List of United States Army tactical truck models

Last updated

By 1915, the US Army was using trucks tactically. When the US joined World War I in April, 1917 it began purchasing trucks in larger numbers. Early trucks were often designed for both military and commercial use, later military-specific designs were built. Since 1940 the US military has ordered over 3,000,000 tactical trucks. The US Marines have used both US Army and their own specific models, some are shown.

Contents

The "ton" (907 kg) weight ratings are the payload of a basic cargo version of the truck, not of the individual version.

The "wheel arrangement" designation is the number of wheels x the number of driven wheels. There are two wheels per axle, dual tires are counted as one wheel. Some series have both single and dual tire models.

"Total built" usually includes for US forces and any export orders.

1915

Name and type [1] [2] Build yearsTotal builtNotes
Dodge M1918
12-ton 4x2
19181,012Light repair truck for vehicles
White
1+12-ton 4x2
1917–1919Wide range of bodies
Jeffery/Nash Quad [lower-alpha 1]
2-ton 4x4
1913–192811,500+Early models had 4-wheel steering
Liberty truck
3-ton 4x2
1917–19189,452built by 15 different manufacturers
FWD Model B [lower-alpha 2]
3-ton 4x4
1912–192016,000+Wide range of bodies
Ordnance standard
3-ton 4x4
1918150?

1930

Name and type [1] Build yearsTotal builtNotes
Ford / M.-H. [lower-alpha 3]
12-ton 4x4
1939Prototypes onlyLight repair truck
Dodge
1+12-ton 4x4
1939–1940Wide range of bodies
FWD
2-ton 4x4
1930100+Cargo and tank models
Indiana 16x4
2+12-ton 4x4
1934–1935Open and closed cabs

1940

In 1939–1941, the US Army Quartermaster Corps was developing a full, and largely standardized line of tactical trucks, that could all operate off-road, and in all weather. In 1941, trucks of 14-ton, 12-ton, 1+12-ton, and 3-ton load capacity, (4x4), and of 2+12-ton, 4-ton, and 7+12-tons, (6x6), were in production, and several other types had been added. These trucks were designated by chassis type, followed by their manufacturer and model. Early use of "M" numbers relate to the body and not the truck itself. During WW II, "M" numbers began to be used for new trucks as well. In 1945, all truck production halted.

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
Willys MB [lower-alpha 4]
14-ton 4x4 [3]
1941–1945639,000+Also built by Ford as GPW
First "jeep" in the current meaning of the word
Dodge WC
12-34 ton 4x4 [4]
1941–1945255,000+10+ bodies
Chevrolet G506
1+12-ton 4x4 [5]
1940–1945168,60315 bodies
GMC CCKW [lower-alpha 5]
2+12-ton 6x6 [6]
1941–1945562,75012+ bodies
"Deuce and a Half", "Jimmy".
GMC DUKW [lower-alpha 5]
2+12-ton 6x6 [7]
1942–194521,147Amphibious version of CCKW
"Duck"
Studebaker US6 [lower-alpha 6]
2+12-ton 6x6 [8]
1941–1945219,8828 bodies
Diamond T 968
4-ton 6x6
[9]
1940–194530,000Cargo, dump, wrecker
and specialty bodies
Autocar U8144T
5-6 ton 4x4
1941–19452,711Semi-tractor for pontoon bridges
Mack NJU
5-6 ton 4x4
1941–1942692Semi-tractor for pontoon bridges
Brockway B666 [lower-alpha 7]
6-ton 6x6 [10]
1941–1945219,882Bridge, crane, cargo fire, van
and others by 5 manufacturers
Mack NM
6-ton 6x6
1940–19448,400+Prime mover cargo truck
Mack NO
7+12-ton 6x6
1943–19452,050Prime mover cargo truck
M1 Wrecker
10-ton 6x6 [11]
1941–19455,765Standard heavy wrecker during WWII
Built by Ward LaFrance and Kenworth.
Diamond T 980
12-ton 6x4 [12]
1941–19456,554Tractor for M19 Tank Transporter
Pacific M26
12-ton 6x6 [13]
1943–19451,372Semi-tractor for M25 Tank Transporter
"Dragon Wagon"

1950

In 1950 the next generation of tactical trucks were being developed. Sizes were rationalized, with 14 and 34-ton 4x4s and 2+12, 5, and 10-ton 6x6s. Trucks were military standard designs, 6x6 trucks used common cabs and similar fender and hood styles. [14]

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
M422
14-ton 4x4
1959–19623,992USMC lightweight utility truck
"Mighty Mite"
M38A1 [15]
14-ton 4x4
1952–1971Light utility truck
"Jeep"
M274 [16]
12-ton 4x4
1959USMC Platform utility truck
"Mule"
M37 Series [17]
34-ton 4x4
1951–1968136,22010 bodies
"Power Wagon"
M35 Series [18]
2+12-ton 6x6
1950–1988173,700 [lower-alpha 8] 8+ bodies by 6 manufactures
M54 Series [19]
5-ton 6x6
1951–1965156,900 [lower-alpha 9] Cargo, dump, tractor, van, wrecker, and others.
M123/M125 [20]
10-ton 6x6
1955–19694,132semi-tractor for tank transporter
prime mover cargo truck

1960

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
M151 [21]
14-ton 4x4
1960–1988103,700 [lower-alpha 10] 14-ton utility jeep
M715 series
1+14-ton 4x4
1967–196930,553Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies
(Modified Jeep J-series truck)
M561
1+14-ton 6x6
196814,274Cargo and ambulance bodies
"Gamma Goat"
M656 Series
5-ton 8x8
1968–19693 bodies for Pershing Missile System

1970

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
M880 series [22]
1+14-ton 4x4
1975–197644,027Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies
(Modified Dodge W-series trucks)
M809 series [23]
5-ton 6x6
1970–198238,800Cargo, dump, tractor, van, wrecker, and others
M520
8-ton 4x4
1972 [lower-alpha 11] –19761300 [lower-alpha 12] Cargo, tank and wrecker bodies
Fully amphibious - "Goer"
M915 series [24]
14-ton [lower-alpha 13] 6x4 [lower-alpha 14]
1978–19829,505Tractor, dump, tank, mixer
AM General/CCC models
M911 C-MET [lower-alpha 15]
Heavy 8x6
1977Semi-tractor for tank transporter
(Modified Oshkosh F2365 truck)

1980

In the 1980s truck series began to be named from the initials of the truck type and are widely known by these names.

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
CUCV [25] [lower-alpha 16] M1008
1+14-ton 4x4
1983–198670,889Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies
(Modified Chevrolet K-series trucks)
HMMWV [lower-alpha 17] M998 [26]
1+12-ton 4x4
1983–presentUtility, ambulance, shelter-carrier
M939 Series [27]
5-ton 6x6
1982–198744,590 [lower-alpha 18] Cargo, dump, semi-tractor, van, wrecker, and others
HEMTT [lower-alpha 19] M977 [28]
10-ton 8x8
1982–present962Cargo, semi-tractor, tanker, wrecker

1990

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
LMTV [lower-alpha 20] M1078 [29]
2+12-ton 4x4
1991–presentCargo, van, and chassis for specialty bodies
MTV [lower-alpha 21] M1083 [30]
5-ton 6x6
2005–presentCargo, dump, semi-tractor, tanker, wrecker, and others
M915A2 series [31]
15-ton [lower-alpha 22] 6x4 [lower-alpha 23]
1990–presentTractor, dump
Freightliner models
HET [lower-alpha 24] M1070
Heavy 8x8
1993–present2,033Semi-tractor for tank transporter
Designed and built by Oshkosh

2000

Name and typeBuild yearsTotal builtNotes
7000MV [lower-alpha 25]
HD 6x6
2005–present9,500+For export
(modified International WorkStar)
MTVR [lower-alpha 26]
7-ton 6x6
1999Cargo, dump, wrecker
Used only by USMC
LVSR [lower-alpha 27]
Heavy 10x10
20091,500+Cargo, tractor, wrecker
Used only by USMC

See also

Notes

  1. Also built by Hudson, National, and Paige-Detroit
  2. Also built by Mitchel, Kissel, and Preimer.
  3. Modified with driven front axle by Marmon-Herrington.
  4. Also built as Ford GPW
  5. 1 2 Also built by Chevrolet
  6. Also built by REO.
  7. Also built by Corbitt (designer), FWD, Ward LaFrance, and White
  8. Includes all built by 10 manufacturers.
  9. Includes International Harvester, Diamond T, Kaiser Jeep, and Mack built.
  10. Includes Ford and Willys/Kaiser Jeep/AM General built.
  11. Pre-production models tested
    in Germany and Vietnam from 1962
  12. Does not include pre-production vehicles.
  13. Up to 20-ton.
  14. Also 6x6 and 8x6
  15. Commercial Heavy Equipment Transporter
  16. Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle
  17. High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
  18. Includes AM General and Bowen-McLaughlin-York built.
  19. Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck
  20. Light Medium Tactical Vehicle
  21. Medium Tactical Vehicle
  22. Also 18+12 and 20-ton
  23. Also 6x6
  24. Heavy Equipment Transporter
  25. Navistar F7400 SFA 6x6
  26. Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement
  27. Logistic Vehicle System Replacement

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck</span> US Army heavy tactical truck, in service since 1982

The Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) is an eight-wheel drive, diesel-powered, 10-short-ton (9,100 kg) tactical truck. The M977 HEMTT first entered service in 1982 with the United States Army as a replacement for the M520 Goer, and since that date has remained in production for the U.S. Army and other nations. By Q2 2021, around 35,800 HEMTTs in various configurations had been produced by Oshkosh Defense through new-build contracts and around 14,000 of these had been re-manufactured. Current variants have the A4 suffix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mack Trucks</span> American truck manufacturing company

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dodge M37</span> Military truck of the United States

The Dodge M37 was a 34-ton 4x4 truck developed for service in the United States military as a successor to the widely used Dodge-built WC Series introduced during World War II. Put into service in 1951, it served in a variety of configurations in frontline duty in the Korean War and War in Vietnam before being replaced by two commercial off the shelf (COTS) based 1+14-ton trucks: the Kaiser M715 and the Dodge M880/M890 series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles</span> Series of US military trucks since 1996

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">M939 series 5-ton 6×6 truck</span> 5-ton 6x6 trucks

The M939 is a 5-ton 6×6 U.S. military heavy truck. The basic cargo versions were designed to transport a 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) cargo load over all terrain in all weather. Designed in the late 1970s to replace the M39 and M809 series of trucks, it has been in service ever since. The M939 evolved into its own family of cargo trucks, dump trucks, semi-tractors, vans, wreckers, and bare chassis/cabs for specialty bodies. 44,590 in all were produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M35 series 2½-ton 6×6 cargo truck</span> US military truck

The M35 2½-ton cargo truck is a long-lived 2½-ton 6×6 cargo truck initially used by the United States Army and subsequently utilized by many nations around the world. Over time it evolved into a family of specialized vehicles. It inherited the nickname "Deuce and a Half" from an older 2½-ton truck, the World War II GMC CCKW.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle</span> Motor vehicle

The Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle, later the Light Service Support Vehicle (LSSV), is a vehicle program instituted to provide the United States military with light utility vehicles based on a civilian truck chassis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaiser Jeep M715</span> Motor vehicle

The 1+14-ton, 4×4, Kaiser Jeep M715, sometimes called the "Five quarter (ton)", for its 1+14 ton payload rating, is an American light military truck, based on the civilian Jeep Gladiator (SJ). Design and development for the M715 began in 1965, intended to replace the Dodge M37. In a departure from its purpose-built predecessor, the M715 was the first "M"-series U.S. tactical vehicle to use primarily commercial components; the first in a series of militarized commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) vehicle procurements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M39 series 5-ton 6×6 truck</span> 5-ton 6×6 truck

The M39 series 5-ton 6×6 truck (G744) was a family of heavy tactical trucks built for the United States Armed Forces. The basic cargo version was designed to transport a 5-ton (4,500 kg), 14 ft (4.3 m) long load over all terrain in all weather. In on-road service the load weight was doubled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GMC CCKW 2½-ton 6×6 truck</span> US WWII "deuce and a half" cargo truck

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet G506</span> American Army 1 1/2-ton 4x4 truck

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dodge WC series</span> American WWII light military trucks

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willys M38</span> Type of 1 4-short-ton (230 kg) 4x4 truck

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mack Trucks in military service</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">M809 series 5-ton 6×6 truck</span> 5-ton 6x6 trucks

The M809 Series 5-ton 6x6 truck (G908) was a family of heavy tactical trucks built for the United States Armed Forces. The basic cargo version was designed to transport a 5-ton (4,500 kg), 14 ft (4.3 m) long load over all terrain in all weather. In on-road service the load weight was doubled. Built by AM General, they evolved into the M939 Series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5-ton 6×6 truck</span>

The 5‑ton 6x6 truck, officially "Truck, 5-ton, 6x6", was a class of heavy-duty six-wheel drive trucks used by the US Armed Forces. The basic cargo version was designed to transport a 5-ton (4,500 kg) load over all roads and cross-country terrain in all weather. Through three evolutionary series there have been component improvements, but all trucks were mechanically very similar. They were the standard heavy-duty truck of the US military for 40 years, until replaced by the Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) beginning in 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2½-ton 6×6 truck</span> Class of military medium duty trucks

The 2+12-ton, 6×6 truck was a standard class of medium duty trucks, designed at the beginning of World War II for the US Armed Forces, in service for over half a century, from 1940 into the 1990s. Also frequently known as the deuce and a half, or just deuce, this nickname was popularized post WWII, most likely in the Vietnam War era. The basic cargo versions were designed to transport a cargo load of nominally 2+12 short tons over all terrain, in all weather. The 2+12-ton trucks were used ubiquitously in World War II, and continued to be the U.S. standard medium duty truck class after the war, including wide usage in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as well as the first Gulf War.

References

  1. 1 2 Crismon (2001)
  2. Handbook of Ordnance Data (PDF). US War Dept. 1919. Retrieved 18 Mar 2020.
  3. TM 9-803 1/4-ton 4x4 Truck (Willys-Overland Model MB and Ford Model GPW) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  4. TM 9-808 3/4-ton 4x4 Truck (Dodge) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  5. TM 9-805 1 1/2 ton 4x4 Truck (Chevrolet) (PDF). US War Dept. 1943. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  6. TM 9-801 2 1/2-ton 6×6 GMC CCKW (PDF). US War Dept. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  7. TM 9-802 2 1/2 ton Amphibian Truck, 6x6, GMC DUKW-353 (PDF). US War Dept. 1943. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  8. TM 9-807 2 1/2-ton 6x6 Truck and 2 1/2 to 5-ton 6x4 truck (PDF). US War Dept. 1943. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  9. TM 9-811 4-ton, 6x6 Trucks (Diamond T Models 968A (and others)) (PDF). US War Dept. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  10. TM 9-813 6-ton 6x6 Truck (White, Corbit, and Brockway) (PDF). US War Dept. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  11. TM 9-796 Heavy Wrecking Truck M1A1 (Kenworth Model 573, Ward LaFrance Series 5) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1953. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  12. TM 9-768 45-ton Tank Transporter Truck-trailer M19 (PDF). US Dept. Of the Army. 1944. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  13. TM 9-767 40 ton Tank Transporter Truck-trailer M25 (PDF). US War Dept. 1942. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  14. Ware (2014), pp. 66–67.
  15. TM 9-804A 1/4-ton 4x4 Utility Truck M38A1 (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1952. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019.
  16. TM 9-2320-213-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Platform Utility: 1/2-ton 4x4 M274 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1963. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  17. TM 9-2320-212-10 Operator's Manual Truck, Cargo, 3/4-ton 4x4 M37(Series) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1973. Retrieved 30 Aug 2015.
  18. TM 9-2320-209-10-1 Operation, Installation, and Reference Data Operator Level 2 1/2-ton, 6x6, M44A1 and M44A2 Series Trucks (Multifuel) (PDF).
  19. TM 9-2320-211-10 Operators Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6X6, M39 series (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1977. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  20. TM 9-2320-206-10 Operator's Manual Truck, Tractor: 10-ton, 6X6, M123 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. Of the Army. 1977. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  21. TM 9-2320-218-10 Operators Manual for Truck, Utility: 1/4 ton, 4x4, M151 (and others) (PDF). US Department of the Army. 1968.
  22. TM 9-2320-266-34 Direct and General Support Maintenance Manual Truck, Cargo: 1 1/4-ton 4x4 M880 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1976. Retrieved 16 Jun 2019.
  23. TM 9-2320-260-10 Operator's Manual Truck 5 ton, 6x6, M809 series (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2003. Retrieved 16 Jun 2019.
  24. TM 9-2320-283-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Tractor, Line Haul: 50,000 GVWR, 6x4, M915A1 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2006. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  25. TM 9-2320-289-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Cargo, Tactical, 1 1/4-ton, 4x4, M1008 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1992. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  26. TM 9-2320-280-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Utility: Cargo/Troop Carrier, 1 1/4-ton, 4x4, M998 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2004. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  27. TM 9-2320-272-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, 5-ton,6x6, M939 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2004. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  28. TM 9-2320-279-10-1 Operator's Manual M977 series8x8 Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Trucks (HEMTT) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 1998. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  29. TM 9-2320-365-10 Operator's Instruction Manual M1078 series 2 1/2-ton, 4x4, Light Medium Tactical Vehicles (LMTV) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2005. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  30. TM 9-2320-36-10 Operator's Instruction Manual M1083 Series 5-ton, 6x6, Medium Tactical Vehicles (LMTV) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2005. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.
  31. TM 9-2320-302-10 Operator's Manual for Truck, Tractor, Line Haul: 52,000 GVWR, 6x4, M915A3 (and others) (PDF). US Dept. of the Army. 2010. Retrieved 20 Jun 2019.

Further reading