Bryan Grenfell

Last updated

Bryan Grenfell
OBE FRS
Born
Bryan Thomas Grenfell

(1954-12-07) 7 December 1954 (age 69) [1]
Alma mater
Scientific career
Fields Epidemiology [2]
Institutions
Thesis Population dynamics of baleen whales and krill in the Southern Ocean  (1981)
Website eeb.princeton.edu/people/bryan-grenfell

Bryan Thomas Grenfell (born 1954) [1] is a British population biologist and the Kathryn Briger and Sarah Fenton Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Public Affairs at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. [2] [3]

Contents

Education

Grenfell earned a Bachelor of Science degree with honours from Imperial College London, and DPhil in biology from the University of York in 1981. [4]

Career and research

After his DPhil, Grenfell spent a post-doctoral period at Imperial College London, with Roy Anderson, before joining the faculty at the University of Sheffield. He moved to the University of Cambridge in 1990, to the Pennsylvania State University in 2004, and then to Princeton University in 2009. He has served as a member of the Board of Governors of the Wellcome Trust (2014–2021). [5] [6]

Grenfell's research [2] focuses on the (often non-linear) dynamics and control of infectious diseases in humans and animals. [7] [8] He has used simple epidemiological models and time series analysis to interpret large spatio-temporal datasets, elucidating the spread through time and space of acute infectious pathogens, notably measles. [9] [10]

In 2004, Grenfell and colleagues coined the term phylodynamics to describe the interaction between pathogen evolutionary dynamics and the dynamics of epidemics. [11] This concept has been widely applied since, for example, in discussing how pathogens evolve in response to host immunity. [12]

Grenfell and collaborators have been extensively involved in analyzing the dynamics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic that began in 2020. In particular, they have focused on the impact of immune life history on the future dynamics of the pandemic and the performance of vaccination strategies. [13] [14]

Awards and honours

In 1991 Grenfell was awarded a T.H. Huxley Medal from Imperial College London, and in 1995 the 1995 Scientific Medal of the Zoological Society of London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2004. [15] He has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2006, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2011. In 2008, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Sheffield. In 2022 he received the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences. [16]

Related Research Articles

Mathematical models can project how infectious diseases progress to show the likely outcome of an epidemic and help inform public health and plant health interventions. Models use basic assumptions or collected statistics along with mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases and use those parameters to calculate the effects of different interventions, like mass vaccination programs. The modelling can help decide which intervention(s) to avoid and which to trial, or can predict future growth patterns, etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beth Shapiro</span> American evolutionary molecular biologist (born 1976)

Beth Alison Shapiro is an American evolutionary molecular biologist, associate director for conservation genomics at the UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. In March 2024, Shapiro became chief scientific officer of Colossal Biosciences. She also taught in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Sir Roy Malcolm Anderson is a leading international authority on the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases. He is the author, with Robert May, of the most highly cited book in this field, entitled Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. His early work was on the population ecology of infectious agents before focusing on the epidemiology and control of human infections. His published research includes studies of the major viral, bacterial and parasitic infections of humans, wildlife and livestock. This has included major studies on HIV, SARS, foot and mouth disease, bovine tuberculosis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), influenza A, antibiotic resistant bacteria, the neglected tropical diseases and most recently COVID-19. Anderson is the author of over 650 peer-reviewed scientific articles with an h-index of 125.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christopher Dye</span>

Christopher Dye FRS, FMedSci is a biologist, epidemiologist and public health specialist. He is Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Oxford and formerly Director of Strategy at the World Health Organization.

Paul H. Harvey is a British evolutionary biologist. He is Professor of Zoology and was head of the zoology department at the University of Oxford from 1998 to 2011 and Secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 2000 to 2011, holding these posts in conjunction with a professorial fellowship at Jesus College, Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gil McVean</span> British statistical geneticist (born 1973)

Gilean Alistair Tristram McVean is a professor of statistical genetics at the University of Oxford, fellow of Linacre College, Oxford and co-founder and director of Genomics plc. He also co-chaired the 1000 Genomes Project analysis group.

Viral phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies. Since the term was coined in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeremy Farrar</span> British medical researcher

Sir Jeremy James Farrar is a British medical researcher who has served as Chief Scientist at the World Health Organization since 2023. He was previously the director of The Wellcome Trust from 2013 to 2023 and a professor of tropical medicine at the University of Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon Dougan</span>

Gordon Dougan is a Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Cambridge and head of pathogen research and a member of the board of management at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Cambridge, United Kingdom. He is also a Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge. During his career, Dougan has pioneered work on enteric diseases and been heavily involved in the movement to improve vaccine usage in developing countries. In this regard he was recently voted as one of the top ten most influential people in the vaccine world by people working in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lalita Ramakrishnan</span> Indian-American microbiologist

Lalita Ramakrishnan is an Indian-born American microbiologist who is known for her contributions to the understanding of the biological mechanism of tuberculosis. As of 2019 she serves as a professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Cambridge, where she is also a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and a practicing physician. Her research is conducted at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, where she serves as the Head of the Molecular Immunity Unit of the Department of Medicine embedded at the MRC LMB. Working with Stanley Falkow at Stanford, she developed the strategy of using Mycobacterium marinum infection as a model for tuberculosis. Her work has appeared in a number of journals, including Science, Nature, and Cell. In 2018 and 2019 Ramakrishnan coauthored two influential papers in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) arguing that the widely accepted estimates of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis—estimates used as a basis for allocation of research funds—are far too high. She is married to Mark Troll, a physical chemist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christl Donnelly</span> American-British epidemiologist (born 1967)

Christl Ann Donnelly is a professor of statistical epidemiology at Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Peter's College, Oxford. She serves as associate director of the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis. In 2022, Donnelly was appointed Head of the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimitri Kullmann</span> British neurologist

Dimitri Michael Kullmann is a British neurologist who is a professor of neurology at the UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), and leads the synaptopathies initiative funded by the Wellcome Trust. Kullmann is a member of the Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Bacterial phylodynamics is the study of immunology, epidemiology, and phylogenetics of bacterial pathogens to better understand the evolutionary role of these pathogens. Phylodynamic analysis includes analyzing genetic diversity, natural selection, and population dynamics of infectious disease pathogen phylogenies during pandemics and studying intra-host evolution of viruses. Phylodynamics combines the study of phylogenetic analysis, ecological, and evolutionary processes to better understand of the mechanisms that drive spatiotemporal incidence and phylogenetic patterns of bacterial pathogens. Bacterial phylodynamics uses genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to better understand the evolutionary mechanism of bacterial pathogens. Many phylodynamic studies have been performed on viruses, specifically RNA viruses which have high mutation rates. The field of bacterial phylodynamics has increased substantially due to the advancement of next-generation sequencing and the amount of data available.

Julia Rose Gog is a British mathematician and professor of mathematical biology in the faculty of mathematics at the University of Cambridge. She is also a David N. Moore fellow, director of studies in mathematics at Queens' College, Cambridge and a member of both the Cambridge immunology network and the infectious diseases interdisciplinary research centre.

Renee Elizabeth Sockett is a professor and microbiologist in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Nottingham. She is a world-leading expert on Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a species of predatory bacteria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanja Stadler</span> German mathematician and professor of computational evolution

Tanja Stadler is a mathematician and professor of computational evolution at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. She’s the current president of the Swiss Scientific Advisory Panel COVID-19 and Vize-Chair of the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering at ETH Zürich.

Caetano Maria Pacheco Pais dos Reis e Sousa is a Portuguese scientist who is a senior group leader at the Francis Crick Institute and a professor of Immunology at Imperial College London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Buckee</span> Epidemiologist and Associate Professor

Caroline O'Flaherty Buckee is an epidemiologist. She is a Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Buckee is known for her work in digital epidemiology, where mathematical models track mobile and satellite data to understand the transmission of infectious diseases through populations in an effort to understand the spatial dynamics of disease transmission. Her work examines the implications of conducting surveillance and implementing control programs as a way to understand and predict what will happen when dealing with outbreaks of infectious diseases like malaria and COVID-19.

Andrew Rambaut is a British evolutionary biologist, as of 2020 professor of molecular evolution at the University of Edinburgh.

Michael Joseph Mina is an American epidemiologist, immunologist and physician. He was formerly an assistant professor of Epidemiology & Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, assistant Professor of Pathology at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and currently Chief Medical Officer at eMed. and Chief Medical and Science Officer at Oncodea.

References

  1. 1 2 Anon (2016). "Grenfell, Prof. Bryan Thomas" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U10000465.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. 1 2 3 Bryan Grenfell publications indexed by Google Scholar OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  3. ↑ Bryan Grenfell at princeton.edu.
  4. ↑ Bryan Grenfell, Alumni Professor of the Biological Sciences, in: Science Journal, Summer 2005.
  5. ↑ Professor Bryan Grenfell and Professor Tobias Bonhoeffer join the Wellcome Trust Board of Governors Wellcome Trust, press release of July 7, 2014.
  6. ↑ Anon (2016). "Board of Governors". wellcome.ac.uk. London: Wellcome Trust. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016.
  7. ↑ Grenfell, Bryan T., and Andrew P. Dobson (eds). Ecology of infectious diseases in natural populations. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  8. ↑ Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Farrar, Jeremy; Cutts, Felicity T.; Basta, Nicole E.; Graham, Andrea L.; Lessler, Justin; Ferguson, Neil M.; Burke, Donald S.; Grenfell, Bryan T. (2016). "Use of serological surveys to generate key insights into the changing global landscape of infectious disease". The Lancet. 388 (10045): 728–730. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30164-7. PMC   5678936 . PMID   27059886.
  9. ↑ Grenfell, BT; Kappey, J; Bjornstad, ON (2001). "Travelling waves and spatial hierarchies in measles epidemics". Nature. 414 (6865): 716–723. doi:10.1038/414716a. PMID   11742391. S2CID   2805.
  10. ↑ Grenfell, Bryan T.Measles: Nonlinearity and Stochasticity in an Epidemic Metapopulation, Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN   978-0-19-853006-0
  11. ↑ Grenfell, B. T.; Pybus, Oliver; Gog, Julia; Wood, James; Daly, Janet; Mumford, Jenny; Holmes, Edward C. (2004). "Unifying the Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Pathogens". Science. 303 (5656): 327–332. Bibcode:2004Sci...303..327G. doi:10.1126/science.1090727. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   14726583. S2CID   4017704.
  12. ↑ Voltz, Eric M; Koelle, Katia; Gog, Julia (2013). "Viral Phylodynamics". PLOS Computational Biology. 9 (3): e1002947. Bibcode:2013PLSCB...9E2947V. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002947 . PMC   3605911 . PMID   23555203.
  13. ↑ Saad-Roy, Chadi (2020). "Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years". Science. 370 (6518). et al.: 811–818. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..811S. doi:10.1126/science.abd7343. PMC   7857410 . PMID   32958581.
  14. ↑ Wagner, Caroline (2021). "Vaccine nationalism and the dynamics and control of SARS-CoV-2". Science. 373 (6562). et al.: eabj7364. doi:10.1126/science.abj7364. PMC   9835930 . PMID   34404735. S2CID   237199024.
  15. ↑ Anon (2015). "Professor Bryan Grenfell OBE FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." -- "Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  16. ↑ Kyoto Prize 2022
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.