Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.
In Japan, onsen are the country's hot springs and the bathing facilities and traditional inns around them. As a volcanically active country, Japan has many onsens scattered throughout all of its major islands.
Legionella longbeachae is one species of the family Legionellaceae. It was first isolated from a patient in Long Beach, California. It is found predominantly in potting soil and compost. In humans, the infection is sometimes called Pontiac fever. Human infection from L. longbeachae is particularly common in Australia, but cases have been documented in other countries including the United States, Japan, Greece and the UK.
Aeromonas is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Most of the 14 described species have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The organisms are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water.
Legionella oakridgensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from industrial cooling tower waters. It is pathogenic.
Legionella cherrii is an aerobic, flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella. It was isolated from a heated water sample in Minnesota. L. cherrii is similar to another Legionella species, L. pneumophila, and is believed to cause major respiratory problems.
Legionella dresdenensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Elbe in Dresden in Germany.
Legionella dumoffii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella with a monopolar flagellum which was isolated from lung tissue of a patient who suffered from fatal pneumonia. L. dumoffii occurs in soil and freshwater environments and can cause human pneumonia and accidentally induce other diseases such as prosthetic valve endocarditis and septic arthritis.
Legionella gormanii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from soil samples from a creek bank in Atlanta and from the bronchial brush specimen of a patient who suffered from pneumonia. L. gormanii can cause atypical pneumonia together with L. pneumophila.
Legionella jordanis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Jordan River in Bloomington, Indiana and from the sewage in DeKalb County, Georgia. L. jordanis is a rare human pathogen and can cause respiratory tract infections.
Legionella lansingensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a patient with pneumonia through bronchoscopy.
Legionella londiniensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from hot spring water in Shizuoka in Japan.
Legionella maceachernii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a potable water cistern. L. maceachernii can cause pneumonia.
Legionella nagasakiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a sample of hot spring water in Aomori in Japan and from human lung tissue. It is catalase-positive and rod-shaped, with a single polar flagellum.
Legionella waltersii is a Gram-negative catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a drinking water distribution system in Adelaide in Australia. L. waltersii is named after Reginald P. Walters. Legionella waltersii may can cause pneumonia.
Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella bacteria, quite often Legionella pneumophila. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. This often begins 2–10 days after exposure.
Mycoplasma salivarium is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. This genus of bacteria lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. Mycoplasma are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, can survive without oxygen and are typically about 0. 1 μm in diameter. Mycoplasma salivarium is found in the mouths of 97% of the healthy population, and is generally considered to be a commensal organism and part of the normal oral flora.
Legionella clemsonensis was isolated in 2006, but was described in 2016 by Clemson University researchers. It is a Gram-negative bacterium.
Legionella saoudiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which has been isolated from sewage water from Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.
Legionella thermalis is a bacterium from the genus Legionella which has been isolated from water from a hot spring in Tokyo on Japan.
