The history of Togo can be traced to archaeological finds which indicate that ancient local tribes were able to produce pottery and process tin. During the period from the 11th century to the 16th century,the Ewé,the Mina,the Gun,and various other tribes entered the region. Most of them settled in coastal areas. The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century,followed by other European powers. Until the 19th century,the coastal region was a major slave trade centre,earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast".
The national flag of Togo consists of five horizontal stripes,alternating between green and yellow,with a red square bearing a five-pointed white star in the canton. It is one of many African flags that use the pan-African colours of green,yellow,and red. Togolese artist Paul Ahyi designed the flag in 1960,just before its adoption on 27 April of that year,coinciding with Togo's proclamation of independence. When Togo was an autonomous republic within the French Union,it flew a green flag with the French tricolour in the canton and two five-pointed yellow stars,one in the lower hoist and one in the upper fly.
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé is a Togolese politician who has been the president of Togo since 2005. Before assuming the presidency,he was appointed by his father,President GnassingbéEyadéma,as Minister of Equipment,Mines,Posts,and Telecommunications,serving from 2003 to 2005.
El-Hadj Bonfoh Abass was a Togolese politician who was the interim President of Togo from 25 February 2005 to 4 May 2005. He was the President of the National Assembly of Togo from February 2005 to July 2013.
FambaréOuattara Natchaba was a Togolese politician. He was the President of the National Assembly of Togo from September 2000 to February 2005. He was a prominent member of the ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) and a member of the Pan-African Parliament representing Togo.
Gilchrist Olympio is a Togolese politician who was a long-time opponent of the regime of GnassingbéEyadéma and was President of the Union of Forces for Change (UFC),Togo's main opposition party from the 1990s til 2013. Olympio is the son of Sylvanus Olympio,Togo's first President,who was assassinated in a 1963 coup. He is now an ally of the current regime of Faure Gnassingbe,the son of the late President.
Eugene Koffi Adoboli is a Togolese politician. He was Prime Minister of Togo from 21 May 1999 to 31 August 2000. In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in jail in absentia stemming from an embezzlement scandal while he was Prime Minister.
Messan AgbéyoméGabriel Kodjo was a Togolese politician who served as Prime Minister of Togo from 29 August 2000 to 27 June 2002.
Yawovi Madji Agboyibo was a Togolese attorney and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Togo from September 2006 to December 2007 and was National President of the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR),an opposition political party,from 1991 to 2008. He was the Honorary President of the CAR.
Parliamentary elections were held in Togo on October 14,2007 for the 81 seats in the National Assembly. There were over 2,000 candidates,with 32 parties and 41 lists of independent candidates competing. The ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) was victorious,winning a majority of 50 seats. The remaining seats were won by opposition parties;the Union of the Forces of Change (UFC) won 27 seats and the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR) won four seats. They were the first parliamentary elections since the beginning of multiparty politics in the early 1990s in which all major parties participated.
Gahoun Kossi Georges Hégbor is a Togolese politician who co-founded the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR) political party.
Léopold Messan Kokou Gnininvi is a Togolese politician and the Secretary-General of the Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA). A long-time opposition leader in Togo,he served in the government as Minister of State for Mines and Energy from 2006 to 2007,Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from 2007 to 2008,and Minister of State for Industry,Crafts,and Technological Innovations from 2008 to 2009.
Saint-Coulitz is a commune in the Finistère department in the region of Brittany,northwestern France.
Dama Dramani is a Togolese politician who was the President of the National Assembly of Togo from 2013 to 2018. He was Secretary-General of the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT),the ruling party,from 2003 to 2006,and following the 2007 parliamentary election he was President of the RPT Parliamentary Group in the National Assembly.
Charles Kondi Agba is a Togolese politician who served in the government of Togo from 1999 to 2008. He again served in the government as Minister of Health from 2011 to 2013.
Presidential elections were held in Togo on 4 March 2010. Incumbent President Faure Gnassingbé—who won his first term in a presidential election that followed the death of his father,long-time President GnassingbéEyadema,in 2005—faced radical opposition candidate Jean-Pierre Fabre,the Secretary-General of the Union of the Forces of Change (UFC),as well as several minor opposition candidates.
Gbikinti FC is a Togolese football club,based in Bassar. They play in the top division in Togolese football. Stade de Bassar,which has capacity for 1,000 people,is the venue of Gbikinti.
The Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development is a political party in Togo. It is led by AgbéyoméKodjo,who stood as the party's candidate for the 2020 Togolese presidential election. As of 2019,it had 2 mayors,4 deputy mayors,25 municipal councilors and 2 National assembly members. Its headquarters are located in the Togolese capital Lomé.
Togolese nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Togo,as amended;the Togolese Nationality Code,and its revisions;the Code of Persons and Family;the Children's Code;and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is,or is eligible to be,a national of Togo. The legal means to acquire nationality,formal legal membership in a nation,differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation,known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law,whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. Togolese nationality is typically obtained under the principal of jus sanguinis,i.e. by birth in Togo or abroad to parents with Togolese nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country,or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
