The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT,is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology,to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy,and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Between 1965 and 1968,the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament,a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva,Switzerland.
John Robert Bolton is an American attorney,diplomat,Republican consultant,and political commentator. He served as the 25th United States ambassador to the United Nations from 2005 to 2006,and as the 26th United States national security advisor from 2018 to 2019.
Ron Dermer is an American-born Israeli political consultant and diplomat serving as the Israeli Minister of Strategic Affairs since 2022. He served as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States from 2013 to 2021.
Thomas Alfred Shannon Jr. is an American diplomat who served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2016 to 2018. In early 2017,Shannon served as acting United States Secretary of State until President Donald Trump's nominee,Rex Tillerson,was confirmed. He was also acting Deputy Secretary of State of the United States until the Senate confirmed President Trump's nominee,John J. Sullivan.
Daniel Benjamin "Dan" Shapiro is an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Israel from 2011 to 2017. He was nominated by President Barack Obama on March 29,2011,and confirmed by the Senate on May 29. He was sworn in as ambassador by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on July 8,2011. Previously,he was the senior director for the Middle East and North Africa on the United States National Security Council. As an Obama administration political appointee,Shapiro was ordered on January 5,2017,to resign upon the inauguration of President Donald Trump. On August 30,2021,President Joe Biden appointed Shapiro as a special liaison to Israel on Iran.
Peter Michael McKinley is an American diplomat. A career Foreign Service Officer,McKinley served as U.S. Ambassador to Peru (2007–2010),Colombia (2010–2013),Afghanistan (2015–2016),and Brazil (2017–2018),and then as Senior Adviser to the U.S. Secretary of State (2018–2019).
John Joseph Sullivan is an American attorney and government official who served as the United States Ambassador to Russia from 2020 to 2022,and who previously served as the 19th United States Deputy Secretary of State from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party,Sullivan served as Acting United States Secretary of State from April 1,2018,to April 26,2018,following President Donald Trump's dismissal of Secretary of State Rex Tillerson on March 13,2018,until Tillerson's official successor,Mike Pompeo,was sworn in. Tillerson did not officially leave office until March 31,2018. Sullivan,however,was delegated all responsibilities of the Secretary of State beginning March 13.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,also known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal,is an agreement to limit the Iranian nuclear program in return for sanctions relief and other provisions. The agreement was finalized in Vienna on 14 July 2015,between Iran and the P5+1 together with the European Union.
Bernadette M. Meehan is an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to Chile from 2022 to 2025. She previously worked as chief international officer for the Obama Foundation. She also served as a spokesperson for the United States National Security Council in the Obama Administration.
This article discusses the negotiations between the P5+1 and Iran that led to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.
Azita Raji was an Iranian-born American diplomat,banker,and philanthropist. She was nominated by President Barack Obama in October 2014 to serve as the United States ambassador to the Kingdom of Sweden,and confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate in February 2016. She presented her credentials to King Carl XVI Gustaf on March 15,2016,and completed her tour of duty on January 20,2017.
Randy William Berry is an American diplomat who had served the United States ambassador to Namibia. He has previously served as the United States ambassador to Nepal and the first U.S. special envoy for the human rights of LGBTI persons.
Lucy Tamlyn is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo since February 2023. She previously served as chargéd'affaires to Sudan;as United States ambassador to the Central African Republic;and as United States ambassador to Benin.
Kelly Dawn Craft is an American businesswoman,politician,and former diplomat who served as the 30th United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2019 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. She was confirmed as the US ambassador to the United Nations by the US Senate by a vote of 56–34,and was officially sworn in September 2019.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,more commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal,was the international agreement reached on Iran's nuclear program in Vienna in 2015. The deal,made after several years of negotiation,set in place strict guidelines to regulate and oversee the Iranian nuclear program including the reduction of centrifuges,enriched uranium stockpiles,and an agreement to allow regular inspections of nuclear sites,among other aspects. The deal has attracted enormous criticism by certain political and media elements in the United States and Iran as the deal is viewed as conciliatory in nature by some factions in both countries. For example,President Donald J. Trump called the Iran deal,"the worst deal ever negotiated" and United States Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell characterized it as "flawed",while hardliners in Iran have indicated a desire to subvert it. Much of the criticism in the United States has been centered on the issue of appeasement and Iran's compliance,while in Iran many of the criticisms revolve around the issue of sovereignty and non-nuclear restrictions.
Colin Hackett Kahl is an American political scientist who served as under secretary of defense for policy in the Biden administration from April 28,2021,to July 17,2023. Previously,he served as national security advisor to the vice president under then-Vice President Joe Biden (2014–2017). After the Obama administration,Kahl served as a Steven C. Házy Senior Fellow at Stanford University.
Lisa S. Dougherty Kenna is an American diplomat who has served as Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State since January 2025. She had served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Intelligence and Research from September 11,2023,to January 20,2025. She had served as the United States Ambassador to Peru from March 2021 to September 2023. She served as Acting Secretary of State for only a day,as Senator Marco Rubio was confirmed by the Senate on the day of her appointment,and was later sworn in on January 21,2025.
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal,is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran,the P5+1,and the European Union.
Yael Lempert is an American diplomat served as the United States ambassador to Jordan from September 2023 to January 2025. Lempert is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service,having served in various roles including Senior Director for the Levant,Israel,and Egypt at the National Security Council,and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in London. In 2023,she was nominated by President Biden and confirmed by the Senate to be the ambassador to Jordan.
