List of amphibians of Vermont

The list of amphibians of Vermont includes amphibian species living in the US state of Vermont. The list does not include species found only in captivity. The Vermont state amphibian is the northern leopard frog. ^[1]

Salamanders (Urodela)

Newts (Pleurodelinae)

Family: Salamandridae

• Eastern (red-spotted) newt, Notophthalmus viridescens ^{[2] [3]}
  The eastern newt is fairly common ^[4] almost statewide, but requires large mosaics of interconnected hardwoods and wetlands. ^[5]

Advanced salamanders (Salamandroidea)

Family: Ambystomatidae

• Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale ^{[6] [7]}
  The blue-spotted salamander, which hybridizes with the Jefferson salamander, ^[8] is an uncommon species of special concern in Vermont. ^{[9] [10]}
• Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum ^{[11] [12]}
  The Jefferson salamander, which hybridizes with the blue-spotted salamander, ^[8] is a rare species of special concern in Vermont. ^[10]
• Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum ^{[13] [14]}
  The spotted salamander is a Species of Greatest Conservation Need as identified in the Vermont Wildlife Action Plan. ^[15]
• Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum ^{[16] [4]}
  The marbled salamander is considered unconfirmed in the state of Vermont. ^[4] There is a historic reference to one in Fair Haven, and a historic photo of one with Vermont written on the back of the photo, but with no details on date or location. Marbled salamanders have been found just across the Connecticut River from Vernon (in New Hampshire), and approximately 6 miles south of Vernon in Massachusetts, and may be found in Vermont at some point in the future. ^[16]

Aquatic salamanders

Family: Proteidae

• Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus ^{[17] [18]}
  The mudpuppy is a rare (imperiled) species at a high risk of extinction or extirpation in Vermont; it is a Species of Greatest Conservation Need as identified in the Vermont Wildlife Action Plan. ^{[19] [20]}

Lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae)

Family: Plethodontidae

• Eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus ^{[21] [22]}
  The eastern red-backed is found statewide, and is the most abundant salamander in Vermont. ^[23]
• Four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum ^{[24] [25]}
  The four-toed salamander is rare in Vermont. ^[26]
• Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus ^{[27] [28]}
• Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata ^{[29] [30]}
• Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus ^{[31] [32]}
  The spring salamander is uncommon (vulnerable) in the state of Vermont. ^[4]
• Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus ^{[33] [34]}
  The Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander has been reported in Vermont, but insufficient documentation exists to confirm its presence in the state. ^[4]

Frogs (Anura), including toads

Frogs

Family: Hylidae

• Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata ^{[35] [36] [37]}
  They were historically found in Grand Isle and Franklin counties in northwest Vermont, but have not been seen or heard since 1999. ^[35]
• Gray treefrog, Dryophytes versicolor ^{[38] [39]}

Family: Ranidae

• American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus. ^{[40] [41]} Rana catesbeiana ^[42]
• Green frog, Lithobates clamitans, ^{[43] [44]} Rana clamitans ^[45]
• Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis, ^{[46] [47]} Rana septentrionalis ^[48]
  Uncommon in Vermont, occurring mostly in the northeastern part of the state. ^[49]
• Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens, ^{[50] [51]} Rana pipiens ^[52]
  The northern leopard frog is the Vermont state amphibian. ^[1]
• Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris, ^{[53] [54]} Rana palustris ^[55]
  The pickerel frog is the only poisonous frog native to Vermont. ^{[56] [57]}
• Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer ^{[58] [59]}
  Spring peepers are very common in Vermont. ^[60]
• Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus ^{[61] [62]}
  Wood frogs are very common in Vermont and have been found in almost every town. ^[61]

Toads

Family: Bufonidae

• American toad, Anaxyrus americanus ^{[63] [64]}
• Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri ^{[65] [66]}
  Fowler's toad is very rare in Vermont, and has been found only in the southern Connecticut River Valley. ^[65]

See also

• List of birds of Vermont
• List of mammals of Vermont
• List of reptiles of Vermont
• List of regional amphibians lists
• List of prehistoric amphibians
• Amphibian classification
• List of amphibians
• AmphibiaWeb

Notes

1. "Vermont Laws - 1 V.S.A. § 511. State Amphibian". Vermont Statutes Online. April 21, 1998. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
2. "Eastern Newt - Notophthalmus viridescens". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
3. "Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 25, 2024. Archived from the original on July 6, 2024. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
4. "Reptiles and Amphibians of Vermont" (PDF). Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. March 13, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
5. "Eastern Newt". Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
6. "Blue-spotted Salamander - Ambystoma laterale". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
7. "Blue-spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. January 13, 2021. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
8. Conant & Collins 1991, Map 223.
9. "Blue-Spotted Salamander". Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
10. Rare 2022, pp. 2, 17.
11. "Jefferson Salamander – Ambystoma jeffersonianum". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
12. "Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. April 26, 2024. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
13. "Spotted Salamander - Ambystoma maculatum". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
14. "Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 4, 2024. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
15. SGCN 2015, pp. 16–22.
16. "Marbled Salamander - Ambystoma opacum". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. August 27, 2017. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
17. "Mudpuppy - Necturus maculosus". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
18. "Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. September 10, 2022. Archived from the original on July 7, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
19. SGCN 2015, pp. 30–38.
20. "Substantial Mudpuppy Mortality Observed During Lamoille River Sea Lamprey Treatment". Lake Champlain Committee (LCC). November 2, 2009. Archived from the original on July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
21. "Eastern Red-backed Salamander - Plethodon cinereus". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
22. "Eastern Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 24, 2024. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
23. "Eastern Red-Backed Salamander". Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
24. "Hemidactylium scutatum – Four-toed Salamander". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
25. "Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. May 14, 2024. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
26. "Slow Down for Frogs and Salamanders". Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
27. "Desmognathus fuscus – Northern Dusky Salamander". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
28. "Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus fuscus)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 22, 2024. Archived from the original on July 3, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
29. "Eurycea bislineata – Northern Two-lined Salamander". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 22, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
30. "Northern Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 15, 2024. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
31. "Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – Spring Salamander". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
32. "Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. May 6, 2024. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
33. "Desmognathus ochrophaeus (Cope, 1859) Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on November 30, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
34. "Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander - Desmognathus ochrophaeus". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. January 1, 1962. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
35. "Pseudacris maculata – Boreal Chorus Frog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
36. "Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata)". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. January 1, 1999. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
37. Conant & Collins 1991, pp. 327–328, Map 302.
38. "Hyla versicolor – Gray Treefrog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
39. "Gray Treefrog Dryophytes versicolor". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 23, 2024. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
40. "Lithobates catesbeianus – American Bullfrog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
41. "American Bull Frog Lithobates catesbeianus". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 14, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
42. "AmphibiaWeb - Rana catesbeiana (Shaw, 1802) American Bullfrog, Bullfrog". AmphibiaWeb. April 9, 2023. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
43. "Green Frog - Lithobates clamitans". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
44. "Green Frog Lithobates clamitans". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 23, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
45. "AmphibiaWeb - Rana clamitans (Latreille, 1801) Bronze Frog, Cow Frog, Brown Frog". AmphibiaWeb. May 21, 2022. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
46. "Mink Frog - Lithobates septentrionalis". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
47. "Mink Frog Lithobates septentrionalis". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 23, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
48. "Rana septentrionalis (Baird, 1854) Mink Frog". AmphibiaWeb. February 21, 2001. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
49. "Lithobates septentrionalis – Mink Frog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
50. "Lithobates pipiens – Northern Leopard Frog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
51. "Northern Leopard Frog Lithobates pipiens". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 21, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
52. "Rana pipiens (Schreber, 1782) Northern Leopard Frog". AmphibiaWeb. June 9, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
53. "Lithobates palustris – Pickerel Frog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
54. "Pickerel Frog Lithobates palustris". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 22, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
55. "Rana palustris (LeConte, 1825) Pickerel Frog". AmphibiaWeb. October 23, 2023. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
56. "Lithobates palustrisPickerel Frog". Animal Diversity Web. 2019. Archived from the original on July 8, 2024. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
57. "Frogs Across North America: A Species Exploration". Nature Roamer. November 27, 2023. Archived from the original on July 8, 2024. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
58. "Pseudacris crucifer – Spring Peeper". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
59. "Spring Peeper - Pseudacris crucifer". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 23, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
60. "Spring Peeper". Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
61. "Lithobates sylvaticus – Wood Frog". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
62. "Wood Frog - Lithobates sylvaticus". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. May 14, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
63. "Anaxyrus americanus – American Toad". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
64. "American Toad - Anaxyrus americanus". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. June 24, 2024. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
65. "Anaxyrus fowleri – Fowler's Toad". Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas. Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
66. "Fowler's Toad - Anaxyrus fowleri". Vermont Center for Ecostudies. January 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 6, 2024. Retrieved July 5, 2024.

References

• Conant, Roger; Collins, Josepth T. (1991) [1958]. Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. Peterson Field Guides. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN   0-395-58389-6. Alt URL
• Tyning, Thomas F. (1990). A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Stokes Nature Guides. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN   978-0-316-81713-4. Alt URL
• "Amphibian & Reptile SGCN Conservation Reports Wildlife Action Plan 2015" (PDF). vtfishandwildlife.com. Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. August 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
• "Rare and Uncommon Animals of Vermont 2022" (PDF). vtfishandwildlife.com. Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. December 27, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 7, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.

External links

• "Amphibians | Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department". vtfishandwildlife.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
• "The Vermont Reptile and Amphibian Atlas". vtherpatlas.org. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
• "AmphibiaWeb". amphibiaweb.web. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
• "The Vermont Atlas of Life". vtecostudies.org. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
• "Calls of Frogs and Toads of the Northeast". musicofnature.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
• "Frogs and Toads of Vermont". gonefroggin.com. September 26, 2016. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
• "Living Amphibians - Frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians". tolweb.org. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2024.