Philip Hammond

Last updated

2005
Susan Williams-Walker
​
​
(m. 1991)​
The Right Honourable
The Lord Hammond of Runnymede
PC
Official portrait of Mr Philip Hammond crop 2.jpg
Official portrait, 2017
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
13 July 2016 –24 July 2019		 Treasury (Chief Secretary)
In office
1 May 1997 –6 November 2019
Children3
Residence(s) Send, Surrey, England
Alma mater University College, Oxford
Signature Signature of Philip Hammond.png
Philip Hammond's voice
Hammond announces the date of the November 2017 United Kingdom budget
Recorded 12 September 2017
  1. ↑ Parliamentary whip suspended on 3 September 2019. Rejoined as a Conservative Lord on 30 September 2020
  2. ↑ Within parliament, from 3 September 2019.

Philip Hammond, Baron Hammond of Runnymede PC [1] [2] [3] (born 4 December 1955) [4] is a British politician and life peer who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2016 to 2019 and Foreign Secretary from 2014 to 2016, having previously served as Defence Secretary from 2011 to 2014 and Transport Secretary from 2010 to 2011. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Runnymede and Weybridge from 1997 to 2019.

Contents

Born in Epping, Essex, Hammond studied Philosophy, politics and economics at University College, Oxford. He worked from 1984 as a company director at Castlemead Ltd – a healthcare and nursing company. From 1995 to 1997, he acted as an adviser to the government of Malawi before his election to Parliament.

Hammond served in the Shadow Cabinets of Michael Howard and David Cameron as Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2005 to 2007 and Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 2005 and from 2007 to 2010. After the formation of the Coalition Government in May 2010, he was appointed Secretary of State for Transport and was sworn of the Privy Council. Upon the resignation of Liam Fox over a scandal in October 2011, Hammond was promoted to replace him as Secretary of State for Defence, before being further promoted in July 2014 to become Foreign Secretary. [5] [6]

In July 2016, after Theresa May succeeded Cameron as prime minister, Hammond was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. As chancellor, Hammond suggested that the government may begin a reduction in austerity measures. [7] In July 2019, he spoke in an interview with Andrew Marr of his plans to tender his resignation to Theresa May should Boris Johnson become the new Leader of the Conservative Party and prime minister, on the grounds that, should he be part of the Johnson Cabinet, collective responsibility would require him to support a no-deal Brexit. With the later selection of Johnson as the next prime minister, he tendered his resignation to May. [8] He had the Conservative whip removed in September 2019 for voting against Johnson's government and subsequently sat as an independent MP, while remaining a member of the party. He did not stand for re-election in the 2019 election. [9]

Early life

Hammond was born in Epping, Essex, [10] the son of a civil engineer. [11] He was educated at Shenfield School (now Shenfield High School) in Brentwood, Essex, [11] where he was a classmate of Richard Madeley. He then read Philosophy, politics and economics at University College, Oxford, where he was an Open Scholar, [11] and graduated with a first-class honours degree. [12]

Hammond joined the medical equipment manufacturers Speywood Laboratories Ltd in 1977, becoming a director of Speywood Medical Limited in 1981. [13] He left in 1983 and, from 1984, served as a director in Castlemead Ltd. [10]

From 1993 to 1995, he was a partner in CMA Consultants and, from 1994, a director in Castlemead Homes. [14] He had many business interests including house building and property, manufacturing, healthcare, and oil and gas. He worked as a consultant to the Government of Malawi from 1995 until his election to Parliament. [10]

Early political career

Hammond was the Chairman of the Lewisham East Conservative Association for seven years from 1989, and was also a political assistant to Colin Moynihan, then MP for Lewisham East and Minister of Sport. He contested the 1994 Newham North East by-election following the death of sitting Labour MP Ron Leighton, losing in this rock-solid Labour seat to Stephen Timms by 11,818 votes, Hammond only polling 14.5% of the vote. [15] He was elected to the House of Commons at the 1997 general election for the newly created Surrey seat of Runnymede and Weybridge. [16] He won the seat with a majority of 9,875 and remained its MP until 2019. He made his maiden speech on 17 June 1997. [17]

In Parliament, he served on the Environment, Transport and the Regions Select committee from 1997 until he was promoted by William Hague as front bench spokesman for Health. [15] [16] He was moved to become a spokesman for Trade and Industry by Iain Duncan Smith in 2001, [16] and later transferred to Shadow Minister for Local Government and Regions in 2002. [16]

Howard promoted Hammond to his Shadow Cabinet following the 2005 general election as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury. [16] Following the election of David Cameron as Conservative leader later in 2005, Hammond became the Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. He was moved back to the role of Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury in David Cameron's reshuffle following Gordon Brown's accession to the premiership. [16]

In government

Secretary of State for Transport (2010–2011)

Hammond was appointed Secretary of State for Transport following the formation of the coalition government on 12 May 2010, a position he held until 14 October 2011.

On 28 September 2011, the government initiated a consultation on plans to raise the speed limit on motorways from 70 mph to 80 mph, to introduce the new limit in 2013. [18] [19] However, following criticism, including that modelling predicted a 20+% increase in motorway deaths and would alienate women voters, the plans were dropped by his successor. [20] [21]

Secretary of State for Defence (2011–2014)

Hammond became Secretary of State for Defence on 14 October 2011 when Liam Fox resigned. [22] As Secretary of State for Defence, Hammond became a member of the National Security Council.

In December 2011, women were allowed to serve on Royal Navy submarines. The first women officers began serving on Vanguard-class submarines in late 2013. They were due to be followed by female ratings in 2015, when women should also begin serving on the new Astute-class submarines. [23] It was also confirmed that the cost of the Libyan operations was £212 million – less than was estimated – including £67 million for replacing spent munitions, is all expected to be met from HM Treasury's reserve. [24]

In January 2012, the Ministry of Defence cut 4,200 jobs in the second round of armed forces redundancies. The Army would see up to 2,900 job cuts, including 400 Gurkhas, while the RAF would lose up to 1,000 members and the Royal Navy up to 300.[ needs update ] The job losses would account for some of the cuts under the defence review – intended to help plug the £38 billion hole in the defence budget. Hammond said the Government had "no choice but to reduce the size of the armed forces – while reconfiguring them to ensure they remain agile, adaptable and effective". [25]

The £38 billion "black hole" in Ministry of Defence finances had been "dealt with" and the department's "hand to mouth existence would come to an end", Hammond stated in February 2012. Ministers had even found £2.1 billion to be allocated to several major spending projects to be introduced in the coming weeks. The money was to come from a combination of cuts over the previous two years, bargaining with industry suppliers and a one per cent increase in the equipment budget. [26]

In February 2012, Hammond said that the Falkland Islands did not face a "current credible military threat" from Argentina. He added that Britain had "no desire or intention to increase the heat" surrounding their sovereignty. Speaking in the House of Commons he said "despite media speculation to the contrary, there has been no recent change to force levels", adding "there is no evidence of any current credible military threat to the security of the Falkland Islands and therefore no current plan for significant changes to force deployments." [27]

In August 2012, Hammond cut senior positions within the "top-heavy" military by a quarter. Around 26 civilian and military head office posts would go and a new senior structure would come in from April 2013. The move was expected to save the Ministry of Defence around £3.8 million a year. Hammond said one in four posts from the ranks of commodore, brigadier, air commodore and above would go. [28]

Four weeks before the London Olympic Games of 2012, the security company G4S could not provide the number of security staff it had originally undertaken to deploy for the games. Hammond solved the problem by deploying 5,000 members of the armed forces making good the shortfall. Their performance attracted widespread praise. [29]

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (2014–2016)

Hammond meeting US Secretary of State John Kerry Secretary Kerry, British Foreign Secretary Hammond Shake Hands Before Meeting at NATO Summit in Wales (15146048165).jpg
Hammond meeting US Secretary of State John Kerry
Hammond meeting with German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in London, 30 November 2015 Foreign Secretary with German Minister for Foreign Affairs (23334666182).jpg
Hammond meeting with German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in London, 30 November 2015
Hammond welcoming Chinese president Xi Jinping to London, 19 October 2015 China State Visit (22139416928).jpg
Hammond welcoming Chinese president Xi Jinping to London, 19 October 2015

On 15 July 2014, Hammond was appointed Foreign Secretary. Newspapers highlighted his "Eurosceptic" credentials, and his confidence that Britain could "get a deal" on reforming the European Union. He said that he would vote in a putative referendum for a British exit from the European Union unless there were changes in the relationship, [30] but following David Cameron's renegotiation, he supported the Remain campaign. [31]

In August 2014, Hammond said he was surprised at the sudden resignation of Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi, who wrote of "great unease" under his leadership of the Foreign office. [32]

In March 2015, Hammond stated that Britain would support the Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen "in every practical way short of engaging in combat." [33] He also told Parliament that the Saudi-led coalition had complied with humanitarian law. This statement was later corrected by the Foreign Office as, according to the Foreign Office, he should have said: "Looking at all the information available to us, we have been unable to assess that there has been a breach of International Humanitarian Law by the Saudi-led coalition". [34] As a result of these discrepancies, Labour MP Ann Clwyd asked the Commons Speaker John Bercow to refer the incident to the relevant parliamentary authority so that they can decide whether Hammond deliberately misled the MPs or if it was an honest mistake. [34]

In March 2015, speaking as the minister responsible for the intelligence agencies, he suggested that terror "apologists" must share blame in terrorist acts, saying "But a huge burden of responsibility also lies with those who act as apologists for them." [35]

Hammond meeting Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in London, 5 February 2016 Iranian Foreign Minister (24535947270).jpg
Hammond meeting Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in London, 5 February 2016

On 8 July 2015, Hammond condemned the defeat by Russia at the UN Security Council of his four-page draft resolution S/2015/508, [36] which would have applied the genocide label to the Srebrenica massacre of Muslim Bosniaks in 1995. [37] Angola, China, Nigeria and Venezuela abstained, [38] while the draft had been proposed by Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia, New Zealand, the UK and the US. [36] The Russian ambassador, Vitaly Churkin, criticised the British wording as "confrontational and politically-motivated", arguing that it unfairly singled out Bosnian Serbs for committing war crimes in a conflict in which all three ethnic groups were the victims of atrocities. [37] Hammond stated that: "We are disappointed that our resolution to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Srebrenica was vetoed today." [39]

On 14 July 2015, after several years of on-again-off-again negotiations, the P5+1 reached agreement with Iran over the Nuclear program of Iran. Hammond was present in Vienna as the UK representative for the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action disclosure ceremony. [40] Hammond presented the deal in Commons the next day, [41] and was in Jerusalem for a joint press conference with Benjamin Netanyahu, which was described as "tense". [41] [42]

Hammond described the United Nations findings regarding the detention of Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London on 6 February 2016 as "ridiculous". [43] Mads Andenæs commented, "When countries respond in this way, they damage the respect for the rule of law and the United Nations." [44]

In October 2015, Justice Secretary Michael Gove cancelled a £5.9 million contract to provide services for prisons in the Saudi Arabia, saying "the British government should not be assisting a regime that uses beheadings, stoning, crucifixions and lashings as forms of punishment." Foreign Secretary Hammond accused Gove of "naivety". [45]

In November 2015, Hammond was criticised for accepting a watch worth £1,950 from Saudi businessman Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz. The watch was given as a gift after the unveiling of a statue of the Queen to mark the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta. Ministers are not allowed to accept gifts worth more than £140 but Hammond claims he was advised that the event was a constituency one, not a ministerial one, and therefore the rules for ministers did not apply to him on that day. Labour MP John Mann was among those who criticised Hammond. "What on earth was he doing?" Mann asked, "No MP should be accepting watches worth nearly £2,000 as a gift. He should now give it to charity. [46] "

Chancellor of the Exchequer (2016–2019)

Hammond was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by new Prime Minister Theresa May on 13 July 2016. [47]

Hammond with Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping and Erdogan at Belt and Road Forum in Beijing, 2017 With participants of the Belt and Road international forum.jpg
Hammond with Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping and Erdoğan at Belt and Road Forum in Beijing, 2017
Hammond arriving at an Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting as Chancellor Informal meeting of economic and financial affairs ministers (ECOFIN). Arrivals Philip Hammond (37083574092).jpg
Hammond arriving at an Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting as Chancellor
Hammond with Spanish Deputy Prime Minister Soraya Saenz de Santamaria at Moncloa Palace in 2018 Saenz de Santamaria recibe al ministro de Economia del Reino Unido.jpg
Hammond with Spanish Deputy Prime Minister Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría at Moncloa Palace in 2018

Hammond had backed Remain in the Brexit referendum, but confirmed he would support the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, saying "No ifs, no buts, no second referendums. We are leaving the European Union. But it is equally clear to me that the British people did not vote on June 23 to become poorer, or less secure" and that he would take whatever steps necessary to protect the economy, jobs and living standards. [48]

In October 2016, Hammond was criticised by some Cabinet colleagues for "arguing like an accountant seeing the risk of everything" rather than pressing ahead with plans for Brexit. Hammond called for caution during a Cabinet committee meeting, which discussed a proposed post-Brexit visa regime that would require all European Union workers to prove they have secured a skilled job before being allowed into Britain, which led to accusations that he was trying to "undermine Brexit" [49]

According to The Sunday Times , Hammond's priority was ensuring the UK retained full access to the EU's single market for Britain's financial industry. [50] [51] In January 2017, Hammond stated that the UK would leave the Single Market as it was not politically possible to continue to comply with all the EU's rules regarding freedom of movement in the wake of the Brexit vote, saying that they would look to pursue a "comprehensive free trade agreement" instead. [52]

In his first budget in March 2017, Hammond increased National Insurance contributions that self-employed people have to pay, despite the Conservatives making a manifesto pledge at the 2015 election not to increase NI. [53] The policy was reversed a week later after opposition from some of his own backbenchers. [54] The IFS argued in favour of the NIC rise, claiming the original pledge not to increase tax had been unwise. "As we said at the time these were silly pledges. To commit yourself to not raising the three main taxes – income tax, NI and VAT – ties your hands to an absurd extent." [55] George Eaton maintains the promise was intended as a negotiating tool as the Conservatives did not expect an outright majority. [56] Hammond's budget continued government policies of freezing benefits. [57]

Following the 2017 general election, Hammond suggested that he may ease up on austerity in the coming autumn budget. Hammond said, "Obviously we are not deaf. We heard a message last week in the general election and we need to look at how we deal with the challenges we face in the economy. I understand that people are weary after years of hard work to rebuild the economy after the great crash of 2008–09, but we have to live within our means. (...) We have never said we won't raise some taxes." [7]

In a June 2017 speech, Hammond said a Brexit deal that prioritised jobs and prosperity was the only way the UK would be able to deliver the strong growth that would allow the government to end its austerity measures. In his strongest-yet call for a managed approach, Hammond said a comprehensive trade agreement, a transitional deal after the 2019 deadline for the end of talks, and a commitment to keep borders open should form a three-point Brexit plan for Britain. There would be "audible sighs of relief", he said, if the talks that ended with a business-friendly agreement. [58]

In October 2017, Hammond referred to the European Union's Brexit negotiators as "the enemy". [59] Shortly thereafter, however, he expressed regret for his choice of words. [60]

In November 2017, Hammond said in an interview on The Andrew Marr Show , while talking about possible unemployment that comes with driverless vehicles, AI and robots, that the development of personal computers meant that there was no longer any need for shorthand typists. He then asked in reference to his previous comment: "Where are all these unemployed people? There are no unemployed people." This was immediately noticed by the media, as there are roughly 1.42 million unemployed with more underemployed. This led to accusations that Hammond is out of touch with reality. [61] Later in the same programme, he clarified his remarks, and again on Peston on Sunday , acknowledging on both occasions the real number of unemployed people in the UK.

On 22 November 2017, he presented his second budget. [62] In January 2018, senior Conservative MPs mounted pressure on Theresa May to sack him as Chancellor following his recent comments about Brexit, which were deemed too europhilic in nature. [63]

In 2019, Hammond responded to the report by the UN's rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip Alston. The report argued that 14 million people in the UK live in poverty and 1.5 million are destitute. It claimed the government's policies were "punitive, mean-spirited, and often callous". Hammond said he "rejects the idea that there are vast numbers of people facing dire poverty in this country. I don't accept the UN rapporteur's report at all. I think that's nonsense. Look around you; that's not what we see in this country." [64]

In July 2019, with the expectation that Boris Johnson would become prime minister, Hammond asserted that he would work to avoid an immediate exit from the EU. [65] In an interview on The Andrew Marr Show he said he planned to tender his resignation to Theresa May on 24 July immediately following Prime Minister's Questions but before May stood down. He stated that should he be part of the Johnson Cabinet he would be required to support a no-deal Brexit, something he "could never sign up to". [8] He submitted his resignation to May stating that her successor "must be free to choose a Chancellor who is fully aligned with his policy position". [66]

The Minister of Treasury and Finance of the Republic of Turkey, Berat Albayrak, held a one-on-one and inter-delegation meeting with the Minister of Finance of the United Kingdom, Philip Hammond, and the Minister of State, Alan Duncan. It was learned that Minister Berat Albayrak explained in detail the policies he will put forward within the framework of a stronger strategic plan in the new period, in addition to the 15-year success story that Turkey has achieved with economic stability.

Conservative backbencher and Independent

In August 2019, Hammond, and a number of other Conservative MPs including former Cabinet ministers Rory Stewart and David Gauke, wrote a letter to the Prime Minister Boris Johnson, accusing him of "ruining" any chance of a new deal with European Union by setting "the bar on his red lines so high". [67] According to The Times , Hammond and several other remain supporters aimed at an extension to Article 50 with EU leaders. [68]

On 3 September 2019, Hammond led 20 other rebel Conservative MPs to vote against the Conservative government of Boris Johnson. [69] The rebel MPs voted with the Opposition against a Conservative motion, which subsequently failed. Effectively, they helped block Johnson's "no-deal" Brexit plan from proceeding on 31 October. [70] Subsequently, all 21 were advised that they had lost the Conservative whip, [71] expelling them as Conservative MPs and requiring them to sit as independents. [72] [73]

Hammond did not contest the 2019 general election, as he would be a "direct challenge" to the Conservative party. [9] If he or the other rebel MPs had decided to run for re-election, the party would have blocked their selection as Conservative candidates. [70] Hammond later suggested that "the Conservative Party has been taken over by unelected advisors, entryists and usurpers who are trying to turn it from a broad church into an extreme right-wing faction", and that "it is not the party I joined." [74]

Later career

Boris Johnson nominated Hammond for a peerage in February 2020, along with Kenneth Clarke, who also had the Conservative whip removed. According to the Daily Telegraph , a cabinet minister criticised the decision to award Hammond a seat in the House of Lords, saying he "tried to bring down the government". [75]

Hammond had a business career in small and medium-sized companies in manufacturing, consultancy, property and construction, and oil and gas, both in the UK and abroad. [76] On 13 July 2020, according to documents from the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, which oversees business appointments for former ministers, Hammond would be taking up a paid, part-time role as an advisor to Saudi Arabia's Minister of Finance. [77] Hammond also worked at Francis Maude Associates, a consultancy founded by Francis Maude and Simone Finn, which trades as FMA. [78] [79]

Hammond was created Baron Hammond of Runnymede, of Runnymede in the County of Surrey, by Letters Patent dated 30 September 2020. [80] Taking the Conservative whip, he made his maiden speech on 28 January 2021.

The cryptocurrency trading firm Copper Technologies employs Hammond as an adviser. Hammond holds a stake in the company worth $15 million. [81] As of 2023, Hammond was Chair of Copper Technologies. [82]

Political positions

2008 financial crisis

In May 2012, Hammond said that banks were not solely responsible for the 2008 financial crisis as "they had to lend to someone". Hammond said that people who took out loans were "consenting adults", who in some cases were now seeking to blame others for their actions. [83]

Same-sex marriage

In May 2012, Hammond said same-sex marriage is "too controversial". [84] In January 2013 during a visit to Royal Holloway, University of London, he bracketed the tabled legislation, which was passed afterwards, alongside socially unacceptable relationships, at the upper scale of which he stated was the criminal offence of incest. Asked by PinkNews to clarify his remarks, Hammond wrote by email: "The discussion ranged very widely and was not limited to same sex relationships". [84]

In May 2013, Hammond abstained as one of four Cabinet Ministers not to vote in favour of same-sex marriage. [85] Hammond was openly critical of the then Prime Minister David Cameron's approach to the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 and said in November 2013 that he was "shocked" by the speed with which it was pushed through and that it was "damaging" to the Conservative Party. [86]

Public service and taxation

Hammond wants all earners, not only the wealthiest to pay higher taxes to finance improved public services, he feels borrowing will not work. Hammond said "Of course you can tax wealthy people a bit more but the reality of the fiscal challenge we face is that if we want public services not just to be maintained but to be improved… Everybody including ordinary earners are going to have to pay more tax." [87]

Awards and honours

Personal life

Hammond married Susan Carolyn Williams-Walker on 29 June 1991. They have two daughters and a son [90] [91] and live in Send, Surrey, with another home in London. In 2009, Hammond's wealth was estimated at £9 million. [92]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenneth Clarke</span> British politician life peer (born 1940)

Kenneth Harry Clarke, Baron Clarke of Nottingham, is a British politician who served as Home Secretary from 1992 to 1993 and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1993 to 1997. A member of the Conservative Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Rushcliffe from 1970 to 2019 and was Father of the House of Commons between 2017 and 2019. The President of the Tory Reform Group since 1997, he is a one-nation conservative who identifies with economically and socially liberal views.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oliver Letwin</span> British Independent politician

Sir Oliver Letwin is a British politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for West Dorset from 1997 to 2019. Letwin was elected as a member of the Conservative Party, but sat as an independent after having the whip removed in September 2019. He was Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer under Michael Howard and Shadow Home Secretary under Iain Duncan Smith. He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2014 to 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theresa May</span> Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019

Theresa Mary May, Baroness May of Maidenhead,, is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019. She previously served as Home Secretary from 2010 to 2016. She was Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidenhead from 1997 to 2024, and has been a member of the House of Lords since August 2024. May is the second female Prime Minister, after Margaret Thatcher, and the first woman to have held two of the Great Offices of State. Ideologically, May is a one-nation conservative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Field</span> British Conservative politician (born 1964)

Mark Christopher Field is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cities of London and Westminster from 2001 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2017 to 2019. A prominent supporter of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union during the Brexit referendum and of Jeremy Hunt in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election, he left his post as a Foreign Office Minister when Boris Johnson's premiership began. He stood down from the British House of Commons at the 2019 general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chris Grayling</span> British politician (born 1962)

Christopher Stephen Grayling, Baron Grayling,, is a British politician and author who served as Secretary of State for Justice from 2012 to 2015, Leader of the House of Commons from 2015 to 2016 and Secretary of State for Transport from 2016 until 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Epsom and Ewell from 2001 to 2024. Before entering politics, Grayling worked in the television and film industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Lidington</span> British politician (born 1956)

Sir David Roy Lidington is a former British politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury from 1992 until 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister for the Cabinet Office from 2018 to 2019 and was frequently described as being Theresa May's de facto Deputy Prime Minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chris Heaton-Harris</span> British politician (born 1967)

Christopher Heaton-Harris is a British former politician who served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from September 2022 to July 2024, and as Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury from February to September 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Daventry from 2010 to 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Gove</span> Scottish journalist, author, and retired politician (born 1967)

Michael Andrew Gove is a Scottish journalist, author, and retired politician who served in various Cabinet positions under David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak. Apart from periods as a backbencher from July 2016 to June 2017 and July to October 2022, he served continuously in the Cabinet from 2010 to 2024. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Surrey Heath from 2005 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, Gove twice ran to become Leader of the Conservative Party, in 2016 and 2019, finishing in third place on both occasions. He has been editor of The Spectator since October 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Justine Greening</span> British politician (born 1969)

Justine Greening is a British former politician who served as Secretary of State for Education from 2016 to 2018. Prior to that, she served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 2010 to 2011, Secretary of State for Transport from 2011 to 2012 and Secretary of State for International Development from 2012 to 2016. A member of the Conservative Party, she was Member of Parliament (MP) for Putney from 2005 to 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boris Johnson</span> Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022

Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson is a British politician and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He was previously Foreign Secretary from 2016 to 2018 and Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Henley from 2001 to 2008 and for Uxbridge and South Ruislip from 2015 to 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sajid Javid</span> British politician (born 1969)

Sir Sajid Javid is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from June 2021 to July 2022, having previously served as Home Secretary from 2018 to 2019 and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2019 to 2020. A member of the Conservative Party, he was Member of Parliament for Bromsgrove between 2010 and 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helen Whately</span> British politician (born 1976)

Helen Olivia Bicknell Whately is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Faversham and Mid Kent since 2015 and Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions since November 2024. She was Shadow Secretary of State for Transport from July to November 2024 and Minister of State for Social Care from October 2022 to July 2024, as too previously from 2020 to 2021. She also served as Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury from 2021 to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oliver Dowden</span> British politician (born 1978)

Sir Oliver James Dowden, is a British politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2023 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he previously held various ministerial positions under Prime Ministers Theresa May, Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak between 2018 and 2024. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertsmere since 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Conservative Party leadership election</span> British leadership election to replace David Cameron

The 2016 Conservative Party leadership election was held due to Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation as party leader. He had resigned after losing the national referendum to leave the European Union. Cameron, who supported Britain's continued membership of the EU, announced his resignation on 24 June, saying that he would step down by October. Theresa May won the contest on 11 July 2016, after the withdrawal of Andrea Leadsom left her as the sole candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vote Leave</span> Campaign for UK withdrawal from the EU

Vote Leave was a campaigning organisation that supported a "Leave" vote in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. On 13 April 2016 it was designated by the Electoral Commission as the official campaign in favour of leaving the European Union in the Referendum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Premiership of Theresa May</span> Period of the Government of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019

Theresa May's tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom began on 13 July 2016 when she accepted an invitation of Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, succeeding David Cameron, and ended on 24 July 2019 upon her resignation. May's premiership was dominated by Brexit, terrorist attacks in Westminster, the Manchester Arena and London Bridge, the Grenfell Tower fire, and the Salisbury poisonings. As prime minister, May also served simultaneously as First Lord of the Treasury, and as Minister for the Civil Service. She also served as Leader of the Conservative Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second May ministry</span> Government of the United Kingdom (2017-2019)

The second May ministry was formed on 11 June 2017 after Theresa May returned to office following the June 2017 snap general election. The election resulted in a hung parliament with the Conservative Party losing its governing majority in the House of Commons. On 9 June 2017, May announced her intention to form a Conservative minority government, reliant on the confidence and supply of the Democratic Unionist Party; a finalised agreement between the two parties was signed and published on 26 June 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Conservative Party leadership election</span> British leadership election to replace Theresa May

The 2019 Conservative Party leadership election was triggered when Theresa May announced on 24 May 2019 that she would resign as leader of the Conservative Party on 7 June and as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom once a successor had been elected. Nominations opened on 10 June; 10 candidates were nominated. The first ballot of members of Parliament (MPs) took place on 13 June, with exhaustive ballots of MPs also taking place on 18, 19 and 20 June, reducing the candidates to two. The general membership of the party elected the leader by postal ballot; the result was announced on 23 July, with Boris Johnson being elected with almost twice as many votes as his opponent Jeremy Hunt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United Kingdom budget</span>

The 2018 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Philip Hammond, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on Monday, 29 October 2018. It was Hammond's third as Chancellor of the Exchequer since being appointed to the role in July 2016, and his last before being replaced by Sajid Javid by means of Boris Johnson's cabinet reshuffle upon becoming prime minister in July 2019. Following the budget in March 2017 the government moved the annual budget to the Autumn, with the following budget held on 22 November of the same year. On 26 September 2018, Hammond announced that the 2018 budget would be held earlier, in October, so as to avoid clashing with the final stage of Brexit negotiations. On 28 October he suggested that a second budget would be needed in the event of a failure to negotiate a Brexit deal, since the scenario would require a "different response", with a need for "fiscal buffers" to provide support for the economy.

On 3 September 2019, the British Conservative Party withdrew the whip from 21 of its MPs who had supported an emergency motion to allow the House of Commons to undertake proceedings on the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill on 4 September. In the hours after the vote, the Chief Whip Mark Spencer informed the rebel MPs that they were no longer entitled to sit as Conservatives. This led to the loss of the Conservative/DUP majority in the Commons.

References

  1. ↑ "Who is Philip Hammond? A profile of the new Chancellor – a 'safe pair of hands' in Theresa May's mould". The Independent. 13 July 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Chapple, James; Talbot, Charlotte (9 June 2017). "General Election: Philip Hammond holds Runnymede and Weybridge as Labour increase vote by more than 10%". SurreyLive. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  3. ↑ "Election results for Runnymede and Weybridge". Electoral Commission. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  4. ↑ "Philip Hammond MP". BBC News . Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  5. ↑ "William Hague quits as foreign secretary in cabinet reshuffle". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  6. ↑ "Grande-Bretagne : l'eurosceptique Philip Hammond remplace Hague aux Affaires étrangères". euronews. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  7. 1 2 Philip Hammond hints government will ease up on austerity Archived 18 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian .
  8. 1 2 "Philip Hammond plans to quit if Johnson becomes PM". BBC News. 21 July 2019. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  9. 1 2 "Ex-Chancellor Philip Hammond to stand down as MP". BBC News. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  10. 1 2 3 "Ten things you didn't know about Philip Hammond". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 "Philip Hammond: The rise of the quiet man". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.
  12. ↑ 'HAMMOND, Rt Hon. Philip', Who's Who 2017, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Debrett's". debretts.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
  14. ↑ http://www.castlemead-ltd.co.uk Archived 2 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Castlemead Homes.
  15. 1 2 "Philip Hammond Bio". Archived from the original on 27 February 2016.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "PHILIP HAMMOND MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT FOR RUNNYMEDE AND WEYBRIDGE". Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  17. ↑ "Philip Hammond – 1997 Maiden Speech in the House of Commons". ukpolitics.org.uk. 1 December 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  18. ↑ "80mph motorway speed limit plan criticised". BBC News. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  19. ↑ Stratton, Allegra (29 September 2011). "Government plans to raise speed limit to 80mph". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.
  20. ↑ Walker, Peter (25 December 2011). "80mph speed limit 'would increase deaths by 20%'". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  21. ↑ Philipson, Alice (22 June 2013). "Ministers abandon plans for 80mph motorway speed limit". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  22. ↑ Milmo, Dan (14 October 2011). "Philip Hammond and Justine Greening named defence and transport ministers". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  23. ↑ "Women to be allowed to serve on Royal Navy submarines". BBC News. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
  24. ↑ "Hammond says UK not seeking 'perfect Afghanistan'". BBC News. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016.
  25. ↑ "MoD announces details of 4,200 job cuts". BBC News. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016.
  26. ↑ "MoD balances books first time in four decades, Defence Secretary to announce". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.
  27. ↑ Winnett, Robert (21 February 2012). "Argentina does not pose threat to Falklands, says Philip Hammond". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016.
  28. ↑ "Military's 'top-heavy' command to be cut by a quarter". BBC News. 19 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2015.
  29. ↑ "G4S proves we can't always rely on private sector, says minister". The Independent. London. 14 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017.
  30. ↑ "Philip Hammond: I am serious about reforming EU". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016.
  31. ↑ "EU vote: Where the cabinet and other MPs stand". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017.
  32. ↑ Hope, Christopher (5 August 2014). "How Baroness Warsi's resignation letter lifts a lid on frustrations in the Coalition". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  33. ↑ "UK 'will support Saudi-led assault on Yemeni rebels – but not engaging in combat'". The Daily Telegraph. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016.
  34. 1 2 "Labour MP urges probe into Philip Hammond's Yemen answers". BBC News. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  35. ↑ "Terror 'apologists' must share blame". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  36. 1 2 un.org: "United Nations – S/2015/508 – Security Council – Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia, New Zealand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America: draft resolution" Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine , 8 July 2015.
  37. 1 2 "Russia blocks UN resolution condemning Srebrenica massacre as genocide" Archived 8 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine , The Daily Telegraph, 8 July 2015.
  38. ↑ un.org: "UN News Centre: UN officials recall 'horror' of Srebrenica as Security Council fails to adopt measure condemning massacre" Archived 2 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine , 8 July 2015.
  39. ↑ gov.uk: "Foreign Secretary statement following UN Security Council vote on Srebrenica resolution" Archived 18 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine , 8 July 2015.
  40. ↑ "Iran nuclear deal: agreement reached in Vienna – as it happened" Archived 20 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine , 14 July 2015.
  41. 1 2 "Benjamin Netanyahu intends to fight Iran nuclear deal all the way, says Philip Hammond" Archived 14 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine , The Daily Telegraph, 15 July 2015.
  42. ↑ "Netanyahu rebuffs Philip Hammond over Iran deal" Archived 28 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine , The Daily Telegraph, 16 July 2015.
  43. ↑ Addley, Esther; Elgot, Jessica; Bowcott, Owen (5 February 2016). "Julian Assange accuses UK minister of insulting UN after detention finding". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  44. ↑ Maurizi, Stefania (9 February 2016). "Pressioni politiche sulle Nazioni Unite per la decisione su Julian Assange" [Political Pressures on the United Nations over the decision on Julian Assange]. L'Espresso (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  45. ↑ "Saudi prisons contract: Gove and Hammond clash over deal". The Guardian. London. 13 October 2015. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016.
  46. ↑ Ungoed-Thomas, Jon. "Saudi gift row engulfs minister". The Sunday Times . Archived from the original on 7 February 2017.
  47. ↑ "Cabinet: Hammond Chancellor, Johnson Foreign". Sky News. 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 13 July 2016.
  48. ↑ "Philip Hammond spells out plans to tackle Brexit 'turbulence'". Sky News. 3 October 2016. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  49. ↑ Dominiczak, Peter (16 October 2016). "Philip Hammond in Cabinet row over accusations he is trying to 'undermine Brexit'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  50. ↑ Shipmamn, Tim; Pancevski, Bojan (28 August 2016). "Chancellor blamed as cabinet splits over single market". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.(subscription required)
  51. ↑ May, Joss (28 August 2016). "Theresa May asks Cabinet ministers for Brexit proposals". Politics Home. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  52. ↑ "Hammond says Britain will leave EU single market". Bloomberg. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  53. ↑ Budget 2017: manifesto row clouds chancellor's attempt at low-key package Archived 8 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian .
  54. ↑ Philip Hammond ditches national insurance rise for self-employed Archived 8 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian .
  55. ↑ Institute for Fiscal Studies backs National Insurance increase Archived 2 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine BBC .
  56. ↑ "The Conservatives' manifesto problems won't end here". www.newstatesman.com. 10 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017.
  57. ↑ What welfare changes did Philip Hammond make in his Budget 2017? Archived 17 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine New Statesman .
  58. ↑ "Philip Hammond says Brexit deal must put jobs and prosperity first". TheGuardian.com . 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  59. ↑ "Hammond calls EU negotiators 'the enemy'". BBC News. 13 October 2017. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  60. ↑ Elliott, Larry (13 October 2017). "Hammond says he regrets calling EU negotiators 'the enemy'". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  61. ↑ There are no unemployed in UK, says Hammond in TV gaffe Archived 19 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Observer .
  62. ↑ "Autumn Budget 2017: documents – GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  63. ↑ Swinford, Steven (28 January 2018). "Theresa May's 'tortoise' leadership openly criticised by Tory MPs on all sides of her party". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  64. ↑ "Philip Hammond accused of being blind to scale of UK poverty | Poverty". TheGuardian.com . 3 June 2019. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  65. ↑ Boffey, Daniel, Philip Hammond signals he could vote to bring down Boris Johnson Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine , The Guardian, Friday, 19 July 2019
  66. ↑ Hammond, Philip (24 July 2019). "I have just handed in my resignation to @theresa_may. It has been a privilege to serve as her Chancellor of the Exchequer for the last three years.pic.twitter.com/pcCkvKhQxj". @PhilipHammondUK. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  67. ↑ Mason, Rowena; Elgot, Jessica (13 August 2019). "No-deal Brexit would be a betrayal, says Philip Hammond". Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  68. ↑ Devlin, Kate; Swinford, Steven (23 August 2019). "Philip Hammond's Remainers to plot Brexit delay with EU leaders". The Times. ISSN   0140-0460. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  69. ↑ Lyons, Kate; Rawlinson, Kevin; Sparrow, Andrew; Perraudin, Frances (4 September 2019). "Boris Johnson to table motion for election after failed vote – as it happened". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  70. 1 2 The Daily Telegraph Archived 5 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine Boris Johnson to strip 21 Tory MPs of the Tory whip in parliamentary bloodbath
  71. ↑ "What is removing the whip, filibustering and other Brexit jargon?". BBC Newsbeat. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  72. ↑ "Whips". Parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  73. ↑ "Boris Johnson to seek election after rebel Tories deliver Commons defeat". Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  74. ↑ Philip Hammond. Tweet, 8 August 2019. https://twitter.com/PhilipHammondUK/status/1170633949879635968 Archived 1 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  75. ↑ Mikhailova, Anna (6 February 2020). "Cabinet backlash over Philip Hammond peerage as minister says he 'tried to bring down the government'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  76. ↑ "The Rt Hon Philip Hammond". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  77. ↑ "Revealed: Philip Hammond becomes Saudi advisor". The Spectator. 13 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  78. ↑ Delahunty, Stephen (27 July 2021). "'What is he Doing for his Wage?': Lord Philip Hammond's Revolving Door Continues". Byline Times. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  79. ↑ "FMA webinar for the Caribbean High Commissioners". Francis Maude Associates. 5 November 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  80. ↑ "No. 28398". The Edinburgh Gazette . 2 October 2020. p. 1610.
  81. ↑ Davies, Rob (17 April 2022). "Cryptocurrency firm linked to Philip Hammond still lacks UK approval". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  82. ↑ Mason, Rowena (23 February 2023). "Phoenix Community Capital case shines light on UK's lobbying problem". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  83. ↑ Kirkup, James (3 May 2012). "Families must accept share of blame for Britain's woes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016.
  84. 1 2 "Exclusive: Defence Secretary Philip Hammond links incest with same-sex marriage". Pink News. 28 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  85. ↑ Wigmore, Tim (17 February 2011). "Philip Hammond taken to task over anti-gay rights record". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  86. ↑ Swinford, Steven (8 November 2013). "Legalising same-sex marriage was 'damaging' for Tories, Philip Hammond says". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015.
  87. ↑ Philip Hammond: Raise taxes for all to improve services BBC
  88. ↑ "Privy Council members". Privy Council. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  89. ↑ "BUSINESS TRANSACTED AND ORDER APPROVED AT THE PRIVY COUNCIL HELD BY THE QUEEN AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE ON 13th MAY 2010" (PDF). The Privy Council Office. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  90. ↑ "Philip Hammond". Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  91. ↑ "VOTE 2001 – CANDIDATES". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  92. ↑ "The new ruling class". New Statesman. London. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament
for Runnymede and Weybridge
1997–2019		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
2005		Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
2005–2007		Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
2007–2010		Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for Transport
2010–2011		Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for Defence
2011–2014		Succeeded by
Preceded by Foreign Secretary
2014–2016		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chancellor of the Exchequer
2016–2019		Succeeded by
Second Lord of the Treasury
2016–2019
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Gentlemen
Baron Hammond of Runneymede		Followed by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.