Politics of Macau is a framework of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system,dominated by the People's Republic of China. It includes the legislature,the judiciary,the government,and a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government,led by the Chief Executive.
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the supreme law of the People's Republic of China. It was adopted by the 5th National People's Congress on December 4,1982,with further revisions about every five years. It is the fourth constitution in PRC history,superseding the 1954 constitution,the 1975 constitution,and the 1978 constitution.
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC),the national legislature of China. It exercises the powers of the NPC when it is not in session.
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is a national law of China that serves as the organic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Comprising nine chapters,160 articles and three annexes,the Basic Law was composed to implement Annex I of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration.
Elections in Hong Kong take place when certain political offices in the government need to be filled. Hong Kong has a multi-party system,with numerous parties in the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong is nonpartisan but has to work with several parties to form a coalition government.
Maria Tam Wai-chu is a senior Hong Kong politician and lawyer. She is a member of the Committee for the Basic Law of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) since 1997 and the chairman of the Operations Review Committee of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) since 2015.
The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state,in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system is based on the principle of unified state power,in which the legislature,the National People's Congress (NPC),is constitutionally enshrined as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no separation of powers,there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership,which requires that all state organs,from the Supreme People's Court to the President of the People's Republic of China,are elected by,answerable to,and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law,all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in the NPC. The remaining seats are held by nominally independent delegates and eight minor political parties,which are non-oppositional and support the CCP. All government bodies and state-owned enterprises have internal CCP committees that lead the decision-making in these institutions.
The system of people's congress under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the form of government of the People's Republic of China (PRC),and is based on the principle of unified power,in which all state powers are vested in the National People's Congress (NPC). No separation of powers exists in the PRC. All state organs are elected by,answerable to and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law,all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP.
The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC),which is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC),the national legislature of China.
The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest organ of state power of the People's Republic of China. The NPC is the only branch of government in China,and per the principle of unified power,all state organs from the State Council to the Supreme People's Court (SPC) are subservient to it. With 2,977 members in 2023,it is the largest legislative body in the world. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring,usually lasting from 10 to 14 days,in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC) was formed in June 1985 for the drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) after 1997. It was formed as a working group under the National People's Congress. The Drafting Committee had 59 members,of whom 23 were from Hong Kong and 36 were from Mainland,mostly the PRC government officials. The Drafting Committee was dominated by Hong Kong businessmen with a share from different social sectors. The decisions of the Drafting Committee on the political structure and legal system of the HKSAR had a great impact on the politics of Hong Kong today.
The Ethnic Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress is one of ten special committees of the National People's Congress. The special committee was created during the first session of the 1st National People's Congress in September 1954,and has existed for every National People's Congress except the 4th National People's Congress,during which it was suspended due to the Cultural Revolution.
A special committee is a legislative committee in the National People's Congress (NPC),the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. Article 35 of the Organic Law of the National People's Congress specifies that the NPC shall create an Ethnic Affairs Committee,a Constitution and Law Committee,a Financial and Economic Affairs Committee,an Education,Science,Culture and Public Health Committee,a Foreign Affairs Committee,and an Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee,as well as any other special committees that it deems necessary. Over time,the NPC has added an Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee,an Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee,an Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee,and Social Development Affairs Committee,for a total of ten special committees.
The president of the People's Republic of China,commonly called the president of China,is the state representative of the People's Republic of China,which on its own is a ceremonial office and has no real power in China's political system. However,since 1993,the post has been held by the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission,who is China's de facto leader.
The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Issues Relating to the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by Universal Suffrage and on the Method for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the Year 2016,commonly known as the 31 August Decision,is a decision made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC),the national legislative body of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 31 August 2014 which set limits for the 2017 Chief Executive election and 2016 Legislative Council election in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).
The Decision of the National People's Congress on Establishing and Improving the Legal System and Enforcement Mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to Safeguard National Security,also known as the 5.28 Decision,is a decision adopted by the third session of the thirteenth National People's Congress on 28 May 2020,to authorise the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) to promulgate a national security law in Hong Kong.
The 2021 Hong Kong electoral changes were initiated by the National People's Congress (NPC) on 11 March 2021 to "amend electoral rules and improve the electoral system" of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) for its Chief Executive (CE) and the Legislative Council (LegCo),in order to ensure a system in which only "patriots",according to the Chinese definition,govern Hong Kong. The reforms have been widely criticized for their negative impact on the democratic representation in the Hong Kong legislature.
The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,or in short Minfadian is the first complete civil code in the People's Republic of China. Effective January 1,2021,the introduction of the civil code is the first time a unified civil law framework has been created to integrate most of the former substantial civil substantive laws in China.
The Council of Chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is a body which handles the daily affairs of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC),which is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC),the national legislature of China. It is composed of the chairman,the vice chairpersons,and the secretary-general of the NPCSC. It holds more frequent meetings than the NPCSC.
Ng Ka Ling v Director of Immigration was a joint appeal of three cases decided in 1999 by Hong Kong's Court of Final Appeal (CFA). Chief Justice Andrew Li,in the Court's unanimous opinion,held that mainland-born children of Hong Kong permanent residents enjoyed the right of abode,regardless of whether one of their parents have acquired Hong Kong permanent residency at the time of birth of the children.
