LGBTQ people in science

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Mona Lisa, one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg
Mona Lisa , one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works

LGBT people in science are students, professionals, hobbyists, and anyone else who is LGBT and interested in science. The sexuality of many people in science remains up for debate by historians, largely due to the unaccepting cultures in which many of these people lived. [1] For the most part, we do not know for certain how people in the past would have labelled their sexuality or gender because many individuals lived radically different private lives outside of the accepted gender and sexual norms of their time. [1] One such example of a historical person in science that was arguably part of the LGBT community is Leonardo da Vinci, whose sexuality was later the subject of Sigmund Freud's study. [2] [3]

Contents

In modern times, LGBTQ+ individuals in science still navigate a landscape shaped by discrimination, social exclusion, and professional devaluation, but increased visibility and advocacy have led to growing efforts for inclusion and equity. Numerous organizations now work to support LGBTQ+ scientists, while companies and institutions are implementing policies aimed at fostering diversity and reducing barriers for underrepresented groups in STEM. Issues such as the "glass closet," where individuals feel pressure to conceal their identities for career advancement, continue to highlight the ongoing need for systemic change in the scientific community.

History of LGBT people in science

Magnus Hirschfeld, a German physician and sexologist, was one of the first advocates for homosexual and transgender rights. Hirschfeld was most well known for his sexual theories and for activism. [4] In 1897 Hirschfeld created the first sexual rights organization, the Scientific Humanitarian Community, which aimed to explore and defend the rights of homosexuals. As one of the first advocates for homosexual rights, Hirschfeld faced a great amount of backlash from newspapers claiming, for example, that "abnormal propensities" should be distanced from "mainstream medicine". [5] Hirschfeld was attacked by Nazis for being gay and Jewish, and he was beaten, sacked, and had his books burned. He was eventually forced into exile in France.

John Maynard Keynes, an English economist, changed the ideology and practice of macroeconomics, and his ideas formed the school of thought known as Keynesian economics. Keynes's romantic relationships early in his life were only with other men. [6] He had many sexual encounters with other men and he was open about these affairs. Several communities, in which Keynes was involved with, such as the Bloomsbury Group, and the Cambridge Apostles were accepting towards Keynes's homosexuality. People who opposed Keynes's ideas used his sexuality to attack his work. [7] In Keynes's later years he began to pursue affairs with women. In 1925, Keynes married well-known Russian ballerina, Lydia Lopokova.

Writer, physician, tubercular radiologist, and transsexual Alan L. Hart made great strides in tuberculosis detection after earning his master's degree in radiology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1928. [8] Hart sought psychiatric help from his professor, J. Allen Gilbert, for his "abnormal" attraction to women previous to his transition. The treatment of Hart was documented in the case study "Homosexuality and Its Treatment" in 1920. Hart requested a full hysterectomy, claiming he felt that he deserved to be sterilized for his "abnormal inversions". [8]

Alan Turing was a mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. A key figure in twentieth-century science, Turing led a group of cryptanalysts during World War II that successfully cracked the German Enigma machine, an achievement that significantly contributed to the Allied victory. His work not only helped shorten the war but also laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. [9]

Despite his monumental contributions, Turing faced persecution due to his sexuality. In 1952, Turing was charged with "gross indecency" when his homosexuality was revealed—an offense under British law at the time. Rather than face imprisonment, Turing accepted hormone therapy, a form of chemical castration, which severely impacted his health and well-being. Two years later, in 1954, Turing died from cyanide poisoning, widely believed to be suicide. Much of his wartime work remained classified under the Official Secrets Act, and his scientific achievements were largely overshadowed by his prosecution during his lifetime.

At the height of the Lavender Scare, astronomer Frank Kameny was fired by the US Army Map Service in 1957, shortly after his PhD from Harvard University. In 1958, he was barred from future employment in the federal government. Subsequently, radicalized, he became "one of the most significant figures" in the American gay rights movement. [10] According to chemist Abhik Ghosh, the legendary porphyrin chemist Martin Gouterman, [11] only a few years Kameny's junior, managed to escape similar persecution and was able to pursue a successful scientific career at the University of Washington.

Computer scientist Lynn Conway worked at IBM and invented a method for issuing multiple out-of-order instructions per machine cycle. She was also a pioneer of microchip design with many high-tech companies today using her work as the foundations for their technology. [12] Conway suffered from gender dysphoria and underwent a gender transition in 1968. After Conway revealed her intent to transition to IBM, she was fired. After her transition, Conway kept her transition a secret with only a few close friends who knew. In 2000 when her story went public, she began to work in transgender activism to advocate for more transgender rights and transgender equality. [13]

George Washington Carver was an agricultural scientist who developed several plant-based products and promoted the start of peanut farming. Although Carver did not make any comments on his sexuality a previous partner suggested that he was bisexual, and it is known that he lived the remainder of his life with Curtis Austin Jr.

Sara Josephine Baker was a physician known by the name Doctor Jo who developed many programs for disease prevention. She created the Federal Children's Bureau which significantly contributed to the improvement of hygiene. As a leader in public health Baker is known for tracking down and quarantining Mary Mallon aka "Typhoid Mary", helping prevent the further spread of the typhoid fever.

Baker was also an early advocate for women's leadership in medicine and was one of the firts women to make significant strides in the field. She focused on the link between poverty and poor health, working to provide universal access to medical care. An openly gay woman, Baker lived with author Ida Alexa Ross Wiley for the later part of their lives. Despite the challenges she faced, her hard work saved countless lives and left a lasting legacy in public health. [14]

Sally Ride was an astrophysicist known for being the first American woman in space. She developed a foundation in her name dedicated to improving science education, particularly for young girls. After she died, it was announced that she and Tam O'Shaughnessy, who she had lived with for 27 years, were partners. This made Ride the first LGBT astronaut as well. [15]

Ben Barres a neurobiologist, was one of the first openly transgender scientists and the first to be inducted into the prestigious US National Academy of Sciences. He was a passionate advocate for trans and women's rights, challenging the systemic injustices within both science and academia. Barres made significant contributions to our understanding of the brain, particularly through his research on glial cells. His life and experiences are further explored in his autobiography, The Autobiography of a Transgender Scientist. [16]

Lauren Esposito is a pioneering figure in the LGBTQ+ community and a champion for diversity in STEM. As the only woman scorpion expert in the world, Esposito has made groundbreaking contributions to the field of arachnology while advocating for queer visibility in science. Coming from a family deeply rooted in STEM, she followed her passion for biology but faced significant challenges as an openly queer individual navigating academia. Esposito's experience with gendered harassment and microaggressions fueled her commitment to creating a more inclusive space for LGBTQ+ scientists. In 2018, she founded the initiative 500 Queer Scientists , a global visibility campaign to highlight the stories of LGBTQ+ professionals in STEM. With over 1,500 stories shared, Esposito continues to inspire others by fostering a supportive, connected community for queer scientists worldwide. [17]

Ruth Gates was a marine biologist and a passionate advocate for coral reef conservation. As the Director of the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, she dedicated her career to studying coral-algal symbiosis and developing strategies to help corals adapt to climate change. A proud member of the LGBTQ+ community, Gates married her wife Robin in 2018, just months before her passing. Known for her groundbreaking research on heat-resistant corals, Gates aimed to safeguard coral reefs from the devastating effects of ocean warming and acidification.

Beyond her scientific achievements, Gates was deeply committed to public outreach, using documentaries like Chasing Coral to raise awareness about the urgent need for climate action. Her legacy continues through her lab, the Coral Resilience Lab, and through initiatives like the Ruth Gates Coral Restoration Innovation Grant, ensuring her mission to protect coral ecosystems lives on. Dr. Gates' work not only transformed reef studies but also inspired others to believe in the possibility of changing the narrative around climate change, making her an influential figure for both the scientific and LGBTQ+ communities. [18] [19]

Richard Summerbell is a leading figure in mycology, recognized globally for his research on fungi and their impact on human and environmental health. As a prolific scientist with over 150 peer reviewed publications, Summerbell's work has significantly advanced our understanding of fungi, from their role in forest ecosystems to their involvement in human infections. Beyond his contributions to science, Summerbell was a prominent advocate for the LGBTQ+ community, actively participating in the liberation movement in the 70s and 80s. He co-hosted the Canadian show Coming Out, helping to challenge stigmas surrounding AIDS, sexuality, and religion. His activism combined with his groundbreaking work in fungal biodiversity and public health, makes him a key figure in scientific advancements as well as LGBTQ+ visibility. [20] [21]

Challenges for LGBT people in science

There are traditions and expectations that LGBT people should not study or have careers in science, according to Manil Suri. [22] In 2016 the American Physical Society published a list of ways in which LGBT physicists have a more difficult career experience than their non-LGBT counterparts. [23]

Studies have shown that many LGBT faculty and researchers are not out in their departments, and coming out may negatively affect retention. [24] This is of particular issue in the STEM field as the work cultures and professional environments within this field of work can often exclude or alienate the existence of the LGBT community and the individuals within it. [25] [26] [27] A 2021 study identified various inequalities for LGBT people in science. [28]

LGBTQ professionals in STEM face a variety of challenges that make their work environments more hostile than those of their non-LGBTQ colleagues. They are more likely to leave their jobs due to higher levels of social exclusion, professional devaluation, and harassment rates up to 30% higher than their peers. [29] LGBTQ individuals also report fewer opportunities for skill development, less access to resources, and less confidence about whistleblowing without retaliation. These issues contribute to higher levels of stress, insomnia, and depression, often linked to workplace marginalization.

Chemist David Smith speculated that the visibility of more LGBT role models in science would make it easier for other LGBT students to join the sciences, and conducted a survey which seemed to support this view. [30]

A report on a 2015 survey of United States undergraduate students found that gay students of science were more likely to change their major to a subject outside of science than non-LGBT students. [31] Various studies suggest that social barriers, harassment, and professional devaluation contribute to higher turnover rates among LGBTQ professionals in STEM fields. LGBTQ scientists of color, transgender and nonbinary individuals, and LGBTQ women face compounded disadvantages, with higher levels of exclusion, devaluation, and health challenges. [32] [33]

Unique challenges for transgender and nonbinary scientists further complicate the picture. They report higher rates of both physical and mental health difficulties, as their gender identity is often more visible than sexual orientation, making them more vulnerable to discrimination. Dylan Baker, a transgender software engineer at Google, noted that gender nonconformity or transitioning impacts all interactions in ways that sexual orientation does not, as the latter can be more easily concealed if desired.

Some academic commentators who study LGBT issues commented that LGBT students face social barriers to studying science which non-LGBT people do not experience. [34] Various activist organizations used this study as supporting evidence that social changes could bring equal opportunity for LGBT people to study and have careers in science. [35]

The "Glass Closet"

The "glass closet" represents a pervasive yet often understated barrier that LGBTQ+ individuals face in the workplace. It encapsulates the challenges of being visible while simultaneously encountering implicit biases, microaggressions, or overt discrimination [36] . In science, academia, and industry, these challenges are magnified by systemic structures that have historically excluded LGBTQ+ voices.

Breaking free from this metaphorical closet is crucial not only for personal authenticity but also for fostering innovation, equity, and diversity across all professional fields. Historically, the risks associated with coming out in professional settings were profound.

Efforts to foster inclusivity in the workplace have made significant strides in recent years. Progressive organizations, such as Out & Equal Workplace Advocates, have been instrumental in creating safer spaces for LGBTQ+ employees. Similarly, companies like Genentech have implemented comprehensive policies to support LGBTQ+ professionals, including offering domestic partnership benefits and establishing employee resource groups. These initiatives are steps toward dismantling the systemic barriers that perpetuate the glass closet. [37] However, progress is not uniform. Inconsistent federal protections and varying state-level policies leave many LGBTQ+ individuals vulnerable to discrimination. For instance, the lack of universal domestic partnership benefits creates significant inequities, particularly for those living in conservative regions. Addressing these systemic gaps requires sustained advocacy at both the organizational and governmental levels.

The importance of dismantling the glass closet extends beyond individual empowerment. [38] Research shows that diverse teams outperform homogenous ones, fostering innovation and creativity. Organizations like NOGLSTP and SACNAS have helped this movement, providing mentorship, networking opportunities, and resources for LGBTQ+ professionals and their allies. These efforts are crucial for building supportive communities that amplify marginalized voices.

Breaking the barriers of the glass closet is both an ethical imperative and a strategic necessity. People like Rochelle Diamond, Ben Barres, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Dean Hamer, and Joan Roughgarden exemplify the resilience and brilliance that LGBTQ+ professionals bring to their fields. By creating inclusive environments that value authenticity and diversity, workplaces can unlock the full potential of their teams, driving progress and innovation across many different fields.

Organizations & Campaigns

United States

NASA pride parade in Silicon Valley NASA LGBT parade.jpg
NASA pride parade in Silicon Valley

In recognition that LGBT people are underrepresented in the sciences, various universities have programs to encourage more LGBT students to join their science programs. [39] The organization is oSTEM (Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has a network of about 90 student chapters at universities across the United States. [40] oSTEM has an annual conference and aims to provide a place for LGBT science students to gather, whether they are out or not. [41]

Other professional organizations for LGBT people in science include the Out to Innovate. [42] Out to Innovate educates professional communities about LGBT issues and offers two scholarships annually. [42] In 2018, Lauren Esposito, curator of arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences, created the campaign 500 Queer Scientists, which aims to promote inclusivity in science. [43] NASA employees annually holds LGBT pride parade events. [44]

Additional LGBTQ-focused organizations in tech and STEM include Lesbians Who Tech, a global network that promotes visibility, leadership, and opportunities for LGBTQ women and non-binary individuals in tech. Maven Youth [45] focuses on empowering LGBTQ+ youth through tech education, mentorship, and leadership development, helping them prepare for careers in STEM. Out for Undergrad (O4U) [46] connects high-achieving LGBTQ undergraduates with professional opportunities and mentorship in industries like technology and engineering.

QueerTech [47] offers a platform for LGBTQ professionals in tech to network and increase representation in the field. TransTech Social Enterprises [48] supports trans and gender non-conforming individuals through tech training and job opportunities. StartOut [49] is dedicated to fostering entrepreneurship within the LGBTQ community by providing resources, mentorship, and networking for LGBTQ entrepreneurs, especially in the tech sector.

United Kingdom and Europe

Pride in STEM, a charitable organization based in the United Kingdom, co-founded the International Day of LGBTQ+ People in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths. [50] In Germany, a similar movement was founded under the name LGBTQ STEM Berlin. [51]

The first interdisciplinary conference in the UK for LGBTQ+ people working in STEM fields was the LGBTSTEMinar hosted at the University of Sheffield in 2016. [52] [53] It has been hosted annually since then and in 2020 the Royal Society Athena Prize was awarded for this work. [54]

Corporate Policies & Inclusion Efforts

Corporate policies aimed at promoting LGBTQ+ inclusion have become important for diversity, equity, and innovation in the modern workplace. Achieving true inclusion requires more than surface-level commitments; it involves embedding equity into policies, practices, and cultural norms. [55]

The Value of Inclusive Corporate Policies

Inclusive policies serve as both a moral imperative and a strategic advantage. Research consistently demonstrates that diverse workplaces outperform less inclusive ones by fostering creativity, improving problem-solving, and enhancing employee satisfaction. The 2021 Corporate Equality Index by the Human Rights Campaign illustrates that workplaces supportive of LGBTQ+ employees experience higher productivity, retention, and employee engagement. [56] Despite this, LGBTQ+ employees in many parts of the U.S. remain vulnerable due to inconsistent federal protections, necessitating proactive efforts by individual companies. [57]

Examples of Inclusive Practices

Several key practices exemplify the commitment to inclusion, from equitable benefits to creating safe spaces for gender expression.

Gender-neutral bathrooms, for instance, offer essential dignity and inclusivity for nonbinary and transgender employees. By removing binary constraints, these facilities help mitigate daily stressors for gender-diverse employees. [58]

Similarly, respecting preferred pronouns is another cornerstone of an inclusive workplace. The recognition of self-identified names and pronouns fosters a culture of respect and reduces microaggressions. Inclusive dress codes further empower employees by eliminating outdated gender norms and allowing for authentic self-expression. [59]

Equitable leave policies are particularly vital for LGBTQ+ families, who have historically been excluded from benefits such as parental leave and family health insurance. [60]

Industry Examples in LGBTQ+ Inclusion

Companies that expand the language of their policies to include all family structures demonstrate a commitment to true equity. Finally, robust anti-discrimination policies provide a foundational safeguard, ensuring that all employees feel safe, valued, and respected.

Apple is a leader in promoting diversity, with initiatives such as Pride@Apple, a resource group for LGBTQ+ employees. Apple's workforce reflects significant representation from underrepresented communities, and its openly gay CEO, Tim Cook, serves as a visible advocate for equity. [61]

AT&T, a pioneer in LGBTQ+ inclusion, was among the first companies to implement anti-discrimination policies based on sexual orientation. Its LGBTQ+ employee network, League at AT&T, has been a model for workplace resource groups since its founding in 1987. The company also actively supports LGBTQ+ visibility through sponsorships like the LOVELOUD music festival. [62]

Google demonstrates its commitment through extensive philanthropic efforts, such as donating millions to LGBTQ+ organizations and initiatives like OutRight Action International. The company's platform amplifies LGBTQ+ visibility through features such as LGBTQ-friendly business attributes and Pride-themed doodles. [63]

IBM has a longstanding history of inclusion, offering domestic partner benefits since 1996 and collaborating with organizations like Out & Equal to advance workplace equity. The company's leadership on legislative issues, including personal appeals to Congress for the Equality Act, underscores its dedication to systemic change. [64]

Salesforce similarly prioritizes LGBTQ+ inclusion through equality groups such as Outforce and targeted diversity recruiting initiatives. In 2021, the company launched gender-inclusive benefits, including support for transgender employees and their families, during Transgender Awareness Week. [65]

PayPal has taken bold stances against discriminatory policies, such as withdrawing plans for a headquarters in North Carolina after the state passed anti-LGBTQ+ legislation. Its partnerships with organizations like Out in Tech demonstrate a broader commitment to advocacy and digital equity. [66]

Pinterest stands out for publishing its own gender transition guide and earning top scores in the Human Rights Campaign's Corporate Equality Index. The company provides resources and benefits aligned with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, reinforcing its dedication to inclusivity. [67]

Broader Impact

Corporate efforts to support LGBTQ+ employees extend beyond internal policies. By leveraging their platforms, these companies influence societal norms and advance broader conversations about equality. For example, public support for the Equality Act and partnerships with advocacy organizations amplify the fight for federal anti-discrimination protections. [68] Furthermore, initiatives like diversity resource groups provide critical networking and mentorship opportunities, enabling LGBTQ+ professionals to advance their careers. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain. Companies must continually evaluate and adapt their policies to address emerging needs and ensure all employees feel empowered. [69] The ongoing advocacy of industry leaders sets a promising precedent for workplaces of the future, where diversity and inclusion are integral to corporate success. [70] By adopting and expanding these practices, businesses can drive meaningful change for their employees, industries, and society at large.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ community</span> Community and culture of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people

The LGBTQ community is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning individuals united by a common culture and social movements. These communities generally celebrate pride, diversity, individuality, and sexuality. LGBTQ activists and sociologists see LGBTQ community-building as a counterweight to heterosexism, homophobia, biphobia, transphobia, sexualism, and conformist pressures that exist in the larger society. The term pride or sometimes gay pride expresses the LGBTQ community's identity and collective strength; pride parades provide both a prime example of the use and a demonstration of the general meaning of the term. The LGBTQ community is diverse in political affiliation. Not all people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender consider themselves part of the LGBTQ community.

Out & Equal Workplace Advocates is a United States lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBTQ) workplace equality non-profit organization headquartered in Oakland, California.

The origin of the LGBTQ student movement can be linked to other activist movements from the mid-20th century in the United States. The Civil Rights Movement and Second-wave feminist movement were working towards equal rights for other minority groups in the United States. Though the student movement began a few years before the Stonewall riots, the riots helped to spur the student movement to take more action in the US. Despite this, the overall view of these gay liberation student organizations received minimal attention from contemporary LGBTQ historians. This oversight stems from the idea that the organizations were founded with haste as a result of the riots. Others historians argue that this group gives too much credit to groups that disagree with some of the basic principles of activist LGBTQ organizations.

The Corporate Equality Index is a report published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation as a tool to rate American businesses on their treatment of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees, consumers and investors. Its primary source of data are surveys but researchers cross-check business policy and their implications for LGBTQ workers and public records independently. The index has been published annually since 2002. Additionally, the CEI focuses on the positive associations of equality promoting policies and LGBTQ supporting businesses which has developed to reflect a positive correlation between the promotion of LGBTQ equality and successful organizations. Following the top 100 corporations that are publicly ranked under the CEI, participating organizations remain anonymous. For businesses looking to enforce and expand LGBTQ diverse and inclusive policies, the CEI provides a framework that allows businesses to recognize and address issues and policies that restrict equality for LGBTQ people in the workplace.

LGBTQ student centers and services are administrative offices of a college, university or students' union that provide resources and support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) students. LGBTQ has expanded to LGBTQ2IA+ to include lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, intersex, aromantic, asexual, agender and other identities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National LGBTQ+ Bar Association</span> American bar association

The National LGBTQ+ Bar Association, formerly the National Lesbian and Gay Law Association and the National LGBT Bar Association, is a national association of lawyers, judges and other legal professionals, law students, activists, and affiliated lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender legal organizations. It was formally founded in 1989 and became an official affiliate of the American Bar Association in 1992. The association is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and its current executive director is D’Arcy Kemnitz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education and the LGBTQ community</span>

Historically speaking, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people have not been given equal treatment and rights by both governmental actions and society's general opinion. Much of the intolerance for LGBTQ individuals come from lack of education around the LGBTQ community, and contributes to the stigma that results in same-sex marriage being legal in few countries (31) and persistence of discrimination, such as in the workplace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Libraries and the LGBT community</span> Library services to the LGBT community

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orinam</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics</span>

Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Inc., abbreviated oSTEM, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit professional society dedicated to LGBTQ+ individuals within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community.

LGBTQ psychology is a field of psychology of surrounding the lives of LGBTQ+ individuals, in the particular the diverse range of psychological perspectives and experiences of these individuals. It covers different aspects such as identity development including the coming out process, parenting and family practices and support for LGBTQ+ individuals, as well as issues of prejudice and discrimination involving the LGBTQ community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clara Barker</span> British engineer, material scientist, and LGBT advocate

Clara Michelle Barker is a British engineer and material scientist. In 2017 she received the Points of Light award from the UK Prime Minister's Office for her volunteer work raising awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues. The outcome of this was her rise as a significant role model to the LGBT+ community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesbians Who Tech + Allies</span>

Lesbians Who Tech & Allies is a community founded by Leanne Pittsford in 2012 to create a place for queer women and their allies in the field of technology.

Rochelle Anne "Shelley" Diamond is a research biologist, queer activist, and chair emeritus of Out to Innovate, formerly known as National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals. She was the Director of California Institute of Technology's Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource Laboratory 1982-2024 and also the Lab Manager for Ellen Rothenberg's research lab (1982-present).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pips Bunce</span> British bank executive and LGBT campaigner

Pippa "Pips" Bunce is a British banking executive who works to promote LGBTQIA+ and ally inclusion and advocacy. Bunce, who is non-binary and genderfluid, is a senior director at Credit Suisse. They serve as the Head of Global Markets Core Engineering Strategic Programs and as the co-chair of the LGBT Ally Program at Credit Suisse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolyn Brinkworth</span> Advocate of DEI in STEM, LGBTQ activist

Carolyn S. Brinkworth is a British-born LGBTQ community activist and advocate of diversity and inclusion in STEM educational institutions and in the field itself, based in the United States. She holds a PhD in astrophysics and a master's degree in education. As chief diversity, equity, and inclusion officer (CDO) at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, Brinkworth has led DE&I initiatives, revamping hiring practices and changing the culture of the organization through training and professional development programs. Her master's thesis included recommendations on how to create inclusive environments for LGBTQ individuals studying STEM. She has also co-published research on the effectiveness of career development seminars in encouraging students from minority communities to pursue STEM professions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mason J. Dunn</span> American lawyer, educator, and LGBTQ rights advocate

Mason J. Dunn is an American lawyer, educator, and LGBTQ+ rights advocate based in Massachusetts (MA). Dunn is known for their long-standing work in transgender rights and public policy, including co-chairing the "Yes on 3" campaign, which successfully preserved transgender protections in MA's public accommodations law. They currently serve as the Director of Education and Research at the Massachusetts LGBT Chamber of Commerce, where they provide inclusivity training and resources for businesses across the state. Dunn is a nonbinary, trans masculine, and bisexual/queer identifying Jewish person who uses he/him or they/them pronouns.

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Further reading