The macro region of Kresy denotes the Eastern historical provinces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 20th century during the Second Republic of Poland it was the term for its Eastern Borderlands. Following the "Fourth Partition of Poland", the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, in the wake of the Second World War, ratified the annexation of the Kresy territories by the Soviet Union. They were apportioned to Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine where they remain.
A number of notable or influential figures from Polish history were born in the former macro region (note: the following list does not include Poles born in the cities of Lwów (Lviv), and Wilno (Vilnius) - see List of Leopolitans, List of Vilnius-related people).
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
W
Z
|
Stanisław II August, known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, and as Stanisław August Poniatowski, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland-Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation.
Jan Kochanowski was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz and one of the most influential Slavic poets prior to the 19th century.
The House of Czartoryski is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian-Ruthenian origin, also known as the Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dynasty, by the mid-17th century had split into two branches, based in the Klevan Castle and the Korets Castle, respectively. They used the Czartoryski coat of arms and were a noble family of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century.
Tomasz Antoni Wawrzecki (1753–1816) was a distinguished Polish-Lithuanian politician and military commander. During Kościuszko Uprising, he succeeded Tadeusz Kościuszko as the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces.
The Załuski Library established in Warsaw in 1747 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops, was a public library nationalized and renamed upon its founders' death into the Załuski Library of the Republic which existed until the final demise of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
The Vilna offensive was a campaign of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. The Polish army launched an offensive on April 16, 1919, to take Vilnius from the Red Army. After three days of street fighting from April 19–21, the city was captured by Polish forces, causing the Red Army to retreat. During the offensive, the Poles also succeeded in securing the nearby cities of Lida, Pinsk, Navahrudak, and Baranovichi.
Count Stanisław Julian Ostroróg was an exiled Polish nobleman and Crimean War veteran. He later became known as an early professional portrait photographer who created photogravures, under the professional name of Walery, of many notable contemporaries, including Queen Alexandra of Denmark, Queen Victoria, Victor Hugo, and Sarah Bernhardt.
The House of Piłsudski is a family of nobility that originated in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and whose notability increased under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Second Polish Republic.
Knights of the Teutonic Order, also known as Knights of the Black Cross, is a 1960 Polish historical epic film adapted from a 1900 novel by Nobel laureate, Henryk Sienkiewicz. Directed by Aleksander Ford, it is one of the most successful movies in the cinema of Poland.
The Friends of the Constitution was the first modern Polish political party, formed in May 1791, shortly after the adoption of the Constitution of 3 May 1791, by the efforts of the Patriotic Party. The purpose of the Friends of the Constitution was to defend the reformed political system and to introduce further reforms.
Count Stanislas Marie Joseph Antoine Ostroróg was a French diplomat from a noble Polish family, serving in several Asian countries over the course of his career. His father Count Leon Walerian Ostroróg (1867–1932), a Polish émigré in the Ottoman Empire, was an advisor to the Ottoman Ministry of Justice during the Second Constitutional Period (1908–1918). His mother Jeanne-Marie Lorando (1870–1932), was the daughter of a notable Levantine family of Italian and French descent.
Leon Walerian Ostroróg, was an Islamic scholar, jurist, adviser to the Ottoman government and émigré in Istanbul. He was also a writer and translator.
Stanisław Horno-Popławski (1902-1997) was a Russian-Polish painter, sculptor and pedagogue.
Romuald Giedroyć was a Polish-Lithuanian prince from the Lithuanian princely Giedraičiai family, who fought in the Bar Confederation, War of 1792 and the Uprising of 1794 as part of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army. From mid-1812 to early 1813, Giedroyć was also the commander of the Lithuanian regiments raised during the French invasion of Russia. In early 1813, he was captured by the Russians and exiled to Arkhangelsk. In 1815, Alexander I of Russia amnestied Giedroyć and made him a Lieutenant general of the Army of Congress Poland.
Stanisław Lisowski was a Polish-Lithuanian librarian, bibliographer, and an expert in old prints and incunabula. He was archivist in the State Archive in Lublin, custodian of the University Library in Vilnius and the University Library in Toruń, and a member of the Polish delegation of the Special Mixed Commission for the revindication and restitution of Polish cultural property, acting on the basis of Article XI, clause 15 of the Treaty of Riga.