List of amphibians of Texas

Last updated

Topographic map of Texas Relief map of Texas.png
Topographic map of Texas

Seventy-two amphibian species are found in the American state of Texas, including forty-four species of frog and twenty-eight species of salamander. Four species are categorized as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: the Barton Springs salamander, the Texas blind salamander, the black-spotted newt, and the Houston toad. Furthermore, Texas law protects several native amphibians, designating eleven species as threatened within the state and four others as endangered. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

The varied geography of Texas, the second-largest state, hosts a variety of habitats for amphibians, including swamps and the Piney Woods in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the central Hill Country of the Edwards Plateau, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west (the Trans-Pecos), and grassland prairie in the north, also known as the Panhandle. This vast contrast in biomes makes Texas home to a wide variety of herpetofauna. [4] [5] [6] The state's many rivers, including the Rio Grande, the Colorado River, and the Trinity River, also provide diverse aquatic habitats. [7] [8] Its central position in the United States means that species found primarily in either the western or eastern reaches of the country often have their ranges meeting in the state. Additionally, its proximity to Mexico is such that many species found there and into Central America also range as far north as Texas. [4] Moreover, the karst topography of central Texas has created spring and cave ecosystems inhabited by several endemic species, [9] such as the cave-dwelling Texas blind salamander. [10]

List of species

Protected status under Texas law [2] [3]
†Threatened
‡Endangered

Order Anura

Family Bufonidae

Bufonidae is a family of toads, often called the "true toads". Although a widely varied family, Bufonidae includes the stereotypical toad: dry warty skin and shortened forelimbs and hindlimbs. Bufonids also carry potent skin toxins, sometimes concentrated in the parotoid gland. [11]

Bufonidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatus [a] Image
Anaxyrus americanus American toad Occurs in northeast Texas [12]  LC  [13] Bufo americanus PJC1.jpg
Anaxyrus cognatus Great Plains toad Found in playa wetlands in the Great Plains area of the state [14]  LC  [15] Bufo cognatus1.jpg
Anaxyrus debilis Green toad Found in eastern Texas [16]  LC  [17] Bufo debilis insidior1.jpg
Anaxyrus houstonensis Houston toad Found in the southeast counties of Austin, Bastrop, Burleson, Colorado, Lee, Leon, Lavaca, Milam, and Robertson [18]  EN  [19] ‡ Houston toad.jpg
Anaxyrus punctatus Red-spotted toad Found in central and western Texas [20]  LC  [21] Bufo.punctatus.web.jpg
Anaxyrus speciosus Texas toad Common throughout western two-thirds of Texas, population declining in the Rio Grande Valley [22]  LC  [23] Bufo speciosus.jpg
Anaxyrus woodhousii Woodhouse's toad Found in central, west and north Texas [24]  LC  [25] Bufo woodhousii.jpg
Incilius nebulifer Coastal plains toad Found along coastal plains, formerly considered the same species as Incilius valliceps [26]  LC  [27] Bufo nebulifer.jpg
Rhinella marina Cane toad Native to extreme southern Texas, invasive species in other parts of the United States [28]  LC  [29] Canetoadmale.jpg

Family Hylidae

Hylidae is a family of frogs which are commonly found in the New World. They may be better known as tree frogs. [30]

Hylidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Acris blanchardi Blanchard's cricket frog Found throughout Texas, except far West Texas and the Panhandle [31]  NE  Acris crepitans blanchardi.jpg
Acris crepitans Northern cricket frog Found as far west as western Texas [32]  LC  [33] Acris crepitansPCCA20061001-8206B1.jpg
Dryophytes arenicolor Canyon tree frog Isolated populations in arid environments and streambanks in Texas [34]  LC  [35] Canyon Treefrog (5205515626).jpg
Dryophytes chrysoscelis Cope's gray tree frog Documented in east-central Texas [36]  LC  [37] Hyla chrysoscelis UMFS 2016 1.jpg
Dryophytes cinereus Green tree frog Occurs throughout eastern Texas and as far south as the Rio Grande Valley [38]  LC  [39] Green treefrog.jpg
Hyla squirella Squirrel tree frog Found in eastern Texas [40]  LC  [41] Hyla squirella2.jpg
Dryophytes versicolor Gray tree frog Found in the eastern-central portion of the state, excluding the most eastern fifth [42]  LC  [43] Gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor).jpg
Pseudacris clarkii Spotted chorus frog Found in central Texas [44]  LC  [45]
Pseudacris crucifer Spring peeper Found in eastern Texas [46]  LC  [47] H crucifer USGS.jpg
Pseudacris fouquettei Cajun chorus frog Found throughout eastern Texas [48]  LC  [49] Cajun Chorus Frog (Pseudacris fouquettei).jpg
Pseudacris streckeri Strecker's chorus frog Found throughout eastern Texas [50] [51]  LC  [51] Pseudacris streckeri streckeri.jpg
Smilisca baudinii Mexican tree frog Southern extreme of Texas [52]  LC  [53] † Smilisca baudinii01.jpg

Family Leptodactylidae

Leptodactylidae is a family of frogs found only in the New World. Texas encompasses part of their northern-most distribution. Medium to large frogs, they have robust hindlimbs that make them strong jumpers. [54] [55]

Leptodactylidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Craugastor augusti Eastern barking frog Found in western and central Texas and along the Balcones Fault; isolated populations exist in the Trans-Pecos region [56]  LC  [57] Craugastor augusti WLF-430-7A, Municipio Gomez Farias; 9 Aug 2004.jpg
Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides Rio Grande chirping frog Native to extreme southern Texas along the lower Rio Grande Valley in Cameron and Hildago counties [58]  LC  [59] Rio Grande Chirping Frog (Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides), Liberty Co., TX, USA (30.3193degN, 94.8190degW, 21 m.) 13 April 2007.jpg
Eleutherodactylus guttilatus Spotted chirping frog Found in the Big Bend region [60]  LC  [61] Eleutherodactylus guttilatus.jpg
Eleutherodactylus marnockii Cliff chirping frog Common in rocky areas of central Texas [62]  LC  [63] Eleutherodactylus marnockii.jpg
Eleutherodactylus planirostris Greenhouse frog Introduced species found on Galveston Island [64]  LC  [65] Eleutherodactylus planirostris01.jpg
Leptodactylus fragilis Mexican white-lipped frog Documented in the extreme southern portion of the lower Rio Grande Valley [66]  LC  [67] † Leptodactylus fragilis01.jpg

Family Microhylidae

Microhylidae is a family of frogs. They can often be identified by their tear-dropped shape, hence the common name "narrow-mouthed frogs". [68]

Microhylidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Gastrophryne carolinensis Eastern narrowmouth frog As far west as central Texas [69]  LC  [70] Gastrophryne carolinensis.jpg
Gastrophryne olivacea Great Plains narrowmouth frog Found throughout Texas except for northern Panhandle and western extremes [71]  LC  [72] Gastrophryne olivacea02.jpg
Hypopachus variolosus Mexican narrow-mouthed frog Found in 15 counties in southern Texas [73]  LC  [74] † Hypopachus variolosus.jpg

Family Ranidae

Ranidae, true frogs, are the largest family of frogs. Members of this family, called Ranids, typically have robust hindlimbs, toe webbing, and an aquatic tadpole stage. [75]

Ranidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Lithobates areolatus Crawfish frog Once found throughout eastern Texas, now limited to two populations near coast [76]  NT  [77] † Rana areolata.jpg
Lithobates berlandieri Rio Grande leopard frog Occur in central and western areas of the state [78]  LC  [79] Rana berlandieri.jpg
Lithobates blairi Plains leopard frog Distribution includes northern Texas [80]  LC  [81] Plains Leopard Frog (Lithobates blairi).jpg
Lithobates catesbeianus Bullfrog Occurs throughout most of Texas [82]  LC  [83] North-American-bullfrog1.jpg
Lithobates clamitans Green frog Throughout eastern Texas [84]  LC  [84] Large bronze frog top view.JPG
Lithobates grylio Pig frog Galveston Bay and Gulf Coastal Plain to the east [85]  LC  [86] Rana grylio.jpg
Lithobates palustris Pickerel frog Found throughout eastern Texas [87]  LC  [88] Pickerel Frog.jpg
Lithobates sphenocephala Southern leopard frog Common in the eastern third of Texas [89]  LC  [90] Southern Leopard Frog, Missouri Ozarks.JPG

Family Rhinophrynidae

Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing only one extant genus, the monotypic Rhinophrynus . [91] Rhinophrynus is a burrowing ant and termite eater, hence the common name "burrowing frog". [92] [93]

Rhinophrynidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Rhinophrynus dorsalis Mexican burrowing toad Documented in the counties of Starr and Zapata in extreme southwestern Texas [92]  LC  [94] † Mexican burrowing toad - Flickr - GregTheBusker (3).jpg

Family Scaphiopodidae

Scaphiopodidae are a family of frogs. Commonly called spadefoot frogs, they are often inconspicuously coloured. Members of this family are predominantly fossorial, living underground until rain arrives. To aid in digging, they have keratinized protrusions on their feet. [95]

Scaphiopodidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Scaphiopus couchii Couch's spadefoot toad Central Texas [96]  LC  [97] Scaphiopus couchii ANRA.jpg
Scaphiopus hurterii Hurter's spadefoot toad Inhabits freshwater areas of Texan forest, shrubland, grassland, and wetlands [98]  LC  [98] Scaphiopus hurterii.jpg
Spea bombifrons Plains spadefoot toad Found in the arid plains of northwest Texas; isolated populations also exist in south Texas [99]  LC  [100] Spea bombifrons.jpg
Spea multiplicata New Mexico spadefoot toad Found in central Texas [101]  LC  [102] Nmspadefoot.jpg

Order Urodela

Family Amphiumidae

Amphiumidae are a family of salamanders. Members of the family are known as amphiumas. [103] These large salamanders are often mistaken for eels, hence the colloquial name "conger eels". [104] [105] Completely aquatic, these long salamanders can survive droughts by forming a mucous cocoon underground. They can live without food for up to three years and may live for almost 30 years. [106]

Amphiumidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Amphiuma tridactylum Three-toed amphiuma Native to the eastern area of the state [107]  LC  [108] Amphiuma tridactylum.jpg

Family Salamandridae

Salamandridae are a family of salamanders. Most members, called salamandrids, produce a potent toxin in their skin. Salamandrids typically have patterns of bright and contrasting colors, usually to warn potential predators of their toxicity. They have four well-developed limbs. [109] [110]

Salamandridae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Notophthalmus meridionalis Black-spotted newt Found in southern Texas [111]  EN  [112] † Black-spotted Newt (Notophthalmus meridionalis), Santa Ana NWR, Hidalgo Co, TX, USA, (26.0821degN, 98.1354degW), 14 April 2016.jpg
Notophthalmus viridescens Eastern newt Native to eastern Texas [113]  LC  [114] Notophthalmus viridescens adult male 2.jpg

Family Ambystomatidae

Ambystomatidae is a family of mostly terrestrial salamanders. Commonly called "mole salamanders", most members of this family live in rodent burrows, only emerging on rainy nights to mate and feed. These relatively large salamanders also typically have mass migrations to mating ponds. [115]

Ambystomatidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Ambystoma maculatum Spotted salamander Found near stagnant water in hardwood and mixed forests [116]  LC  [117] Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), front (6202625800).png
Ambystoma mavortium Barred tiger salamander Distributed throughout Texas except eastern quarter [118]  LC  [119] Ambystoma mavortium1.jpg
Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamander Found throughout East Texas, from Red River south to the Gulf of Mexico [120]  LC  [121] Marbled salamander (14367751333).jpg
Ambystoma talpoideum Mole salamander Found in the Gulf Coastal Plain of east Texas [122]  LC  [123] Ambystoma talpoideum at UMFS 2.JPG
Ambystoma texanum Smallmouth salamander Eastern Texas [124]  LC  [125] Smallmouth Salamander (Ambystoma texanum) (13667003274).jpg
Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern tiger salamander Distributed throughout Texas except eastern quarter [118]  LC  [126] Salamandra Tigre.png

Family Plethodontidae

Plethodontidae are a family of salamanders found mostly in the Western Hemisphere; however, some species are found in Southern Europe and South Korea. They are the largest group of salamanders. [127] Several species of salamanders are endemic to specific cave systems in Texas. Due to their small habitat and specified role, many are threatened or endangered. [128] [129] In 2019, researchers associated with the University of Texas Austin and Texas Parks and Wildlife announced the discovery of an additional three species of spring and cave dwelling salamanders in the Eurycea genus that are yet to be named. [130] [131]

Plethodontidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Desmognathus auriculatus Southern dusky salamander As far east as the Trinity River Basin [132]  LC  [133] Southern Dusky Salamander (D. auriculatus).jpg
Eurycea latitans Cascade Caverns salamander Endemic to the Cascade Caverns of central Texas and other cave systems in close proximity [134]  VU  [135] †
Eurycea nana San Marcos salamander Found only in the San Marcos River in Hays County [136]  VU  [137] † San Marcos salamander.jpg
Eurycea naufragia Georgetown salamander Endemic to area northeast of the Colorado River in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas [138]  EN  [139] † Georgetown salamander.jpg
Eurycea neotenes Texas salamander Spring and cave systems in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas [140]  VU  [141] †
Eurycea quadridigitata Dwarf salamander Found in eastern Texas [142]  LC  [143] Dwarf salamander.jpg
Eurycea rathbuni Texas blind salamander Only lives in water-filled caves in the Edwards Plateau in Hays County [10]  VU  [144] ‡ Texas blind salamander.jpg
Eurycea robusta Blanco blind salamander Unknown, single specimen found in subterranean system under Blanco River in Hays County [145]  DD  [146] †
Eurycea chisholmensis Salado Springs salamander Endemic to area northeast of the Colorado River in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas [147]  VU  [148]
Eurycea sosorum Barton Springs salamander Found only at outlets of Barton Springs in Zilker Park, Austin [149]  VU  [150] ‡ Eurycea sosorum FWS 20405.jpg
Eurycea tonkawae Jollyville Plateau salamander Endemic to the Buttercup Cave system near Austin [151]  EN  [152] † Eurycea tonkawae IMG 3631.jpg
Eurycea tridentifera Comal blind salamander Endemic to Honey Creek Cave in Comal County and other caves in Cibolo Sinkhole Plain [153]  VU  [154] †
Eurycea troglodytes Valdina Farms salamander Endemic to springs and cave systems in the counties of Bandera, Edwards, western Kerr, Medina, Real, and Uvalde [155]  DD  [156]
Eurycea waterlooensis Austin blind salamander Known only from outflows of Barton Springs in Austin [157]  VU  [158] ‡
Eurycea pterophila Fern bank salamander This species inhabits springs within the watershed of the Blanco River [131]  DD  [159]
Plethodon albagula Western slimy salamander Disjunct, and genetically divergent, populations in central, southeastern, and northeastern Texas [160] [161]  LC  [162] Plethodon albagula, St. Louis County, Missouri.jpg
Plethodon serratus Southern red-backed salamander Although there are several populations throughout the southeast US, this species is only known in Texas from a single specimen collect in Nacogdoches County in 1940 [163]  LC  [164] Southern Red-Back Salamander (Plethodon serratus) (38293928836).jpg

Family Sirenidae

Sirenidae are a family of aquatic salamanders only found in northern Mexico and the Southeastern United States. [165] Family members, called sirens, have very small forelimbs and lack hind limbs altogether. [165] Sirens are generally regarded as the most primitive extant salamanders. [166]

Sirenidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Siren intermedia nettingi [b] Western lesser siren Found in east and southeast Texas, as well as in the Rio Grande Valley [167]  LC  [168] Western Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia nettingi) (15809078292).jpg
Siren intermedia texana [b] [c] Rio Grande lesser siren Occurs in south Texas [169]  NE  †

Family Proteidae

Proteidae are a family of aquatic salamanders only found in North America and Europe. Some members are called mudpuppies, waterdogs, or olms. They are paedomorphic and exhibit laterally compressed tail fins and the red, filamentous external gills. [170] Only one species of Proteidae is found in Texas.

Proteidae
SpeciesCommon nameDistributionStatusImage
Necturus beyeri Gulf Coast waterdog Found in the Sabine River System [171]  LC  [172] Necturus beyeri.jpg

See also

Notes and references

Notes

^  a:  Conservation status at a world level of the species according to the IUCN Red List: Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

 EX  – Extinct
 EW  – Extinct in the wild
 CR  – Critically endangered
 EN  – Endangered
 VU  – Vulnerable
 NT  – Near threatened
 LC  – Least concern
 DD  – Data deficient
 NE  – Not evaluated

^  b: Both are subspecies of Siren intermedia , the lesser siren. [173]
^  c: The status of Siren intermedia texana as a distinct subspecies is contested. Some researchers have claimed that it is indistinguishable from Siren intermedia nettingi. [173]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascade Caverns salamander</span> Species of amphibian

The Cascade Caverns salamander, or Cascade Caverns neotenic salamander, is a species of aquatic salamander endemic to Cascade Caverns in Kendall County, Texas. Like other species of cave salamanders, they are almost entirely subterranean, living in spring waters deep in limestone rock strata, so gauging the exact extent of their geographic range or even their population numbers is virtually impossible. This also leads to reduced sampling for study, which has led to some uncertainty in the taxonomic classification; some sources consider all species of Texas cave salamanders to be subspecies of the Texas salamander. Eurycea neotenes and Eurycea rathbuni also live in caves and eat small insects and spiders.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Many-ribbed salamander</span> Species of amphibian

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<i>Pseudotriton</i> Genus of amphibians

Pseudotriton is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to eastern and southern United States, from New York south to Florida and west to southern Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and eastern Louisiana. They are commonly known as red salamanders or mud salamanders.

References

  1. ↑ "Federal and State Listed Amphibians and Reptiles in Texas". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department . Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  2. 1 2 "31 TAC §65.175: State‐Listed Threatened Species in Texas" (PDF). Government of Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  3. 1 2 "31 TAC §65.176: Endangered Species" (PDF). Government of Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Texas Ecoregions". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department . Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Native Habitats & Ecosystems". National Audubon Society . 17 December 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Ecoregion Download Files by State – Region 6". Environmental Protection Agency . 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Texas River Guide". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department . Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Texas". National Wild and Scenic Rivers System . Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Overview of Texas Caves & Karst". Texas Speleological Survey. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  10. 1 2 "Texas Blind Salamander (Eurycea rathbuni)". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department . Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  12. ↑ "Anaxyrus americanus". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  13. ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Anaxyrus americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T54570A56843565. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T54570A56843565.en .
  14. ↑ "Anaxyrus cognatus". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  15. ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Anaxyrus cognatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T54612A53949260. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T54612A53949260.en .
  16. ↑ "Anaxyrus debilis". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  17. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2004). "Anaxyrus debilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T54626A11177308. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54626A11177308.en .
  18. ↑ "Houston Toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis)". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department . Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  19. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Shepard, D. (2004). "Anaxyrus houstonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T3170A9651352. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T3170A9651352.en .
  20. ↑ "Anaxyrus punctatus". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  21. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2010). "Anaxyrus punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T54739A11197415. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54739A11197415.en .
  22. ↑ "Anaxyrus speciosus". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  23. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2004). "Anaxyrus speciosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T54761A11186095. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54761A11186095.en .
  24. ↑ "Woodhouse's Toad". Herps of Texas. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  25. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2004). "Anaxyrus woodhousii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T54798A11195037. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54798A11195037.en .
  26. ↑ "Incilius valliceps". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  27. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Canseco-Márquez, Luis (2004). "Incilius nebulifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T54714A11190630. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54714A11190630.en .
  28. ↑ "Rhinella marina". United States Geological Survey . Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  29. ↑ Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Hammerson, G.; Hedges, B.; Diesmos, A.; Matsui, M.; Hero, J.; Richards, S.; Coloma, L.; Ron, S.; La Marca, E.; Hardy, J.; Powell, R.; Bolaños, F.; Chaves, G.; Ponce, P. (2009). "Rhinella marina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2009: e.T41065A10382424. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T41065A10382424.en .
  30. ↑ "Hylidae". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Northern Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans". US Geological Survey. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  32. ↑ "Acris crepitans". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  33. ↑ Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G.; Church, D. (2004). "Acris crepitans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T55286A11272584. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55286A11272584.en .
  34. ↑ "Hyla arenicolor". AmphibiaWeb . University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  35. ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2022). "Dryophytes arenicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T55396A53952785. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T55396A53952785.en . Retrieved 3 July 2024.
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