↑ Goldwater, Barry. With No Apologies. Co-authored with Stephen Shadegg. Berkley, 1980. ISBN   0-425-04663-X p. 299.
  66. ↑ Kay, Jonathan. Among the Truthers: A Journey Through America's Growing Conspiracist Underground. New York: Harpers, 2011. ISBN   978-1-55468-630-8. pp. 200–201
  67. ↑ Anthony C. Sutton (1983). America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones. Liberty House Press Inc ISBN-13: 9780937765029
  68. ↑ "Krauthammer's Take". Special Report with Bret Baier . Retrieved January 26, 2012.

Further reading

Articles

Books

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.