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Intelsat S.A. is a multinational satellite services provider with corporate headquarters in Luxembourg and administrative headquarters in Tysons, Virginia, United States. Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, from 1964 to 2001, it was an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international telecommunications and broadcast services.
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Eutelsat S.A. is a French satellite operator. Providing coverage over the entire European continent, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Americas, it is the world's third-largest satellite operator in terms of revenues.
Spacebus is a satellite bus produced at the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center in France by Thales Alenia Space. Spacebuses are typically used for geostationary communications satellites, and seventy-four have been launched since development started in the 1980s. Spacebus was originally produced by Aérospatiale and later passed to Alcatel Alenia Space. In 2006, it was sold to Thales Group as Thales Alenia Space.
International Launch Services, Inc. (ILS) is a joint venture with exclusive rights to the worldwide sale of commercial Angara and Proton rocket launch services. Proton launches take place at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan while Angara is launched from the Plesetsk and Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia.
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The Eurostar E3000 is a generic satellite model most commonly used for commercial and military communications satellites manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space. It is a member of Airbus Defence and Space's Eurostar family. It utilises a chemical, bi-propellant propulsion system for orbit raising and on-station manoeuvres with an optional plasma propulsion system (PPS). The PPS harnesses the Newtonian effect as a result of the ionisation of xenon gas employed by the use of Hall effect plasma thrusters. This system is most commonly used for north–south station-keeping. The E3000 was the first commercial satellite family to use lithium–ion batteries rather than the older nickel-based technologies for power supply during eclipses.
The Proton-M, (Протон-М) GRAU index 8K82M or 8K82KM, is an expendable Russian heavy-lift launch vehicle derived from the Soviet-developed Proton. It is built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81 and 200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Commercial launches are marketed by International Launch Services (ILS), and generally use Site 200/39. The first Proton-M launch occurred on 7 April 2001.
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The DirecTV satellite fleet is a group of communications satellites located at various geostationary orbits that DirecTV uses for their satellite television service and HughesNet internet service. The "DirecTV" prefix in their names has been changed to "T".
Nimiq-5 is a Canadian communications satellite, operated by Telesat Canada as part of its Nimiq fleet of satellites. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 72.7° West of the Greenwich Meridian. As of July 2015, EchoStar Corporation leases the satellite's entire capacity to provide high-definition television direct-to-home broadcasting for Dish Network Corporation. When accessed using a multi-satellite receiver such as the VIP722k and a multi-satellite dish/LNB combo, such as the Dish-300, Dish-500, or Dish-Turbo 1000.4, the satellite is referred to by the on-screen diagnostics as Echostar 72 W.
SES-1 is a geostationary communications satellite which is operated by SES World Skies, then by SES
The Mission Extension Vehicle (MEV) is a spacecraft that extends the functional lifetime of another spacecraft through on-orbit satellite servicing. They are 2010s-design small-scale in-space satellite-refueling spacecraft first launched in 2019. The MEV spacecraft grew out of a concept proposed in 2011 by ViviSat, a 50/50 joint venture of aerospace firms US Space and Alliant Techsystems (ATK). The joint venture was created in 2010 for the purpose of designing, producing and operating the MEV program.
Telkom-3 is an Indonesian communications satellite which failed to reach its target orbit due to a launch failure on 6 August 2012. It was built by ISS Reshetnev for Indonesian telecommunications provider PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia. It was based on the Ekspress-1000H bus and had 32 C band transponders and 16 Ku-band transponders. It was due to be located in geosynchronous orbit at 118° East above the equator. The satellite reentered the atmosphere and was destroyed on 5 February 2021.
Türksat 4B is a Turkish communications satellite, operated by Türksat.
AMC-9 is a commercial broadcast communications satellite owned by SES World Skies, part of SES S.A. Launched on 6 June 2003, from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on the 300th launch of a Proton family rocket, AMC-9 is a hybrid C-band / Ku-band satellite located at 83° West, covering Canada, United States, Mexico, and Caribbean. It is owned and operated by SES S.A., formerly SES Americom.
References
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- Wade, Mark. "Proton". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Intelsat 16 Satellite for Intelsat; First ILS Proton Launch of 2010" (Press release). ILS. February 12, 2010.
- ↑ "Third Proton Launch of 2010 Successful: Trio of GLONASS Satellites in Orbit" (Press release). Khrunichev. March 2, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XIV for DISH Network; 2nd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 4th Proton in 3 Months" (Press release). ILS. March 21, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-1 for SES 3rd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 5th Proton in 4 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. April 24, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Badr-5 for ARABSAT 4th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 6th Proton in 6 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. June 3, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XV for Echostar 5th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 7th Proton in 7 Months" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2010. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Proton Successfully Launches Three GLONASS Satellites" (Press release). Khrunichev. September 2, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches XM-5 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches LightSquared Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. November 14, 2010. Archived from the original on November 16, 2010.
- ↑ "Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December". Spaceflight Now. December 10, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches The KA-SAT Satellite for Eutelsat" (Press release). International Launch Services. December 27, 2010.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telstar 14R/ Estrela do Sul 2 for Telesat" (Press release). International Launch Services. May 21, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the SES-3 Satellite for SES/First ILS Proton Shared Launch with the KazSat-2 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services.
- ↑ "Concerning Express-AM4 SC Launch" (Press release). Khrunichev. August 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Express-AM4 Launch Failure Inter-Agency Commission Concludes Investigations" (Press release). Khrunichev. August 30, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES QUETZSAT-1 FOR SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. September 30, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches ViaSat-1 for ViaSat Heaviest Satellite Launched on ILS Proton" (Press release). International Launch Services. October 20, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the AsiaSat 7 Satellite for AsiaSat" (Press release). International Launch Services. November 26, 2011.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-4 for SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. February 15, 2012.
- ↑ "Intelsat's Global Broadband Maritime and Aeronautical Infrastructure Continues to Advance with ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 22" (Press release). International Launch Services. March 26, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Y1B Satellite for Yahsat" (Press release). International Launch Services. April 24, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telesat's Nimiq 6 Satellite" (Press release). International Launch Services. May 18, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-5 for SES" (Press release). International Launch Services. July 10, 2012.
- ↑ "Russian Federal Mission with TELKOM 3 and EXPRESS MD2 Satellites Anomaly" (Press release). International Launch Services. August 7, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 23" (Press release). International Launch Services. October 14, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Successfully Launches the EchoStar XVI Satellite" (Press release). ILS. November 21, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS Declares a Proton Launch Anomaly" (Press release). ILS. December 8, 2012.
- ↑ "ILS FROB Concludes the Yamal 402 Proton Launch Anomaly Investigation". International Launch Services. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter D. "Yamal 402"". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Satmex 8 Satellite for Satmex" (Press release). ILS. March 27, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Anik G1 for Telesat" (Press release). ILS. April 16, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Eutelsat 3D for Eutelsat" (Press release). ILS. May 15, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-6 for SES" (Press release). ILS. June 4, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches ASTRA 2E for SES" (Press release). ILS. September 30, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Sirius FM-6 Satellite for Sirius XM Radio" (Press release). ILS. October 26, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches Inmarsat-5 F1" (Press release). ILS. December 9, 2013.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches TURKSAT-4A for TURKSAT" (Press release). ILS. February 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Failure Review Oversight Board (FROB) Concludes Express AM4R Investigation; Return to Flight Mission Success on September 28". International Launch Services . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Ekspress-AM 6 (Eutelsat 53A)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Russia launches a twin for its largest comsat". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Yamal-401 Satellite Marking the 400th Proton Mission" (Press release). ILS. December 15, 2014.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the ASTRA 2G Satellite for SES" (Press release). ILS. December 28, 2014.
- ↑ "ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Inmarsat-5 F2 Satellite For Inmarsat; Second Global Xpress®Satellite Launch in 3-constellation Series" (Press release). ILS. February 1, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS DECLARES PROTON LAUNCH ANOMALY". International Launch Services . Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ spaceflightnow.com 2015-05-16 Proton crash deals another blow to Russian space sector
- ↑ "Faulty Engine Caused Proton-M Failure; Next Launch Announcement Soon".
- ↑ "РОСКОСМОС: НАЗВАНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ РН "ПРОТОН-М" (ROSCOSMOS: Named cause of the accident "Proton-M")" (in Russian). Roscosmos. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES INMARSAT-5 F3 SATELLITE" (Press release). ILS. August 29, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE TURKSAT-4B SATELLITE FOR TURKSAT" (Press release). ILS. October 17, 2015.
- ↑ "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE EUTELSAT 9B SATELLITE" (Press release). ILS. January 30, 2016.
- ↑ King, Bob (24 March 2016). "ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster". Universe Today. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (5 April 2016). "Roscosmos gives detailed rebuttal to reports of Proton ExoMars launch anomaly". Spacenews.com. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
- ↑ Blau, Patrick (June 9, 2016). "Proton suffers Second Stage Anomaly, Briz-M Stage lifts Intelsat 31 to target Orbit". Spaceflight101.com.