The consorts of Aquitaine were the spouses of the Aquitanian monarchs. They were mostly Duchess but other held the titles Lady or Queen.
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Ceased to be Queen | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gisela of Gascony? | Amand of Gascony | c. 610 | before 629 | 18 October 629 husband's accession | 8 April 632 husband's death | ca. 632 | Charibert II | |
| Fulberte? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
| Kingdom passed to Neustria and Burgundy in 632; dukes were appointed to Aquitaine | ||||||||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Ceased to be Queen | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingeltrude of Madrie | Theodobert, Count of Madrie | ca. 803 | c. 822 | ? | c. 838 | Pepin I | ||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilichild of Maine | Rorgon II, Count of Maine | ca. 812 | c. 845 | c. 852 husband's accession | c. 866 husband's death | after 866 | Ranulf I | |
| Interregnum 866–887 | ||||||||
| Ermengard or Ada? | ? | c. 882 | ? | ? | ? | c. 935 | Ranulf II | |
| Aremburga | ? | ca. 879 | 10 October 891 | c. 893 husband's desposition | c. 935 | Ebalus | ||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engelberga of Provence | Boso of Provence (Bosonids) | ? | before 898 | c. 893 husband's accession | c. 917 | William I | ||
| Gerletta Rolfsdottir | 891 | ? | ? | ? | 14 October 962 | William II | ||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emilienne | ? | ? | February 911 | c. 927 husband's accession | c. 932 titles transferred | Ebles Manzur | ||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garsinda | perhaps García II of Gascony (Gascony) | c. 900 | c. 932 husband's accession | c. 936 husband's desposition | c. 972 | Raymond I | ||
| Bertha of Arles | Boso, Margrave of Tuscany (Bosonids) | c. 912 | c. 936 | c. 936 husband's accession | c. 955 husband's desposition | 18. August 965 | Raymond II | |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerloc/Adèle of Normandy | Rollo of Normandy (Normandy) | ? | c. 935 | 935 as claimant duchess 962 husband's accession | 14 October 962 | William III | ||
| Emma of Blois | Theobald I of Blois (Blois) | c. 955 | c. 968 | 995 husband retired to monastery | 1 August 1004 | William IV | ||
| Adalemode of Limoges | ? | ? | c. 997 | c. 1006 | William V | |||
| Prisca of Gascony | William II, Duke of Gascony (Gascony) | ? | c. 1011 | c. 1016/1018 | ||||
 | Agnes of Burgundy | Otto-William, Count of Burgundy (Ivrea) | c. 995 | c. 1019 | 31 January 1030 husband's death | 10 November 1068 | ||
| Eustachie of Montreuil-Bellay | ?Berlay III? | ? | c. 1031 | c. 1038 | March 1038 | William VI | ||
| Ermesinde | ? | ? | c. 1041 | ? | ? | William VII | ||
| Garsende of Périgord | Aldabert II, Count of Périgord | ? | c. 1044 | Autumn 1058 husband's accession | November 1058 divorce | ? | William VIII | |
| Mathilde | perhaps Audebert of La Marche | ? | c. 1058/9 | May 1068 divorce | ? | |||
| Hildegarde of Burgundy | Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (Burgundy) | c. 1056 | c. 1068/9 | 25 September 1086 husband's death | 1104 | |||
 | Ermengarde of Anjou | Fulk IV, Count of Anjou (Anjou) | c. 1068 | c. 1089 | c. 1091 marriage dissolved | 1 June 1146 | William IX | |
| Philippa of Toulouse | William IV, Count of Toulouse (Rouergue) | c. 1073 | c. 1094 | c. 1116 retired to the Abbey of Fontevrault | 28 November 1118 | |||
| Aénor of Châtellerault | Aimery, Viscount I of Châttellerault (Châttellerault) | c. 1103 | c. 1121 | 10 February 1126 husband's accession | March 1130 | William X | ||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Berengaria of Navarre | Sancho VI of Navarre (Jiménez) | between 1165 and 1170 | 12 May 1191 | 6 April 1199 husband's death | 23 December 1230 | Richard I | |
 | Isabella of Angoulême | Aymer, Count of Angoulême (Taillefer) | c. 1187 | 24 August 1200 | 18 or 19 October 1216 husband's death | 31 May 1246 | John I | |
 | Eleanor of Provence | Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (Barcelona) | c. 1223 | 14 January 1236 | 16 November 1272 husband's death | 24 June 1291 | Henry II | |
 | Eleanor of Castile | Ferdinand III of Castile (Burgundy-Spain) | c. 1241 | 1 November 1254 | 16 November 1272 husband's accession | 28 November 1290 | Edward I | |
 | Marguerite of France | Philip III of France (Capet) | c. 1282 | 8 or 10 September 1299 | 7 July 1307 husband's death | 14 February 1317 | ||
 | Isabella of France | Philip IV of France (Capet) | between 1288 and 1296 | 25 January 1308 | 31 May 1325 son became duke or 20 January 1327 husband's deposition | 22 August 1358 | Edward II | |
 | Philippa of Hainault | William I, Count of Hainault (Avesnes) | 24 June 1311 | 24 January 1328 | c. 1337 became claimant French queen | 15 August 1369 | Edward III | |
The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged with the English claimed Crown of France, 1337–1360; so Philippa of Hainault, the Queen of Edward III was also the Duchess of Aquitaine
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Philippa of Hainault | William I, Count of Hainault (Avesnes) | 24 June 1311 | 24 January 1328 | 8 May 1360 Treaty of Brétigny | c. 1369 Treaty broken, war resumed | 15 August 1369 | Edward III |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Princess | Ceased to be Princess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Joan of Kent | Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (Plantagenet) | 29 September 1328 | 10 October 1361 | c. 1372 title merged into crown | 7 August 1385 | Prince Edward | |
The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged again with the English claimed Crown of France, 1369–1390; so Anne of Bohemia , first queen of Richard II was also the Duchess of Aquitaine.
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Constance of Castile | Peter of Castile (Burgundy-Spain) | c. 1354 | 21 September 1371 | c. 1390 created Duchess | 24 March 1394 | John II | |
 | Katherine de Roet | Payne de Roet | 25 November 1350 | 13 January 1396 | 3 February 1399 husband's death | 10 May 1403 | ||
The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged again with the English claimed Crown of France, 1413–1449; so the English queens: Joanna of Navarre , Catherine of Valois and Margaret of Anjou were also Duchesses of Aquitaine. After the loss of most of Aquitaine to the Valois, the French kings gain completed rights to title that they had taken back from Edward III in 1337.
The Duchy of Aquitaine was reclaimed by the Crown of France in 1337; but it wasn't until 1449 that the Valois kings were able to conquer it from the Plantaganets. The Kings of France granted the title of Duke of Guyenne to their heirs, the Dauphins. The title was used after the fall of the French monarchy by the member of the Bourbon family.
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Bonne of Bohemia | John of Bohemia (Luxembourg) | 20 May 1315 | 6 August 1332 | c. 1349 title created | 11 September 1349 | John II | |
 | Jeanne I of Auvergne | William XII, Count of Auvergne and Boulogne (Auvergne) | 8 May 1326 | 13 February 1349 | 22 August 1350 became Queen of France | 29 September 1360 | ||
 | Margaret of Burgundy | John the Fearless (Valois-Burgundy) | c. 1393 | c. 1403 | February 1442 her death | February 1442 | Louis, Dauphin of France | |
| Vacant | ||||||||
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princes and grand dukes. The title comes from French duc, itself from the Latin dux, 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military commander without an official rank, and later coming to mean the leading military commander of a province. In most countries, the word duchess is the female equivalent.
The Capetian house of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the family founded cadet branches in Orléans, Anjou, Burgundy, and Alençon.
Philip VI, called the Fortunate or the Catholic and of Valois was the first king of France from the House of Valois, reigning from 1328 until his death in 1350. Philip's reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute. When King Charles IV of France died in 1328, his nearest male relative was his nephew, King Edward III of England, but the French nobility preferred Charles's paternal cousin, Philip.
Charles IV, called the Fair in France and the Bald in Navarre, was last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, King of France and King of Navarre from 1322 to 1328. Charles was the third son of Philip IV; like his father, he was known as "the fair" or "the handsome".
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the House of Lancaster, it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture, but an inferior claim according to agnatic primogeniture. The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. It became extinct in the male line with the death of Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, in 1499.
The Duke of Aquitaine was the ruler of the medieval region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of Frankish, English, and later French kings.
The Duchy of Brittany was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547. Its territory covered the northwestern peninsula of Europe, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the English Channel to the north. It was also less definitively bordered by the river Loire to the south, and Normandy, and other French provinces, to the east. The Duchy was established after the expulsion of Viking armies from the region around 939. The Duchy, in the 10th and 11th centuries, was politically unstable, with the dukes holding only limited power outside their own personal lands. The Duchy had mixed relationships with the neighbouring Duchy of Normandy, sometimes allying itself with Normandy, and at other times, such as the Breton–Norman War, entering into open conflict.
The Duchy of Aquitaine was a historical fiefdom located in the western, central and southern areas of present-day France, south of the river Loire. Although the full extent of the duchy, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries and at times comprised much of what is now southwestern (Gascony) and central France.
The War of the Breton Succession was a conflict between the Counts of Blois and the Montforts of Brittany for control of the Sovereign Duchy of Brittany, then a fief of the Kingdom of France. It was fought between 1341 and 12 April 1365. It is also known as the War of the Two Jeannes due to the involvement of two rival duchesses of that name.
Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont, and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon. In 1416, with the death of John of Valois, the Dukes of Bourbon were simultaneously Dukes of Auvergne.
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the cadet branch of the French Capetian dynasty. The historical ties between the Duchy of Brittany and this English earldom were maintained ceremonially by the Breton dukes even after England ceased to recognize the Breton dukes as earls of England and those dukes rendered homage to the King of France, rather than the English crown. It was then held either by members of the English royal families of Plantagenet and Tudor, or English nobles closely associated with the English crown. It was eventually merged into the English crown during the reign of Henry VII of England and has been recreated as a Dukedom.
From the year 1340 to 1802, excluding two brief intervals in the 1360s and the 1420s, the kings and queens of England and Ireland also claimed the throne of France. The claim dates from Edward III, who claimed the French throne in 1340 as the sororal nephew of the last direct Capetian, Charles IV. Edward and his heirs fought the Hundred Years' War to enforce this claim, and were briefly successful in the 1420s under Henry V and Henry VI, but the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, was ultimately victorious and retained control of France, except for Calais and the Channel Islands. Following the Hundred Years War, English and British monarchs continued to call themselves kings of France, and used the French fleur-de-lis as their coat of arms, quartering the arms of England in positions of secondary honour. This continued until 1802, by which time France no longer had any monarch, having become a republic. The Jacobite claimants, however, did not explicitly relinquish the claim.
The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated in the French County of Anjou. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main line of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Houses of Lancaster and York, two of the Plantagenets cadet branches. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died.
The House of Capet ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians and the Karlings.
Joan of Valois was a Countess consort of Hainaut, Holland, and Zeeland, by marriage to William I, Count of Hainaut. She acted as regent of Hainaut and Holland several times during the absence of her spouse, and she also acted as a political mediator.
The House of Montfort-Brittany was a Breton-French noble family, which reigned in the Duchy of Brittany from 1365 to 1514. It was a cadet branch of the House of Dreux; it was thus ultimately part of the Capetian dynasty. It should not be confused with the older House of Montfort which ruled as Counts of Montfort.
Prince étranger was a high, though somewhat ambiguous, rank at the French royal court of the Ancien Régime.
The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy of Aquitaine and was triggered by a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England. The war grew into a broader military, economic, and political struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodisation of the war typically charts it as taking place over 116 years. However, it was an intermittent conflict which was frequently interrupted by external factors, such as the Black Death, and several years of truces.
Succession to the French throne covers the mechanism by which the French crown passed from the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom in 486 to the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870.