Kurudu people

Last updated
Kurudu
Miobo
Total population
2,180 (1988) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia (Kurudu Island and Pamai Erar)
Languages
Kurudu
Religion
Christianity (majority Protestant)
Related ethnic groups
Berbai  • Kaipuri  • Serui

The Kurudu (Kurudu: Miobo) are an ethnic group who inhabit Kurudu Island and the coasts of Pamai Erar (Poiwai) on the north coast of Papua. The Kurudu people community itself is a mixture of various ethnicities originating from Yapen, Waropen, and Biak who had assimilated with the indigenous Kurudu people in the past and formed the present Kurudu ethnic population. [2] Today, the Kurudu and Kaipuri are united and become known as the Miobo people. [3]

Contents

A Dutch writer, dr. J.J. De Hollander who lived during the 1800s, writes that "The population of the Kurudu consists of completely savage tribes, they are a dangerous but polite people". [4]

History

Kurudu Island or referred to as Miobo Krudu by local residents, is one of the islands belonging to the Yapen Islands, Papua province. That said, this island has been known in the past as a supplier of merchandise, both among Papuan traders and with traders from outside. This can be known through various records of Europeans who visited this island during the VOC until the entry of the Dutch colonial government in West New Guinea. [2]

Since the 16th century, the island of Kurudu was recorded by the Spaniards under the name La Ballena in 1545. Despite being explored in that year, there is not much information about the island of Kurudu. Entering the 18th century, this island was written in the books of Europeans, about the aspects of trade they had observed there. Sir Thomas Forrest visited the island in February 1775, in English he called it "Island of Krudo" meaning the island of Kurudu. He also wrote that the Kurudu-Kaipuri people usually collected turtle shells to be traded with Chinese traders. Yapen, Waropen, and Nabire areas are places where Chinese traders, Bugis, Makassar, Seram, and European do barter with residents in the region. [2]

The Kurudu people produce various local products such as pottery (sempe), carvings, boats, and sago which will later be traded to various places on the north coast of Papua. The Kurudu people also have a trade network that extends to Mamberamo River and extends to Land of Tabi (Jayapura City and Jayapura Regency). For example, the Kurudu people bring products such as beads, knives, plates and exchange them with the Mamberamo people. [2]

In the report of resident Braam Morris, when they visited the residents of Mamberamo (Pauwi village) on July 21, 1884, they found that the natives had items such as beads, knives, plates and other items. When asked where did the Pauwi and Mawa people get these goods, they answered that they were from Kurudu, the Kurudu people often came to them. Traces of such trade have taken place in the 1800s. There is even a Korano (local leader) of Mamberamo named Anggori who can speak Kurudu language. These records seem to support Thomas Forrest's record that Chinese traders had contact with the Kurudu people. This means that the Mamberamo people do not receive these goods directly from Chinese traders. It can be described that after Chinese traders bartered with the Kurudu people, then the Kurudu people bartered again with the Mamberamo people. Referring to Thomas Forrest's notes, it is possible that trade between the Kurudu people and the Mamberamo people has been going on since the 1700s. [2]

Gospel preaching on the island of Kurudu was carried out in 1929 by Laurens Tanamal, the journey of evangelist Laurens Tanamal has been recorded by pastor Albert Jan de Neef in a novel entitled Di Tapal Batas: Mambu Ransar, by Alex Runggeary published by Nas Media Pustaka in Makassar in 2022. [5]

Population

The Kurudu people is an indigenous people in the Yapen Islands and the north coast of Mamberamo Raya, Papua province. They mainly inhabit the East Yapen district (currently divided into several districts, one of them is the Kurudu Island district) and the Waropen Atas district (currently divided into several districts, one of which is the Sawai district). In 1988, the population of East Yapen district numbered 7,397 and Waropen Atas 4,580. Among that number included 2,180 Kurudu people. [1]

Culture

War wen tradition

During the COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world, the Kurudu people believed in the efficacy of three types of plants that were able to ward off the corona virus disease. The three plants in the war wen tradition are nianggotr (forest betel), nianggoi tu (domestic betel), and manemyo (betel leaf catfish). [6]

Boat

Due to the geographical conditions of the area inhabited by the Kurudu people, which is surrounded by the sea, the Kurudu people have a tradition of going to sea which requires a boat. In the local wisdom of the Kurudu tribe, there are 3 types of traditional boats, namely:

  1. Wantbo (boat to catch fish)
  2. Dakam (boats for inter-island transportation and trading of natural products)
  3. Mansusu (boats for war and slave capture)

These three types of boats are equipped with oars (awo), sails (sariun), naju (adaisi), semang (arui), and eyes naju (adaisi re), and water dippers (asobo).

After the influence of the modernization era entered, the Kurudu people recognizes 4 types of motorized boats, viz:

  1. Wa yonson (boats for inter-island transportation as well as trading boats and for fishing)
  2. Kole-kole (boat without naju and landlord)
  3. Speedboat (fiber boat)
  4. Jolor (a kind of small speedboat made of planks).

The Kurudu people has traditional knowledge of making the front of the wantbo and the back of the wantbo. The fore and aft of the wantbo boat in Kurudu are called ode. Namely, the front of the boat is called ode waraun and the back of the boat is called ode wasriu. The shape of the front and back of the Kurudu boat is not the same as the boats of other tribes. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Papua (province)</span> Province of Indonesia

Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri. It is bordered by the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Following the splitting off of twenty regencies to create the three new provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua on 30 June 2022, the residual province is divided into eight regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. The province has a large potential in natural resources, such as gold, nickel, petroleum, etc. Papua, along with five other Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to other Indonesian provinces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yapen</span> Island in the region of Papua, Indonesia

Yapen is an island of Papua, Indonesia. The Yapen Strait separates Yapen and the Biak Islands to the north. It is in Cenderawasih Bay off the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea. To the west is Mios Num Island across the Mios Num Strait, and to the east Kurudu Island. Off the southeast coast of Yapen are the Amboi Islands and to the southwest are the Kuran Islands. Together these islands form the Yapen Islands Regency within the province of Papua. It is populated with communities of Yobi, Randowaya, Serui, and Ansus. Its highest point is 1,496 metres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waropen Regency</span> Regency in Papua, Indonesia

Waropen Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in Papua Province, Indonesia. The Regency covers an area of 10,847.97 km2, and it had a population of 24,639 at the 2010 Census and 33,943 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2021 was 34,414. The capital is the town of Botawa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yapen Islands Regency</span> Regency in Papua, Indonesia

Yapen Islands Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in Papua Province of eastern Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,432.49 km2 (939.19 sq mi), and had a population of 82,951 at the 2010 Census and 112,676 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 116,107. It comprises an archipelago which lies in Cenderawasih Bay off the north coast of Western New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enggano people</span>

The Enggano people are an isolated, but contacted, tribe which inhabits Enggano Island. Enggano Island is a small island located adjacent to the southwest coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The population of Enggano people is not closely tracked. As such, no population estimates beyond the year 2000 appear to exist. Furthermore, the estimates from 1990 and 2000 are not in agreement. The source for the year 2000 estimates that there were 1,500 Enggano people inhabiting the island, while the 1999 source estimates that there were approximately 1,000 Enggano people inhabiting the island. However, both sources agree that the population is likely to continue decreasing.

The Damal or Damalme are a group of people living in the highlands of the Central Papua province of Indonesia. They primarily live in Beoga Valley along the river of Beogong. The Damal people are closely related to the Delem people, and with the Amungme people living in the southern lowland region. Delem is an ethnic group reportedly descended from the Damal people, Dani people, and Wano people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bonerate people</span>

The Bonerate people are an ethnic group in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. They inhabit around the Selayar island group such as Bonerate, Madu, Kalaotoa, and Karompa islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singkil people</span> Ethnic group in Aceh, Indonesia

Singkil people are an ethnic group of people found in Aceh Singkil Regency and Subulussalam, Aceh province, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abui people</span> Ethnic group from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

The Abui are an indigenous ethnic group residing on Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Abui people are spread across the districts of South Alor, East Alor, and Northwest Alor in Alor Regency. Abui people speak the Abui language, which is a Papuan (non-Austronesian) language, as well as Indonesian, and a Malay-based creole known as Alor Malay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotenese people</span>

Rotenese people are one of the native inhabitants of Rote Island, while part of them reside in Timor. Apart from that, the Rotenese people also settled in islands surrounding Rote Island, such as Ndao Island, Nuse Island, Pamana Island, Doo Island, Heliana Island, Landu Island, Manuk Island, and other smaller islands. There are some who believed that the Rotenese people originally migrated from Seram Island, Maluku. They were thought to have arrived on the Rote Island during the reign of the Majapahit kingdom in the late 13th-16th century. It was during this time that there were references to the rulers of the Rotenese people. Initially, the Rotenese people founded settlements on the island of Timor, where they engaged in manual slash-and-burn farming and used irrigation system.

Helong people are one of the indigenous inhabitants of Timor Island, in Indonesia. Most of them live in Kupang Regency, namely in West Kupang and Central Kupang; and some also settled in Flores Island and Semau Island. Their livelihoods are mainly farming, hunting, fishing, and making traditional crafts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bungku people</span>

Bungku people are an ethnic group who mostly resides in North Bungku, South Bungku, Central Bungku, and Menui Islands districts di Morowali Regency, in Central Sulawesi province of Indonesia. This ethnic group is divided into several sub-groups, namely Lambatu, Epe, Ro'tua, Reta, and Wowoni. Bungku people have their own language, called Bungku language, which is one of their characteristic and serves as a means of communication between themselves. They generally embrace Islam or Christianity.

Serui Malay is a variety of the Papuan Malay language native to parts of the Indonesian province of Papua. It is spoken in the city of Serui and other places on the Yapen Islands, as well as in nearby coastal areas of the New Guinea mainland.

Lembak people, also known as Linggau people, are a local ethnic group that inhabits several areas of Bengkulu Province and South Sumatra Province in Indonesia. Their original settlements are in the border area between the two provinces, in the Barisan mountain range, with densely clustered villages pattern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Papua</span> Province in Indonesia

Central Papua, officially the Central Papua Province is an Indonesian province located in the central region of Western New Guinea. It was formally established on 11 November 2022 from the former eight western regencies of the province of Papua. It covers an area of 61,072.92 km2 and had an officially estimated population of 1,430,951 in mid 2022. It is bordered by the Indonesian provinces of West Papua to the west, province of Papua to the north, and by Highland Papua and South Papua to the east. The designated administrative capital is located in Nabire Regency.

Yaur is an ethnic group who inhabit the northern coastal area of Nabire Regency precisely in Yaur District. The area inhabited by the Yaur people is included in the Saireri customary territory which includes the northern coast of Nabire, Biak Islands, and Yapen Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waropen people</span> Ethnic group in Indonesia

The Waropen or also called Wonti is an ethnic group that inhabits coastal areas in northern Papua, especially in Waropen Regency and several surrounding areas especially Upper Waropen in Mamberamo Raya Regency. People of the Waropen communicate using Waropen language as their native language, and Indonesian, and Papuan Malay as lingua franca in their area.

The Kaipuri or Miobo are ethnic group who inhabit Kurudu Island in Cenderawasih Bay, Papua. The Kaipuri are one of the two ethnic groups inhabiting the island of Kurudu, besides the Kurudu.

References

  1. 1 2 Melalatoa, J. (1995). Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia. Jilid A-K. Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Orang Kurudu dan Perdagangan di Masa Lalu". www.pustakapapua.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  3. ↑ "Kilas Prosesi Peminangan Suku Miobo di Tanah Papua". kadatebintuni.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  4. ↑ Handleiding bij de beoefening der Land- En Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 1884, hlm. 431.
  5. ↑ Runggeary, Alex (2022). Di Tapal Batas: Mambu Ransar. edeposit.perpusnas.go.id (in Indonesian). Makassar: Nas Media Pustaka. ISBN   978-623-351-471-2.
  6. ↑ "Masyarakat Arfak, Membangun Kehidupan Di Tengah Pandemi, Tak Abai Lingkungan Alami". bbksda-papuabarat.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  7. ↑ @paulssukardipapua (27 November 2020). "BENTUK ODEBO, WASRIU DAN BAGIAN-BAGIAN WANTBO (PERAHU TRADISIONAL SUKU KURUDU)" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 May 2023– via Instagram.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.