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The traditional culture of Korea is the shared cultural and historical heritage of Korea before the division of Korea in 1945.
The yangban were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil servants and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense, an office holder's family and descendants, as well as country families who claimed such descent, were socially accepted as yangban.
The hanbok is traditional clothing of the Korean people. The term hanbok is primarily used by South Koreans; North Koreans refer to the clothes as chosŏn-ot. The clothes are also worn in the Korean diaspora, especially by Koreans in China. Koryo-saram - ethnic Koreans living in the lands of the former Soviet Union - also retained a hanbok tradition.
Korean arts include traditions in calligraphy, music, painting and pottery, often marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration and bold colors or sounds.
A bojagi is a traditional Korean wrapping cloth. Bojagi are typically square and can be made from a variety of materials, though silk or ramie are common. Embroidered bojagi are known as subo, while patchwork or scrap bojagi are known as jogak bo.
Hwarot (Korean: 활옷) is a type of traditional Korean clothing worn during the Goryeo and Joseon eras only by royal women for ceremonial occasions and later by commoners for weddings. It is still worn during the pyebaek phase of modern weddings. Before commoners wore hwarots, they wore wonsam due to the steep cost of a hwarot. The gown is typically worn with a jokduri or hwagwan, binyeo or daenggi, and yeongigonji, which is red and black makeup spots on the cheek and brow.
Gwanbok is a Sino-Korean term derived from the terms guanfu and guanfu. The term gwanbok is a collective term which refers to historical official attire, which was bestowed by the government court, including Chinese courts of various dynasties. The guanfu (冠服) system was a court attire system in China which also formed part of the Hanfu system. This system was them spread to neighbouring countries and was adopted in Korea since ancient times in different periods through the ritual practice of bestowal of clothing. Acknowledgement through bestowed robes and crowns (冠服) from the Emperor of China, who held hegemony over East Asia, would give support to Korean Kings and successors, as being the authentic rulers of their country as well as confirmed the political status of the Korean kingdom in the rest of the Sinosphere. The gwanbok system in Korea was different for each kingdom and changed throughout different periods. For example, initially given by the Chinese court in ritual practice, successive gwanbok were more often than not locally manufactured in Korea with different colours and adopted into hanbok. The gwanbok, which was used as the uniform of court officials, formed part of the gwanbok system and was used like the suit is nowadays.
Jeogori or Tseogori is a basic upper garment of the hanbok, a traditional Korean garment, which has been worn by both men and women. Men usually wear the jeogori with a baji or pants while women wear the jeogori with chima, or skirts. It covers the arms and upper part of the wearer's body.
Dopo is a variety of po, or overcoat in hanbok, which was first worn in the middle of the Joseon since the 16th century. The dopo was mostly worn by male Confucian scholars called seonbi during the Joseon period. It was also worn by Kings and princes and government officers. The dopo held a strong Confucianism value. It was worn as an everyday outer garment by Neo-Confucian scholars, who wore it as an official form of clothing or as a ritual clothing. It was also an ordinary robe worn by the court officials. Since the 1894 reform, all varieties of po with wide sleeves, including the dopo, were prohibited to be worn by King Gojong and instead people had to wear the durumagi.
Durumagi is a variety of po, or overcoat, in hanbok, the traditional Korean attire. It is a form of outerwear which is usually worn as the topmost layer of clothing, over a jeogori (jacket) and baji (pants). It also goes by the names jumagui, juchaui, or juui,
Dangui, also called dang-jeogori, dang-jeoksam, dang-hansam, danggoui, and samja, is a type of jeogori for women in hanbok, the Korean traditional clothing, which was worn for ceremonial occasions in the palace during the Joseon dynasty. It was typically a garment item reserved for the upper class and commoners of this period would rarely see anyone in this garment. It was worn as a simple official outfit or for small national ceremonies while court ladies wore it as a daily garment.
The wonsam is a female ceremonial topcoat in hanbok. It originated from China, and it was worn by queens, high-ranking court ladies, and royalty during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). It is also called 'daeui', 'daesu' and 'jangsam'. The queen, princess consort, and consort to the first son of the crown prince wore it as a soryebok, a robe for small ceremonies, while wives of high officers and sanggung wore it as daeryebok, a robe for major ceremonies. It was also worn by commoners on their wedding ceremony.
Chima is a generic term for the skirt worn together with jeogori, or a short jacket in hanbok, Korean traditional clothing. It is also referred to as sang or gun in hanja in the Korean language.
Dragon robes, also known as gunlongpao or longpao for short, is a form of everyday clothing which had a Chinese dragon, called long (龍), as the main decoration; it was worn by the emperors of China. Dragon robes were also adopted by the rulers of neighbouring countries, such as Korea, Vietnam, and the Ryukyu Kingdom.
For decades now, fashion in South Korea has evolved due to inspirations from Western culture in the past, from Korea's wealth, social media practices in Korea as well as the country's highly developed economy. This, with the rise of the Korean Wave has also made Korea highly influential in fashion trends worldwide due to the popularity of its modern pop culture.
Chinese influence on Korean culture can be traced back as early as the Goguryeo period; these influences can be demonstrated in the Goguryeo tomb mural paintings. Throughout its history, Korea has been greatly influenced by Chinese culture, borrowing the written language, arts, religions, philosophy and models of government administration from China, and, in the process, transforming these borrowed traditions into distinctly Korean forms.
Seok Ju-seon was a scholar of traditional Korean clothing and a folklorist. Her works include The History of Korean Dresses and Ornaments.
Qixiong ruqun, which can also be referred as Qixiong shanqun, also known as "chest-high ruqun", is a set of attire in hanfu, the traditional Chinese clothing worn by the Han Chinese. The qixiong ruqun is a unique style of ruqun, which is characterized with a high waistline qun, Chinese skirt. The qun used in the qixiong ruqun is generally tied above the bust level. It was worn by women during the Southern dynasties, Sui dynasty, Tang dynasty and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The style was also revived in the early and middle Ming dynasty.
Jikryeong, sometimes written as jikryung or jingnyeong and also known as jikryeongpo, is a type of po with a straight neckline. It could be worn as an outwear by men and was sometimes worn under the danryeong. The jikryeong was worn in ordinary times and was worn all year round. It was also worn as a mourning attire during the Joseon period. Following the Japanese invasion (1592–1598), its usage as an outerwear decreased and was more often used as an undergarment. After the latter half of the 17th century, the jikryeong was turned into an inner lining for the danryeong, thus turning to a single lined garment.
Baeja is a type of traditional Korean vest which is worn over the jeogori by both men and women. It is generally sleeveless; however some baeja may have short sleeves. It was worn during the Joseon period and continues to be worn in present days. During the Joseon period, some forms of baeja were also introduced from China's Ming dynasty as bestowed clothing to the royal family.
References
- 1 2 3 Lee, Youngmin (2024). Bojagi: The Art of Korean Textiles. London: Herbert Press. ISBN 9781789941852 . Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ↑ Kim, Jenny. "Hanbok - traditional Korean dress". Victoria and Albert Museum. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 6 Aug 2024.
- ↑ Kim, Hae-yeon (20 July 2022). "'Hanbok saenghwal' joins National Heritage list". The Korea Herald. Herald Corporation. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
