Klapa | |
---|---|
Stylistic origins | Croatian music |
Cultural origins | Dalmatia |
Typical instruments | Human voice |
Klapa multipart singing of Dalmatia, southern Croatia | |
---|---|
Country | Croatia |
Reference | 00746 |
Region | Europe and North America |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 2012 (7th session) |
List | Representative |
Klapa music is a form of traditional a cappella singing with origins in Dalmatia, Croatia. [1] The word klapa translates as "a group of friends" and traces its roots to littoral church singing. [2] The motifs in general celebrate love, wine (grapes), country (homeland) and sea. Main elements of the music are harmony and melody, with rhythm very rarely being very important. In 2012 klapa was inscribed in UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. [3]
A klapa group consists of a first tenor, a second tenor, a baritone, and a bass. It is possible to double all the voices apart from the first tenor. It is usually composed of up to a dozen male singers. In recent times, female vocal groups have been quite popular, but in general male and female groups do not mix.
Although klapa is a cappella music, on occasion it is possible to add a gentle guitar and a mandolin (instrument similar in appearance and sound to tamburitzas). Klapa can also be accompanied with synthesizer keyboards, usually simulating percussion instruments.
The klapa tradition is still very much alive, with new songs composed and festivals held. [4] The Festival of the Dalmatian Klapas in Omiš is the best known music festival and has a long tradition in Klapa music. [4] One of the most successful groups there in recent times is Klapa Šufit, who won the festival for three years in a row 2006–2008. Many young people from Dalmatia treasure klapa and sing it regularly when going out eating or drinking. It is not unusual to hear amateur klapa singing on the streets in the evenings over some food and wine.
In 2013, Croatia chose a klapa group to represent the country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. The klapa group was called Klapa s Mora, with the entry "Mižerja". Klapa s Mora is a "super klapa ensemble" of six performers chosen by Maestro Mojmir Čačija from five existing klapa groups, namely two from Kampanel, and one each from Sinj, Crikvenica, Šibenik and Grdelin. [5]
Music performed a cappella, less commonly a capella, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment. The term a cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato musical styles. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony, coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists, led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.
The music of Croatia, like the divisions of the country itself, has two major influences: Central European, present in central and northern parts of the country including Slavonia, and Mediterranean, present in coastal regions of Dalmatia and Istria.
Korčula is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea. It has an area of 279 km2 (108 sq mi), is 46.8 km (29.1 mi) long and on average 7.8 km (4.8 mi) wide, and lies just off the Dalmatian coast. Its 15,522 inhabitants (2011) make it the second most populous Adriatic island after Krk. The population are almost entirely ethnic Croats (95.74%). The island is twinned with Rothesay in Scotland. It is known for Grk, a white wine that is only produced here and not exported due to limited production.
Posušje is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the West Herzegovina Canton, a federal unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Croatian Canadians are Canadian citizens who are of Croatian descent. The community exists in major cities including the Greater Toronto Area, Hamilton, Ottawa, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Windsor, Montreal and Waterloo Region.
Oliver Dragojević was a Croatian singer and composer, who was considered one of the most enduring musical stars and cultural icons in Croatia with a discography that spanned nearly five decades. His style blended traditional klapa melodies of Dalmatia, a coastal region in his native Croatia, with jazz motifs wrapped up in a modern production.
Omiš is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is approximately 25 kilometres south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split, where the Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea. Omiš municipality has a population of 14,936 and its area is 266 square kilometres (103 sq mi).
Ukrainian folk music includes a number of varieties of traditional, folkloric, folk-inspired popular music, and folk-inspired European classical music traditions.
Croatian popular music is the popular music of Croatia.
Boris Papandopulo was a Croatian composer and conductor of Greek and Russian Jewish descent. He was the son of Greek nobleman Konstantin Papandopulo and Croatian opera singer Maja Strozzi-Pečić and one of the most distinctive Croatian musicians of the 20th century. Papandopulo also worked as music writer, journalist, reviewer, pianist and piano accompanist; however, he achieved the peaks of his career in music as a composer. His composing oeuvre is imposing : with great success he created instrumental, vocal and instrumental, stage music and film music. In all these kinds and genres he left a string of anthology-piece compositions of great artistic value.
Klapa Šufit is a musical group from Split, Croatia.
Klapa Fa Linđo is a female klapa group from Dubrovnik, Croatia. The group was founded in 2000 as a part of the Folklore Ensemble Linđo. In 2002 they won the Golden Token Award at the Verona Festival of Choral Singing in Italy. In 2003 and 2004, the girls made the finals at the Festival of the Dalmatian Klapas in Omiš where they won the esteemed Audience Choice Award. They won audience award and the Golden Leut at Omiš in 2009.
Croatian dance traditionally refers to a category of folk-dances, the most common being the kolo.
Ojkanje is a tradition of polyphonic folk singing in Croatia characteristic for the regions of the Dalmatian hinterland, Velebit, Lika, Kordun, and Karlovac. As described in The Harvard Dictionary of Music: "The ojkanje is a particular style of singing melisma with a sharp and prolonged shaking of the voice on the syllables oj or hoj." According to experts, ojkanje is a remnant of pre-Slavic Illyrian singing from the area of ancient Dalmatia.
Croatia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Mižerja" written by Goran Topolovac. The song was performed by the group Klapa s Mora, which was selected internally by the Croatian broadcaster Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) on 11 February 2013 to represent Croatia at the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden. Their song "Mižerja" was presented to the public on 27 February 2013 during a live streamed press conference.
Czech folklore is the folk tradition which has developed among the Czech people over a number of centuries. Czech folklore was influenced by a mix of Christian and pagan customs. Nowadays it is preserved and kept alive by various folklore ensembles uniting members of all ages, from children to seniors, showing their talent during competitions, folklore festivals or other performances.
Klapa s Mora was a music ensemble that represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö with the song "Mižerja". It is a "super klapa" ensemble that includes six male klapa singers from five existing klapa groups in Croatia.
Festival dalmatinskih klapa Omiš is a music festival of klapa singing held annually in Omiš, Croatia. It has existed since 1966, and it is the most important klapa event.
Živko Ključe is a Croatian composer, double bass player and ethnomusicologist.
Joško Ćaleta is a Croatian ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, conductor, composer, record producer and klapa singer.