Laura Holgate | |
---|---|
9th and 11th United States Ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Vienna | |
In office February 1, 2022 –January 20, 2025 | |
President | Joe Biden |
Preceded by | Jackie Wolcott |
Succeeded by | TBD |
In office July 18,2016 –January 18,2017 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Joseph Macmanus (2014) |
Succeeded by | Jackie Wolcott |
Personal details | |
Born | Laura Susan Hayes 1965 (age 59–60) |
Education | Princeton University (BA) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MA) |
Laura Susan Hayes Holgate [1] (born 1965) [2] is an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Vienna and to the International Atomic Energy Agency from 2022 to 2025 and previously from 2016 to 2017.
Holgate earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University and a Master of Arts in political science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [3]
Holgate began her career at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. [4]
From 1995 through 1998,Holgate was special coordinator for cooperative threat reduction at the Department of Defense and,from 1998 to 2001,she directed the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fissile Materials Disposition from 1998 to 2001. [5]
Holgate was a founding Vice President of Nuclear Threat Initiative,leading its Russia/New Independent States programs from 2001 to 2009. [5]
From 2009 to 2016,Holgate served as the special assistant to the president and senior director for weapons of mass destruction terrorism and threat reduction on the U.S. National Security Council. She was the U.S. Sherpa to the Nuclear Security Summits and worked with White House WMD Czar Gary Samore to first implemented Gift basket diplomacy in the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit and 2012 Nuclear Security Summit. [6] [5] National Security Council (NSC) Director for Nuclear Threat Reduction Shawn Gallagher is credited with conceiving and first proposing the policy. [7]
In 2016,Holgate was confirmed as the United States ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Vienna. [8] She was also America's representative at the International Atomic Energy Agency and the other significant UN offices in Vienna. [4] During 2016 she was given a Nunn-Lugar Trailblazer Award for reducing the risk of nuclear war. The other recipients were Dr. Gloria Duffy,Dr. Susan Koch and Ms. Jane Wales. She served until January 2017.
From 2017 to 2021,she was vice president for Materials Management at the Washington-based Nuclear Threat Initiative. In November 2018 she introduced the ideas of International Gender Champions into nuclear policy. [3]
On July 27,2021,President Joe Biden announced the nomination of Holgate to serve again as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Vienna. [9] Her nominations to the United Nations Office at Vienna and to the International Atomic Energy Agency were sent to the Senate the following day. [10] Hearings on her nominations were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on September 30,2021. The committee reported the nominations favorably on October 19,2021. The United States Senate confirmed the nomination to the United Nations Office at Vienna on December 18,2021,by voice vote. [11] On February 1,2022,she presented her credentials to Ghada Fathi Waly,Director-General of the United Nations Office at Vienna. [12] Holgate's nomination to the IAEA expired at the end of the year and was returned to President Biden on January 3,2022. [13]
Holgate's nomination was resent the following day. The committee favorably reported the nomination on January 12,2022. On March 29,2022,the Senate confirmed the nomination to the International Atomic Energy Agency by voice vote. [14] She presented her credentials to Rafael Grossi,Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency,on April 8,2022. [15]
Nuclear terrorism refers to any person or persons detonating a nuclear weapon as an act of terrorism. Nuclear terrorism outlines a broad category of possible terror incidents,ranging in feasibility and scope. Possible methods include the sabotage of a nuclear facility,the intentional irradiation of citizens,and/or the detonation of a radiological device,colloquially termed a dirty bomb,but consensus is lacking. According to the 2005 United Nations International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. nuclear terrorism is an offense committed if a person unlawfully and intentionally "uses in any way radioactive material …with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury;or with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment;or with the intent to compel a natural or legal person,an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act."
The Nuclear Threat Initiative,generally referred to as NTI,is a non-profit organization located in Washington,D.C. NTI was founded in 2001 by former U.S. Senator Sam Nunn and philanthropist Ted Turner and describes itself as a "a nonprofit,nonpartisan global security organization focused on reducing nuclear,biological,and emerging technology threats imperiling humanity."
Yukiya Amano was a Japanese diplomat,who served as the Director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from 1 December 2009 until his death on 18 July 2019. Previously,Amano served as an international civil servant for the United Nations and its subdivisions.
The 2010 Nuclear Security Summit was a summit held in Washington,D.C.,on April 12 and 13,2010. The Summit focused on how to better safeguard weapons-grade plutonium and uranium to prevent nuclear terrorism.
Joseph Estey Macmanus is an American diplomat who served as Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that,he served as the U.S. Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna from 2012 to 2014,as well as interim coordinator for efforts to implement President Barack Obama's Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015.
Bonnie Denise Jenkins is an American diplomat who served as the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security in the Biden Administration. During the Obama administration,she was the U.S. Department of State's coordinator for threat reduction programs in the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation.
Linda Thomas-Greenfield is an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to the United Nations under President Joe Biden from 2021 to 2025. She served as the U.S. assistant secretary of state for African affairs from 2013 to 2017. Thomas-Greenfield then worked in the private sector as a senior vice president at business strategy firm Albright Stonebridge Group in Washington,D.C.
Bathsheba "Sheba" Nell Crocker is an American diplomat who had served as the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. She previously served as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 2014 to 2017.
Laura Farnsworth Dogu is an author and diplomat who is the United States Ambassador to Honduras. She previously served as the United States Ambassador to Nicaragua in the Obama administration.
Virginia Evelyn Palmer is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to Ghana since 2022. Palmer is the former United States ambassador to Malawi. She was nominated by President Barack Obama and confirmed by the Senate,beginning that assignment in January 2015.
Leena Al-Hadid is a Jordanian diplomat,ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Austria,the Czech Republic,Slovakia,Hungary,and Slovenia. She also serves as Jordan's permanent representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the United Nations in Vienna. In 2018–2019,she was the elected chairperson of the International Atomic Energy Agency's board of governors.
Kent Doyle Logsdon is an American diplomat who had served as the U.S. ambassador to Moldova. He previously served as the U.S. chargéd'affaires for Germany.
Vivian N. R. Okeke is a Nigerian former diplomat. She was Ambassador to Austria,Slovakia,and international bodies based in Vienna.
Julie D. Fisher is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to Cyprus since February 2023.
Lisa A. Carty is an American diplomat who serves as United States ambassador to the United Nations Economic and Social Council in the Biden administration.
Constance J. Milstein is an American attorney and businesswoman who served as the United States ambassador to Malta from 2022 to 2025