Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences

Last updated
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
Kyoto Prize(U-S-A-) 2013-11-03 17-37.jpg
Awarded forGlobal achievement in Basic Sciences
Country Japan
Presented by Inamori Foundation
First awarded1985
Website www.kyotoprize.org

The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology and the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. The first Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences was awarded to Claude Elwood Shannon, the “Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory”. [1] The Prize is regarded as a prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize. [2]

Contents

Fields

The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded on a rotating basis to researchers in the following four fields:

Laureates

Source: Kyoto Prize

Biological sciences

YearLaureateCountry
1986 George Evelyn Hutchinson Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1903–1991Outstanding Contribution to Limnology and Community Ecology by Integrative Ecological Niche Theory [3]
1990 Jane Goodall 2015.jpg Jane Goodall Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom born 1934Long-Term Study of Behavior, Sociology, and Ecology of Chimpanzees in the Wild [4]
1993 William Donald Hamilton Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1936–2000Proposal of Inclusive Fitness and the Establishment of Evolutionary Theory of Sociality and Cooperation [5]
1997 Daniel Hunt Janzen cropped.jpg Daniel Hunt Janzen Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1939Pioneering Study of Biodiversity in Tropics and Its Maintenance Mechanisms [6]
2001 John Maynard Smith.jpg John Maynard Smith Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1920–2004Contribution to Evolutionary Biology by Proposing the Idea of the Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) [7]
2005 Simon Asher Levin Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1941Establishment of the field of spatial ecology and the proposition of the biosphere as a "complex adaptive system" [8]
2009 Barbara Rosemary Grant Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom born 1936Demonstrating Rapid Evolution Caused by Natural Selection in Response to Environmental Changes [9] [10]
Peter Raymond Grant Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom born 1936
2013 Masatoshi Nei - 2013.jpg Masatoshi Nei Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1931Research on the Evolution of Biological Populations Using Quantitative Analyses of Genetic Variation and Evolutionary Time [11]
2017 George Farquhar.png Graham Farquhar Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia born 1947Development of Process-based Models of Photosynthesis and Their Contributions to the Science of Global Environmental Changes [12]
2022 Bryan Grenfell Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1954Development of an Innovative Methodology for Integrative Analysis of Pathogen Evolution and Epidemics. [13]

Mathematical sciences

YearLaureateCountry
1985 ClaudeShannon MFO3807.jpg Claude Elwood Shannon Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1916–2001Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory [14]
1989 Izrail Moiseevich Gelfand Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 1913–2009Outstanding Contribution to Many Fields of Mathematical Sciences, Especially Pioneering Studies in Functional Analysis [15]
1994 Andre Weil cropped.jpg André Weil Flag of France.svg  France 1906–1998Broad Contribution to the Modern Mathematics, Especially through the Foundational Works in Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory [16]
1998 Kiyosi Ito.jpg Kiyoshi Itō Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1915–2008Fundamental Contribution to the Stochastic Analysis, through His Invention of Stochastic Differential Equations, Which Have Been Applied in Various Sciences [17]
2002 Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich.jpg Mikhail Gromov Flag of France.svg  France born 1943Contributions through dramatic developments in a range of mathematical fields by introducing the innovative method of a metric structure for families of various geometrical objects [18]
2006 Hirotsugu Akaike Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1927–2009Major contribution to statistical science and modeling with the development of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) [19]
2010 Laszlo Lovasz mg 1867 cropped.jpg László Lovász Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary born 1948Outstanding Contributions to Mathematical Sciences Based on Discrete Optimization Algorithms [20]
2014 Edward Witten.jpg Edward Witten Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1951Outstanding Contributions to the Development of Mathematical Sciences through the Exploration of Superstring Theory [21]
2018 Masaki Kashiwara.jpg Masaki Kashiwara Flag of Japan.svg  Japan born 1947Outstanding Contributions to a Broad Spectrum of Modern Mathematics: Advancement of D-module Theory from Its Foundation [22]
2023 Elliott-Lieb-07.jpeg Elliott H. Lieb Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1932Pioneering Mathematical Research in Physics, Chemistry, and Quantum Information Science Based on Many-Body Physics [23]

Earth and planetary sciences, astronomy and astrophysics

YearLaureateCountry
1987 JanOort3.png Jan Hendrik Oort Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1900–1992Outstanding Contribution to Astronomy by the Elucidation of Structure and Dynamics of the Galaxy [24]
1991 Edward Norton Lorenz Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1917–2008Outstanding Contribution to Earth Science and Mathematical Science by the Development of Theoretical Basis of Numerical Study in Meteorology and the Discovery of Deterministic Chaos [25]
1995 Chūshirō Hayashi Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1920–2010Outstanding Contribution to Astrophysics through the Theoretical Studies of the Stellar Formation and Evolution and the Formation of Solar System [26]
1999 Crafoordprize 2010-10.jpg Walter Heinrich Munk Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1917–2019Outstanding Contribution to the Earth Science by the Elucidation of Dynamical Mechanism of Ocean and Its Waves [27]
2003 Prof. Eugene Parker from University of Chicago.jpg Eugene Newman Parker Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1927–2022Contributions to Astrophysics through the Elucidation of the Solar Wind and Cosmical Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena [28]
2007 Hiroo Kanamori Flag of Japan.svg  Japan born 1936Elucidation of Physical Processes of Earthquakes and Its Application to Hazard Mitigation [29]
2011 Sunyaev.jpg Rashid Alievich Sunyaev born 1943Proposal of the Theory of Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation to Explore the Expanding Universe, and Outstanding Contribution to High-Energy Astronomy [30]
2015 Michel Mayor, 2012 (cropped).jpg Michel Mayor Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland born 1942Outstanding Contributions in Evolving a New Vision of the Universe through the Discovery of Extrasolar Planet [31]
2019 JamesEGunn2000.jpg James E. Gunn Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1938Outstanding Contributions to the Elucidation of Cosmic History Based on a Large-Scale Wide-Field Observation. [32]

Life sciences

YearLaureateCountry
1992 Nishiz, yasutomi.jpg Yasutomi Nishizuka Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1932–2004Elucidation of Intracellular Signal Transduction System through the Discovery and Functional Analysis of the Protein Kinase C [33]
1996 MarioCapecchiFotoThalerTamas2.JPG Mario Renato Capecchi Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1937Production of Knockout Mice through the Development of Gene Targeting Technique and Outstanding Contribution to Elucidation of Gene Function [34]
2000 Walter Jakob Gehring 2014.jpg Walter Jakob Gehring Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland born 1939Discovery of Conserved Developmental Mechanisms [35]
2004 Nci-vol-8196-300 alfred knudson.jpg Alfred G. Knudson Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1922–2016Seminal contribution to the establishment of the theory of the tumor suppressor gene in the mechanism of human carcinogenesis [36]
2008 Anthony James Pawson 1952–2013Proposing and Proving the Concept of Adapter Molecules in the Signal Transduction [37]
2012 Yoshinori Osumi 201511.jpg Yoshinori Ohsumi Flag of Japan.svg  Japan born 1945Outstanding Contribution to Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Autophagy, a Cellular Adaptive System to Environment [38]
2016 Tasuku Honjo 201311.jpg Tasuku Honjo Flag of Japan.svg  Japan born 1942Discovery of the Mechanism Responsible for the Functional Diversification of Antibodies, Immunoregulatory Molecules and Clinical Applications of PD-1 [39]
2020No award because of COVID-19 pandemic
2021 Robert G Roeder.jpg Robert G. Roeder Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1942Discovery of the Principle of Gene Transcription Mechanisms in Eukaryotes [40]

Cognitive science

YearLaureateCountry
1988 Noam Chomsky portrait 2015.jpg Avram Noam Chomsky Flag of the United States.svg  United States born 1928Creation of the Theory of Generative Grammar and Substantial Contribution to the Formation and Development of Cognitive Science [41]

See also

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References

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  2. "Kyoto Prize honors achievement and character". USA Today. 11 November 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
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  40. "Robert G. Roeder". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
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