Lakhi Jungle (jungle)

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Lakhi Jungle
Detail of the Lakhi Jungle tract from a sketch map of the country northwest of Dehli to the southern bank of the Ravi River, including the districts of Haryana and Bikaner, by William Francklin, June 1802 (F07-10) (cropped).jpg
Detail of the Lakhi Jungle tract from a sketch map of the country northwest of Delhi to the southern bank of the Ravi River, including the districts of Haryana and Bikaner, by William Francklin, June 1802
Geography
Location Punjab, India

Lakhi Jungle, also known as Lakhi Jangali, [1] was a historical jungle located in present-day Punjab, India. [note 1] It should not be confused with the historical Machhiwara jungle. [2] The region was referred to as the Lakhi-Jangal tract. [1] A number of toponyms of parganas were recorded in Mughal documents bearing the Lakhi suffix. [1]

Contents

History

Detail of the Lakhi Jungle tract as surveyed by Mirza Mogul Beg between 1786-96 for F. Wilford, map compiled in 1804. Detail of the Lakhi Jungle tract as seen in a map of the countries to the west of Delhi as far as Kabul and Multan, including the Punjab, surveyed by Mirza Mogul Beg between 1786-96 for F. Wilford, compiled in 1804 (detail).jpg
Detail of the Lakhi Jungle tract as surveyed by Mirza Mogul Beg between 1786–96 for F. Wilford, map compiled in 1804.

A jungle formed in this area due to the shifting course of the Sutlej river. [3] A Bhatti chief, named Rana Lakhi, is said to have settled in the area of the Lakhi Jungle around the turn of the millennium between the 10th and 11th centuries. [3] During the Mughal-period, the Lakhi Jungle was a faujdari -district under the Birun-Panjnad area of the Dipalpur Sarkar of Multan Subah. [1] The ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Teg Bahadur and tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh visited this place. [4] During the time period of Guru Gobind Singh and later, the area of the later Firozpur division was covered by a dense forest which stretched from Bathinda to Kotkapura. [5] [6] The Lakhi Jungle Darbar was based in the Lakhi Jungle tract. [7] After the evacuation of Anandpur, the Guru held a poetic court (Kavi Darbar) within the Lakhi Jungle. [8] According to Piara Singh Padam, it was attended by Behari, Lal Das Khiali, Adha, Jado Rai, Fat Mal, Keso, and Bhagtu. [8]

Hymn of Guru Gobind Singh in Raga Majh written in the Lakhi Jungle sometime in December 1705. From a manuscript copy by Bhai Mani Singh. Hymn of Guru Gobind Singh in Raga Majh Written in Lakhi Jungle Sometime in December 1705 CE, From a Manuscript Copy by Bhai Mani Singh.jpg
Hymn of Guru Gobind Singh in Raga Majh written in the Lakhi Jungle sometime in December 1705. From a manuscript copy by Bhai Mani Singh.

In the 18th century, the Sikhs used the surrounding jungle (from which the village takes its name) as a hideout from persecution by the Mughal Empire and the Duranni Empire. [9] During Ahmad Shah Durrani's seventh invasion of India between 1764 and 1765, the Sikhs used the jungle as a hideout. [10] The area was known for its horse traders, which may have partly attracted Sikh refugees to the area. [11] Historian Muzaffar Alam notes that the Sikhs of the 18th century used the jungle as a place of safety from state oppression and as a staging ground to launch attacks on plundering neighbouring villages and extracting tribute from zamindars . [12] Abdus-samad Khan crushed a rebellion by local Bhatti zamindars of the Lakhi Jungle in the 18th century. [13] The area was well-renowned for horse-breeding and its oxen all the way up till the 19th century. [3] The jungle has been deforested by canal colonies. [14]

There is a sub-region of the Malwa region of Punjab known as Jangal, derived from the areas that were part of the former tract of the Lakhi Jungle, which comprises of the districts of Bathinda, Faridkot, Muktsar, and Firozpur districts. [15]

Places named after the Lakhi Jungle

Notes

  1. ↑ Also spelt as 'Lahkee Jungle' or 'Lakhi Jangal'.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Habib, Irfan (1986). An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detailed Notes, Bibliography and Index (reprint ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 10.
  2. ↑ "Baldev Singh greets people on 'Gurupurab'". Kashmir News Service. KNS. 20 January 2021. Retrieved 2023-05-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. 1 2 3 Gommans, Jos (2017). The Indian Frontier : Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires. Milton: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-351-36356-3. OCLC   1051140387. According to local tradition, one of the Bhatti chiefs, Rana Lakhi, settled in the Lakhi Jungle, the extensive jungle produced by the ever shifting Sutlej, in the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030). He subsequently became a Muslim and founded 300 villages. He also procured a great number of Iranian horses and ordered his subjects to begin horse-breeding. Other evidence also confirms the high quality of the local horse breed, a standard that was kept up by the foreign horses that staged the perennial invasions from the north-west. Sultan Balban (1266-87), being cut off from foreign sources, procured most of his cavalry horses in the Bhatti area. The whole of the eastern Punjab, but the Lakhi Jungle in particular, remained a major horse-breeding area up to the nineteenth century,
  4. ↑ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). "Khalsa Battles Against Mughal Imperialism". History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Vol. 2. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 841. ISBN   9788126908585.
  5. ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (1994). History of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 303. ISBN   81-215-0276-4. OCLC   41281752.
  6. ↑ Dhillon, Harish (2015). The Sikh Gurus. Hay House Publishing. ISBN   978-93-84544-45-4. OCLC   968092357. The Guru camped in Lakhi jungle, a forest between the towns of Bhatinda and Kotkapura, for a while, and then moved on to Talwandi Sabo, where he was greeted with great warmth by Bhai Dalla, the landlord.
  7. ↑ Padam, Piara Singh (1976). Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji De Darbari Rattan (in Punjabi).
  8. 1 2 Singh, Manjit; Vakta, Harbhajan Singh (October 2020). Gurdwara Gazette (PDF). Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 211, 214.
  9. ↑ Singh, Teja. (1999). A short history of the Sikhs. Volume one, 1469-1765. Singh, Ganda. (3rd ed.). Patiala: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. ISBN   9788173800078. OCLC   235973547.
  10. ↑ Kohli, Surindar Singh (1993). The Sikhs and Sikhism. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 63.
  11. ↑ Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W.H. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 189. ISBN   9781442236011. LAKHI JUNGLE. A wasteland south of Firozpur where the Khalsa sheltered during periods of persecution in the 18th century. The sheltering likely had to do with the fact that the area was a well-known ground of horse traders.
  12. ↑ Environment and History. Vol. 5. White Horse Press. 1999. p. 365.
  13. ↑ Irvine, William (1991). "Sikhs Ravage North Punjab Repeatedly". Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 311.
  14. ↑ Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan; Kumar, Dharma (1982). The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750. CUP Archive. p. 6. ISBN   978-0-521-22692-9.
  15. ↑ Bhatti, H. S. (2000). Folk Religion: Change and Continuity. Rawat Publications. pp. 27–29. ISBN   9788170336082.
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