Kryoneri, Olympia

Kryoneri
Kryoneri; Κρυονέρι
	Kryoneri
	Coordinates: 37°43′N21°39′E / 37.717°N 21.650°E Coordinates: 37°43′N21°39′E / 37.717°N 21.650°E
Country	Greece
Administrative region	West Greece
Regional unit	Elis
Municipality	Archaia Olympia
Municipal unit	Archaia Olympia
Elevation	500 m (1,600 ft)
Population (2011) [1]
• Rural	139
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)

Last updated April 16, 2019

Kryoneri (Greek : Κρυονέρι, before 1928: Μπάστα - Basta^[2]) is a little village near Olympia, Elis, Greece. It is situated on the southwestern edge of the Foloi oak forest. It is 2 km south of Neraida, 4 km west of Doukas, 3 km east of Chelidoni and 9 km northeast of Olympia. Its population in 2011 was 139.^[1]

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning more than 3000 years of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.

Olympia, is a small town in Elis on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, famous for the nearby archaeological site of the same name, which was a major Panhellenic religious sanctuary of ancient Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were held. The site was primarily dedicated to Zeus and drew visitors from all over the Greek world as one of a group of such "Panhellenic" centres which helped to build the identity of the ancient Greeks as a nation. Despite the name, it is nowhere near Mount Olympus in northern Greece, where the Twelve Olympians, the major deities of Ancient Greek religion, were believed to live.

Elis or Ilia is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Greece. It is situated in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Its capital is Pyrgos.

Population

Year	Village population
1981	210
1991	225
2001	264
2011	139

History

The old name for Kryoneri, Basta (still used in the region), is Italian. The Venetians planted olives, and built the partially finished Venetian castle in Kionia.

Italian is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. Italian, together with Sardinian, is by most measures the closest language to Vulgar Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria. It formerly had official status in Albania, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro (Kotor) and Greece, and is generally understood in Corsica and Savoie. It also used to be an official language in the former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa, where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. In spite of not existing any Italian community in their respective national territories and of not being spoken at any level, Italian is included de jure, but not de facto, between the recognized minority languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Romania. Many speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages.

The Black Death (1347–1350), along with malaria, devastated much of Elis' population. All inhabitants of the villages Basta, Kaloletsi (now Neraida) and Milies had died. After the plague 10,000 Orthodox Christian Albanians settled in the area, invited by Despot of the Morea Manuel Kantakouzenos. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the people from Basta spoke both Greek and Arvanitika. In 1928 the name of the village was changed to the present Kryoneri ("cold water"), a signal that Arvanitika was no longer widely spoken. The children of Basta no longer learn or speak Albanian.

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague or the Plague, or less commonly the Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The Black Death was the first major European outbreak of plague, and the second plague pandemic. The plague created a number of religious, social and economic upheavals which had profound effects on the course of European history.

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.

The Albanians are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula and are identified by a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia as well as in Croatia, Greece and Italy. They also constitute a diaspora with several communities established in the Americas, Europe and Oceania.

Between 1836 and 1912, it was a part of the municipality of Oleni within the Elis prefecture. Between 1912 and 1932 it was part of the independent community Chelidoni. Basta was renamed to Kryoneri in 1928.^[2] In 1932, Kryoneri became an independent community. Kryoneri was renamed to Monastiri in 1940, but this was reverted in 1953. Since 1998 Kryoneri is part of the municipality Archaia Olympia.

Oleni is a village and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece.

Chelidoni is a village in the municipality of Ancient Olympia, Elis, Greece. In 2011 its population was 550. It is located in the southwestern foothills of the Foloi plateau, 3 km west of Kryoneri, 8 km north of Olympia and 17 km east of Pyrgos. The village suffered damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.Chelidoni is also a locality near Ayios Alexandros in the district of Paphos,Republic of Cyprus.

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Lampeia is a mountain village, a community and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Archaia Olympia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 72.447 km². In 2011 the population of the village was 468, and of the community, which includes the village Amygdali, 529.

Dimitra is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Vartholomio, Elis, Greece. It is situated in a rural plain, north of the river Pineios. It is 2 km northwest of Kardiakafti, 2 km east of Machos, 3 km southeast of Neochori and 3 km northeast of Vartholomio. Its population in 2011 was 296 for the village, and 324 for the community, which includes the small village Regklaiika. Between 1835 and 1912 Dimitra was part of the municipality of Myrtountia. Between 1912 and 1933 it was part of the community of Kardiakafti. Between 1933 and 1997, when it joined the municipality of Vartholomio, it was an independent community.

Foloi is a village and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Archaia Olympia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 174.202 km². The seat of the municipality was in the village Lalas, in the southern part of the municipal unit. The village Foloi is situated in the northwestern part. Foloi is situated in a mountainous, sparsely populated area. The Foloi oak forest is located in the municipal unit. Foloi is located about 15 km northeast of Olympia, 30 km east of Pyrgos and 55 km south of Patras. It borders on Arcadia to the east, across the river Erymanthus.

Varda is a town and a community in the municipal unit of Vouprasia, Elis, Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality Vouprasia. The community Varda consists of the town Varda and the villages Kougaiika, Komi, Sympanio and Psari. Varda is situated in the plains near the Ionian Sea, and east of the Kotychi lagoon. It is 2 km southeast of Manolada, 3 km southwest of Nea Manolada, 14 km northeast of Lechaina and 40 km southwest of Patras. The railway from Patras to Pyrgos passes west of the town, and the Greek National Road 9 passes east of the town.

Kryoneri may refer to numerous settlements in Greece:

Figaleia is a mountain village and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Zacharo, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 89.175 km². In 2011 the population was 41 for the village and 1,371 for the municipal unit. The seat of the municipality was in Nea Figaleia. Figaleia is located south of Andritsaina, west of Megalopoli, north-northwest of Kalamata, northeast of Kyparissia and southeast of Pyrgos. Figaleia is located in mountainous southern Elis. The river Neda flows through the municipal unit. The name was taken from the ancient city-state of Phigaleia, which was located near the present village.

Antroni is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Lasiona, Elis, Greece. The community consists of the villages Antroni, Panopoulo, Zachareika and Chania Spartoulia. Antroni is situated near the Foloi oak forest, on a small plateau between deep and narrow river valleys. It is 1 km north of Foloi, 10 km southwest of Lampeia and 19 km northeast of Olympia. The Greek National Road 33 runs through Panopoulo and Chania Spartoulia.

Alpochori is a village and a community in southern Achaea, Greece. Alpochori is located on the northern slope of Mount Erymanthos, about 35 km south of Patras. In 2011 Alpochori had a population of 99 for the village and 236 for the community, which includes the village Agios Dimitrios.

Pelopio is a settlement in the municipality of Ancient Olympia, Elis, Greece. Pelopio is 3 km east of Smila, 4 km northwest of Olympia and 5 km southwest of Chelidoni. The Greek National Road 74 passes south of the village. Pelopio had a population of 976 in 2011.

Doukas is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Foloi, Elis, Greece. In 2011 its population was 34 for the village and 112 for the community, which includes the village Lasdikas. Situated at approximately 600 m above sea level, its climate is relatively cool during the summer and wet during the winter. Doukas is 2 km northwest of Lalas, 4 km east of Kryoneri and 11 km northeast of Olympia. The village was affected by the 2007 Greek forest fires.

Goumero is a village in the municipal unit of Oleni, Elis, Greece. In 2011 its population was 642. It is situated on a hillside in the western foothills of the Foloi plateau, at 500 m elevation. It is 2 km southwest of Agia Anna, 5 km northwest of Neraida, 8 km northeast of Karatoula and 13 km north of Olympia.

Agia Anna is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Oleni, Elis, Greece. In 2011 its population was 168. Agia Anna is built on the slopes of the hill Axofolia, a western spur of the Foloi plateau. In the village square, the elevation is 450 m, and the top of the hill is around 670 m. Agia Anna is 2 km northeast of Goumero, 4 km west of Klindia, 10 km southeast of Simopoulo and 10 km northeast of Karatoula. The area is forested, but suffered damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.

Oreini is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Lampeia, Elis, Greece. Oreini is built on the slopes of Mount Lampeia, part of the Erymanthos range. The community Oreini consists of the villages Oreini and Paliofytia. The population in 2011 was 194 for the village and 206 for the community. Oreini is located 4 km east of Lampeia, 4 km west of Psofida, 6 km south of Agrampela and 32 km northeast of Olympia. The former name of the village, Bostenitsa, suggests a Slavic origin. The revolutionary leader Theodoros Papasimakopoulos, who fought in the Greek War of Independence, was from Bostenitsa.

Agrampela is a village in the municipal unit of Aroania, Achaea, Greece. In 2011, it had a population of 41 for the village and 99 for the community, which includes the village Platanitsa. It is situated in the southern foothills of the Mount Erymanthos. It is 2 km northwest of Plaka, 8 km east of Kalentzi and 26 km southwest of Kalavryta.

Salmoni is a village and a community in the municipality of Pyrgos, Elis, Greece. According to the 2011 census, the village had 612 inhabitants and the community, including the village Alfeios, 643. It is situated in low hills on the right bank of the river Alfeios, at 70 m elevation. It is 2 km southwest of Strefi, 3 km southeast of Varvasaina and 8 km east of Pyrgos. The Greek National Road 74 passes north of the village. A previously independent community, Salmoni is part of Pyrgos since 1997. The current Greek Orthodox metropolitan of Thessaloniki, Anthimos, was born in Salmoni in 1934. The village Alfeios, 3 km west of Salmoni, has two churches, Metamorfoseos tou Sotiros and Saint Raphael.

Geographical name change in Greece is the Greek state's systematic replacement of non-Greek geographical and topographic names within Greece with Greek names as part of a policy and ideology of Hellenization. The main objective of the initiative has been to assimilate or hide geographical or topographical names that were deemed foreign and divisive against Greek unity or considered to be "bad Greek". The names that were considered foreign were usually of Turkish, Albanian, and Slavic origin. Most of the name changes occurred in the ethnically heterogeneous northern Greece and the Arvanite settlements in central Greece. Place names of Greek origin were also renamed after names in Classical Greece.

Kryoneri is a village and a community of the Langadas municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Sochos, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 991 inhabitants in village and 1,310 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kryoneri covers an area of 58.655 km².

Galatas is a village and a community in western Chalkeia, Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece located at 14 m above sea level. According to the 2011 census, the village had 976 inhabitants, and the community, which includes the village Kryoneri, had 1,070 inhabitants.

References

1 2 "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
1 2 Name changes of settlements in Greece

External links

Kryoneri GTP Travel Pages

v t e Subdivisions of the municipality of Archaia Olympia
Municipal unit of Archaia Olympia	Archaia Olympia Archaia Pisa Aspra Spitia Chelidoni Flokas Irakleia Kafkonia Kamena Kladeos Koskinas Kryoneri Linaria Louvro Mageiras Mouria Pefkes Pelopio Platanos Pournari Smila Strefi Vasilaki Xirokampos
Municipal unit of Foloi	Achladini Doukas Foloi Koumanis Lalas Milies Nemouta Neraida Persaina
Municipal unit of Lampeia	Astras Lampeia Oreini
Municipal unit of Lasiona	Agia Kyriaki Agia Triada Antroni Kakotari Kryovrysi Tsipiana