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Lacaille 9352 is a red dwarf star in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus. With an apparent visual magnitude of 7.34, this star is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye except possibly under excellent seeing conditions. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of about 10.74 light-years from Earth. It is the eleventh closest star system to the Solar System and is the closest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus. The ChView simulation shows that its closest neighbour is the EZ Aquarii triple star system at about 4.1 ly away.
GJ 1061 is a red dwarf star located 12 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation of Horologium. Even though it is a relatively nearby star, it has an apparent visual magnitude of about 13, so it can only be seen with at least a moderately-sized telescope.
TZ Arietis is a red dwarf in the northern constellation of Aries. With a normal apparent visual magnitude of 12.3, it is too faint to be seen by the naked eye, although it lies relatively close to the Sun at a distance of 14.6 light-years. It is a flare star, which means it can suddenly increase in brightness for short periods of time.
Gliese 581d was a candidate extrasolar planet orbiting within the Gliese 581 system, approximately 20.4 light-years away in the Libra constellation. It was the third planet claimed in the system and the fourth or fifth in order from the star. Multiple subsequent studies found that the planetary signal in fact originates from stellar activity, and thus the planet does not exist.
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
Gliese 832 b is a gas giant exoplanet about 80% the mass of Jupiter, located 16.2 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Grus, orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 832.
Gliese 180, is a small red dwarf star in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 10.9. The star is located at a distance of 39 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −14.6 km/s. It has a high proper motion, traversing the sky at the rate of 0.765 arcseconds per year.
GJ 3512 is a nearby star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is invisible to the naked eye but can be observed using a telescope, having an apparent visual magnitude of +15.05. The star is located at a distance of 31 light-years from the Sun based on parallax. It has a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 1.311″ yr−1. The measurement of the star's radial velocity is poorly constrained, but it appears to be drifting further away at a rate of ~8 km/s.
Luyten b is a confirmed exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the nearby red dwarf Luyten's Star. It is the fourth-closest potentially habitable exoplanet known, at a distance of 12 light-years. Only Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, and GJ 1061 d are closer. Discovered alongside Gliese 273c in June 2017, Luyten b is a super-Earth of around 2.89 times the mass of Earth and receives only 6% more starlight than Earth, making it one of the best candidates for habitability.
GJ 1132 is a small red dwarf star 41.1 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Vela. In 2015, it was revealed to have a hot rocky Earth-sized planet orbiting it every 1.6 days. In 2018, a second planet and a potential third were revealed.
Gliese 686 is a star in the constellation of Hercules, with an apparent magnitude +9.577. Although it is close to the Solar System - at 26.5 light years - it is not the closest known star in its constellation, since Gliese 661 is 20.9 light years away. The closest system to this star is the bright μ Herculis, at 4.5 light years. They are followed by GJ 1230 and Gliese 673, at 7.2 and 7.6 light years respectively.
GJ 357 is an M-type main sequence star with an unusually low starspot activity. It is located 31 light-years from the Solar System. The system is part of the Hydra constellation.
LTT 1445 is a triple M-dwarf system 22.4 light-years distant in the constellation Eridanus. The primary LTT 1445 A hosts two exoplanets—one discovered in 2019 that transits the star every 5.36 days, and another found in 2021 that transits the star every 3.12 days, close to a 12:7 resonance. As of October 2022 it is the second closest transiting exoplanet system discovered, with the closest being HD 219134 bc.
HD 260655 is a relatively bright and cool M0 V red dwarf star located 33 light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Gemini. HD 260655 has two confirmed rocky planets, named HD 260655 b and HD 260655 c, that were discovered in 2022. Both planets were detected by the TESS mission and confirmed independently with archival and new precise radial velocity data obtained with the HIRES observatory since 1998, and the CARMENES survey instruments since 2016.
References
- 1 2 Tuomi, M.; et al. (11 June 2019). "Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood". arXiv: 1906.04644 [astro-ph.EP].
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jeffers, S. V.; Dreizler, S.; Barnes, J. R.; Haswell, C. A.; Nelson, R. P.; Rodríguez, E.; López-González, M. J.; Morales, N.; Luque, R.; et al. (2020), "A multiple planet system of super-Earths orbiting the brightest red dwarf star GJ887", Science, 368 (6498): 1477–1481, arXiv: 2006.16372 , Bibcode:2020Sci...368.1477J, doi:10.1126/science.aaz0795, PMID 32587019, S2CID 220075207
- ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — GJ 887 c". exoplanet.eu. 1995. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
- ↑ Prostak, Sergio (June 26, 2020). "Compact System of Super-Earths Found around Lacaille 9352". Sci News. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
- ↑ Carter, Jamie. "Planets Found Around 'Best Star By Far' Just 11 Light-Years Away". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
- ↑ Yee, Samuel W.; Petigura, Erik A.; von Braun, Kaspar (2017). "Precision Stellar Characterization of FGKM Stars using an Empirical Spectral Library". The Astrophysical Journal. 836 (1): 77. arXiv: 1701.00922 . Bibcode:2017ApJ...836...77Y. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/77 .
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