David Linsay Willetts,Baron Willetts, PC , FRS , HonFRSC , HonFREng , FAcSS (born 9 March 1956) is a British politician and life peer. From 1992 to 2015,he was the Member of Parliament representing the constituency of Havant in Hampshire. He served as Minister of State for Universities and Science from 2010 until July 2014 and became a member of the House of Lords in 2015. He was appointed chair of the UK Space Agency's board in April 2022. [1] He is president of the Resolution Foundation.
Willetts was educated at King Edward's School,Birmingham,and Christ Church,Oxford,where he studied philosophy,politics and economics. [2] [3] Willetts graduated with a first-class degree.
Having served as Nigel Lawson's private researcher, [4] Willetts took charge of the Treasury monetary policy division at 26 before moving over to Margaret Thatcher's Policy Unit at 28. He subsequently took over the Centre for Policy Studies,aged 31. [5]
Paul Foot wrote in Private Eye that in a 1993 document called The Opportunities for Private Funding in the NHS,published by the Social Market Foundation and financed by private healthcare company BUPA,Willetts provided the "intellectual thrust" for private finance initiatives (PFIs) in the National Health Service. [6]
Aged 36,Willetts entered Parliament in 1992 as the MP for Havant. He quickly established himself in Parliament,becoming a Whip,a Cabinet Office Minister,and then Paymaster General in his first term (when that role was split between the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury as a policy co-ordination role). During this period Willetts gained "Two Brains" as a nickname,a monicker reportedly coined by The Guardian's former political editor Michael White. [7] However,Willetts was forced to resign from the latter post by the Standards and Privileges Committee over an investigation into Neil Hamilton in 1996,when it found that he had "dissembled" in his evidence to the Committee over whether pressure was put onto an earlier investigation into Hamilton.
Despite the resignation,Willetts was able to return to the shadow front bench a few years later while William Hague was Leader of the Opposition,initially serving in the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Education Secretary before becoming Shadow Social Security (later Shadow Work and Pensions) Secretary. He carved out a reputation as an expert on pensions and benefits. Since leaving the DWP post,he has been recruited as an external consultant by the actuaries Punter Southall.
Following the 2005 election,he served as Shadow Secretary of State for Trade and Industry in the Shadow Cabinet under Michael Howard. In August 2005,after ruling out running for leader owing to a lack of support,commentators speculated that he was gunning for the post of Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer and would cut a deal with either David Davis or David Cameron. On 15 September he confirmed his support for Davis,at that time the bookies' favourite. Willetts,a centrist moderniser,went to ground following the announcement of the Davis tax plan since it was widely speculated that he disagreed with the seemingly uncosted and widely derided [8] tax plan and found it impossible to defend. Davis then lost the candidacy race to Cameron.
Following Cameron's win,Willetts was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills in Cameron's first Shadow Cabinet in December 2005,the role Cameron had vacated,later becoming Shadow Secretary of State for Innovation,Universities and Skills. His title became Shadow Minister for Universities and Skills since Gordon Brown's merger of the Department for Innovation,Universities and Skills with the Department for Business,Enterprise and Regulatory Reform into the Department for Business,Innovation and Skills in June 2009.
On 19 May 2007,Willetts made a controversial speech on grammar schools in which he defended the existing Conservative Party policy of not reintroducing grammar schools. The speech received a mixed reception. The analysis was applauded by The Guardian and The Times . [7] [9] [10] [11] However,the more right-wing The Daily Telegraph was strongly critical of the speech,which was unpopular with some Conservative Party activists. [12] The speech was made more controversial when David Cameron weighed into the argument,backing Willetts' speech and describing his critics as "delusional",accusing them of "splashing around in the shallow end of the educational debate" and of "clinging on to outdated mantras that bear no relation to the reality of life". [13]
The Department for Education and Skills was abolished by the new Prime Minister,Gordon Brown,who established two new departments. On 2 July 2007,Cameron reshuffled Willetts down to the junior of the two departments:the Department for Innovation,Universities and Skills.
Following the 2010 general election,Prime Minister David Cameron appointed Willetts as the Minister of State for Universities and Science.
In June 2011,Willetts said during the launch of the Government's social mobility strategy that movement between the classes had "stagnated" over the past 40 years,and Willetts attributed this partly to the entry of women into the workplace and universities for the lack of progress for men. "Feminism trumped egalitarianism",he said,adding that women who would otherwise have been housewives had taken university places and well-paid jobs that could have gone to ambitious working-class men. He went on to say that,
"One of the things that happened over that period was that the entirely admirable transformation of opportunities for women meant that with a lot of the expansion of education in the 1960s,'70s and '80s,the first beneficiaries were the daughters of middle-class families who had previously been excluded from educational opportunities [...] And if you put that with what is called 'assortative mating' –that well-educated women marry well-educated men –this transformation of opportunities for women ended up magnifying social divides. It is delicate territory because it is not a bad thing that women had these opportunities,but it widened the gap in household incomes because you suddenly had two-earner couples,both of whom were well-educated,compared with often workless households where nobody was educated". [14]
As the minister responsible for universities,Willetts was an advocate and spokesperson for the coalition government's policy of increasing the cap on tuition fees in England and Wales from £3,225 to £9,000 per year. [15] [16]
In November 2013,Willetts announced the sale of student loans to Erudio Student Loans –a debt collection consortium –removing £160m from public debt but ignoring the implications for former students. [17]
In July 2014,Willetts announced that he would not contest the next general election,saying that "after more than 20 years the time has come to move onto fresh challenges." [18] In October 2014,Willetts was appointed a visiting professor at King's College London. [19] It was announced that he was to be a life peer in the 2015 Dissolution Honours and was created Baron Willetts,of Havant in the County of Hampshire ,on 16 October 2015. [20] In June 2015,Willetts was appointed executive chair of the think tank the Resolution Foundation. [21] In May 2018 he was elected a Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society. [22] In February 2022 he was appointed a director of the Synbioven investment fund, [23] and in April 2022 he was appointed chair of the board of the UK Space Agency. [1]
Willetts is one of the signatories of a statement by senior Conservatives calling for a second referendum over Brexit. This states,"If we are to remain a party of government,it is absolutely critical that we increase our support among younger generations. To do this,we must listen to and engage with their concerns on Brexit. They voted overwhelmingly to Remain in the European Union in 2016 –and since then have become even stronger in their views. Since the referendum,nearly 2 million young people are now of voting age. Of those in this group who are certain to vote,an astounding 87% support the United Kingdom staying in the European Union. If we do not hear their voices,who could blame them for feeling excluded and powerless on this most vital issue. The truth is that if Brexit fails this generation,we risk losing young people for good. Our party's electoral future will be irrevocably blighted." [24] In early 2019,he co-founded the group Right to Vote. [25]
According to the Public Whip analyses, [26] Willetts was strongly in favour of an elected House of Lords and was strongly against the ban on fox hunting. TheyWorkForYou additionally records that,amongst other things,Willetts was strongly in favour of the Iraq War,strongly in favour of an investigation into it,moderately against equal gay rights,and very strongly for replacing Trident. [27]
Following his decision to stand down at the 2015 General Election,Willetts joined the Resolution Foundation in Summer 2015. He Chaired the Foundation's Intergenerational Commission [28] between 2016 and 2018,and is now President of the Resolution Foundation,along with its Intergenerational Centre. [29] He is currently a visiting professor at King's College London where he works with the Policy Institute at King's,a visiting professor at the Cass Business School,a board member of the Institute for Fiscal Studies and a visiting fellow at Nuffield College,Oxford. On 9 February 2018,the University of Leicester announced they had elected David Willetts as successor to Bruce Grocott to become their new chancellor. [30]
Willetts is the author of several books on conservatism,including "Why Vote Conservative" (1996) and "Modern Conservatism" (1992),as well as numerous articles. He was a founding signatory in 2005 of the Henry Jackson Society principles,advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world,including when necessary by military intervention. [31] [32] He is an honorary member of Conservative Friends of Poland. [33]
This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in the United Kingdom |
---|
Willetts has pioneered the idea of "civic conservatism" [D. Willetts, "Civic Conservatism", SMF (1994)]. This is the idea of focusing on the institutions between the state and individuals as a policy concern (rather than merely thinking of individuals and the state as the only agencies) and is one of the principles behind the increasing support in the Conservative Party's localist agenda and its emphasis on voluntary organisations. During an interview with The Spectator , he was referred to as 'the real father of Cameronism'. [34]
Fourteen years after the publication of "Civic Conservatism" Willetts gave the inaugural Oakeshott Memorial Lecture to the London School of Economics in which he made an attempt to explain how game theory can be used to help think about how to improve social capital. The lecture [35] was described by the Times as "an audacious attempt by the Conservative Party's leading intellectual to relate a new Tory narrative". [36]
Civic conservatism, like free market economics, proceeds from deep-seated individual self-interest towards a stable cooperation. It sets the Tories the task not of changing humanity but of designing institutions and arrangements that encourage our natural reciprocal altruism. [37]
Willetts is married to the artist Sarah Butterfield. [38] The couple have one daughter, born 1988, and one son, born 1992. His wealth in 2009 was estimated at £1.9m, [39] and his declarations for the Register of Members' Financial Interests may be viewed here.
Location | Date | School | Degree |
---|---|---|---|
England | Christ Church, Oxford | First-class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA) in PPE | |
Location | Date | School | Position |
---|---|---|---|
England | 21 October 2014 – | King's College London | Visiting Professor [40] |
England | July 2018 –March 2023 | University of Leicester | Chancellor [30] |
England | – | Nuffield College, Oxford | Honorary Fellow [41] |
Location | Date | School | Degree |
---|---|---|---|
England | 21 November 2014 | University of Bedfordshire | Doctor of Arts (D.Arts) [42] [43] |
England | 17 July 2016 | University of Leicester | Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) [44] [45] |
England | 4 July 2017 | University of Bath | Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) [46] [47] |
England | 2017 | Richmond, The American International University in London | Doctor of Public Administration (DPA) [48] |
England | 2017 | University of Chester | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) [49] |
Country | Date | Organisation | Position |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2014 – | Academy of Social Sciences | Fellow (FAcSS) [50] [51] |
United Kingdom | 2016 – | Academy of Medical Sciences | Honorary Fellow (FMedSci) [52] [53] |
United Kingdom | 2017 – | Royal Society of Chemistry | Honorary Fellow (HonFRSC) [54] |
United Kingdom | 2018 – | Royal Society | Honorary Fellow (FRS) [55] |
United Kingdom | 2023 – | Royal Academy of Engineering | Honorary Fellow (FREng) [56] |
Sir Oliver Letwin is a British politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for West Dorset from 1997 to 2019. Letwin was elected as a member of the Conservative Party, but sat as an independent after having the whip removed in September 2019. He was Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer under Michael Howard and Shadow Home Secretary under Iain Duncan Smith. He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2014 to 2016.
Sir David Michael Davis is a British politician who served as Shadow Home Secretary from 2003 to 2008 and Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union from 2016 to 2018. A member of the Conservative Party, he has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Haltemprice and Howden, formerly Boothferry, since 1987. Davis was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1997 New Year Honours, having previously been Minister of State for Europe from 1994 to 1997.
Stephen Twigg is a British Labour Co-op politician who has served as the 8th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association since August 2020. He served as Member of Parliament for Enfield Southgate from 1997 to 2005, and for Liverpool West Derby from 2010 to 2019.
David Philip Heathcoat-Amory is a British politician, accountant, and farmer. He was the Conservative Member of Parliament for Wells from 1983 until he lost the seat in the 2010 general election. He became a member of the British Privy Council in 1996. Heathcoat-Amory was previously Chair of the European Research Group.
Gregory Leonard George Barker, Baron Barker of Battle, is a British Conservative Party politician and life peer. In May 2010 he was appointed Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change, a role in which he served until 2014. At the following year's general election he stood down as MP for Bexhill and Battle and was appointed to the House of Lords.
Sir Alan James Carter Duncan is a British former politician who served as Minister of State for International Development from 2010 to 2014 and Minister of State for Europe and the Americas from 2016 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rutland and Melton from 1992 to 2019.
David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton, is a British politician who has served as Foreign Secretary since 2023. He previously served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016, as Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016, and as Leader of the Opposition from 2005 to 2010, while serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Witney from 2001 to 2016. He identifies as a one-nation conservative and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies.
Sir David Roy Lidington is a former British politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury from 1992 until 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister for the Cabinet Office from 2018 to 2019 and was frequently described as being Theresa May's de facto Deputy Prime Minister.
Sir John Henry Hayes is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he has held five ministerial positions and six shadow ministerial positions. Hayes was appointed as a Privy Councillor in April 2013 and a Knight Bachelor in November 2018.
Gregory William Hands is a British politician serving as Minister for London and Minister of State for Trade Policy since November 2023. He has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelsea and Fulham, previously Hammersmith and Fulham, since 2005. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as its Chairman from February to November 2023. Hands has served as Minister of State for Trade Policy under four prime ministers, holding the office on four occasions, and also served as Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth from 2021 to 2022.
Nicholas Edward Coleridge Boles is a British politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Grantham and Stamford from 2010 to 2019. He was a member of the Conservative Party until 2019.
Grant Shapps is a British politician serving as Secretary of State for Defence since August 2023. Shapps has previously served in various cabinet posts, including Conservative Party Co-Chairman, Transport Secretary, Home Secretary, Business Secretary, and Energy Secretary under Prime Ministers David Cameron, Boris Johnson, Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Welwyn Hatfield since 2005.
Daniel William Finkelstein, Baron Finkelstein, is a British journalist and politician. He is a former executive editor of The Times and remains a weekly political columnist. He is a former chairman of Policy Exchange who was succeeded by David Frum in 2014. He is chair of the think tank Onward. He was made a member of the House of Lords in August 2013, sitting as a Conservative.
Joseph Edmund Johnson, Baron Johnson of Marylebone, is a British politician and peer who was Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation from 2015 to 2018, and from July to September 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Orpington from 2010 to 2019. He currently sits in the House of Lords. His older brother, Boris Johnson, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom between 2019 and 2022.
The Cameron–Clegg coalition was formed by David Cameron and Nick Clegg when Cameron was invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, following the resignation of Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, after the general election on 6 May. It was the UK's first coalition government since the Churchill caretaker ministry in 1945.
Gregory David Clark is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2016 to 2019. He also was Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2015 to 2016 and Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities from July to September 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, he has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Tunbridge Wells since 2005. He is currently the Chair of the Science, Innovation and Technology Select Committee.
Alan Mak is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Havant in Hampshire since 2015. He has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Industry and Economic Security and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Investment Security Unit since March 2024.
Daniel Rayne Kruger is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Devizes in Wiltshire since 2019.
Nicholas Piers Huxley Hillman is an English higher education policy adviser, previously a school history teacher and special adviser for the Conservatives. He has been the director of the Higher Education Policy Institute since 2014.
The frontbench of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom consists of the Shadow Cabinet and other shadow ministers of the political party currently serving as the Official Opposition. From 2005 to 2010, Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition was the Conservative Party, and the Leader of the Opposition was David Cameron.
For Willetts' roles in the 1980s–1990s as a welfare specialist: