Demographics of Texas

Last updated

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2023, Texas was the second largest state in population after California, with a population of 30,503,301, an increase of more than 1.3 million people, or 4.7%, since the 29,145,505 of the 2020 census. [1] [2] Its apportioned population in 2020 was 29,183,290. [3] Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state of Texas has experienced strong population growth. [4] [5] Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas, along with many towns and rural areas. Much of the population is concentrated in the major cities of Dallas–Fort Worth, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, McAllen, and El Paso and their corresponding metropolitan areas. The first four aforementioned main urban centers are also referred to as the Texas Triangle megaregion.

Contents

Population

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1850 212,592
1860 604,215184.2%
1870 818,57935.5%
1880 1,591,74994.5%
1890 2,235,52740.4%
1900 3,048,71036.4%
1910 3,896,54227.8%
1920 4,663,22819.7%
1930 5,824,71524.9%
1940 6,414,82410.1%
1950 7,711,19420.2%
1960 9,579,67724.2%
1970 11,196,73016.9%
1980 14,229,19127.1%
1990 16,986,51019.4%
2000 20,851,82022.8%
2010 25,145,56120.6%
2020 29,145,50515.9%
2023 (est.)30,503,3014.7%
1910–2020 census; 2023. [6] [2]

Texas is the second-largest U.S. state in population, after California. [7] The state is also the most populous state in the South Central United States, and the most populous state in the South. [8] Texas' population growth between 2000 and 2010 represents the highest population increase, by number of people, for any U.S. state during this time period.

At the 2020 United States census it was reported that Texas had a resident population of 29,145,505, [1] a 15.9% increase since the 2010 U.S. census. Its apportioned population in 2020 was 29,183,290. [3] At the 2010 census, Texas had a population of 25.1 million—an increase of 4.3 million since the year 2000, involving an increase in population in all three subcategories of population growth: natural increase (births minus deaths), net immigration, and net migration. Texas added almost 4 million people between the 2010 and 2020 census'. [9]

Increasing by 470,708 people since July 2021, Texas was the largest-gaining state in the nation, reaching a total population of 30,029,572. [10] By crossing the 30-million-population threshold, Texas joins California as the only states with a resident population above 30 million as of 2023. Growth in Texas was fueled by gains from all three components: net domestic migration (230,961), net international migration (118,614), and natural increase (118,159). [11]

As of 2012, the state had an estimated 4.1 million foreign-born residents, constituting approximately 15% of the state population at the time. [12] An estimated 1.7 million people were undocumented immigrants in 2014. [13] The undocumented population of Texas decreased to an estimated 1,597,000 at the 2016 American Community Survey. Of the undocumented immigrant population, 960,000 have resided in Texas from less than 5 up to 14 years. An estimated 637,000 lived in Texas from 15 to 19 and 20 years or more. The undocumented immigrant population rebounded to 1,730,000 in 2018. [14]

The center of population of Texas is located at 30°54′19″N97°21′56″W / 30.905244°N 97.365594°W / 30.905244; -97.365594 in Bell County, in the town of Holland. [8]

Net domestic migration

Year [15] In-migrantsOut-migrantsNet migration
2010486,558411,64174,917
2011514,726404,839109,887
2012507,752402,187105,565
2013548,034409,977138,057
2014538,572435,107103,465
2015553,032445,343107,689
2016531,996444,34087,656
2017524,511467,33857,173
2018563,945462,140101,805
2019559,661453,015106,646

Race and ethnicity

Texas – Racial and Ethnic Composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / EthnicityPop 2000 [16] Pop 2010 [17] Pop 2020 [18] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)10,933,31311,397,34511,584,597
Black or African American alone (NH)2,364,2552,886,8253,444,712
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)68,85980,58685,425
Asian alone (NH)554,445948,4261,561,518
Pacific Islander alone (NH)10,75717,92027,8570.10%
Some Other Race alone (NH)19,95833,980113,5840.10%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)230,567319,558886,095
Hispanic or Latino (any race)6,669,6669,460,92111,441,717
Total20,851,82025,145,56129,145,505100.00%100.00%100.00%
Texas racial breakdown of population (1900–2023)
Racial composition1900 [19] 1910 [19] [20] 1920 [19] [20] 1930 [19] [20] 1940 [19] [20] 1950 [19] [20] 1960 [19] [20] 1970 [19] 1980 [19] 1990 [19] 2000 [21] 2010 [22] 2020 [23]
White 79.6%82.2%84.0%85.3%85.5%87.2%87.4%86.8%78.7%75.2%71.0%70.4%50.1%
Non-Hispanic White74.1%71.0%65.7%60.6%52.4%45.3%39.7%
Black 20.4%17.7%15.9%14.7%14.4%12.7%12.4%12.5%12.0%11.9%11.5%11.9%12.2%
Hispanic (of any race)7.1%9.9%13.8%11.5%13.3%14.8%16.4%21.0%25.5%32.0%37.6%39.3%
Asian 0.1%0.1%0.2%0.8%1.9%2.7%3.8%5.4%
Native Hawaiian and

other Pacific Islander

0.1%0.1%0.1%
Native 0.1%0.2%0.3%0.4%0.6%0.7%1.0%
Other race 0.4%8.2%10.6%11.7%10.5%13.6%
Two or more races 2.5%2.7%17.6%
Ethnic origins in Texas Ethnic Origins in Texas.png
Ethnic origins in Texas

In 2021, 40.2% of the population was Hispanic and Latino American of any race, 39.3% non-Hispanic white, 11.6% Black or African American, 1.5% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.1% Asian, 0.2% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.4% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races. [24] At the 2020 census, the racial and ethnic composition of the state was 42.5% white (39.7% non-Hispanic white), 11.8% Black or African American, 5.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 13.6% some other race, 17.6% two or more races, and 39.3% Hispanic and Latin American of any race. [25] [26]

In 2015 non-Hispanic whites made up 11,505,371 (41.9%) of the population, followed by Black Americans at 3,171,043 (11.5%); other races 1,793,580 (6.5%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 10,999,120 (40.0%). [27] At the 2010 United States census, the racial composition of Texas was the following: [28] White American 70.4 percent, (Non-Hispanic whites 45.3 percent), Black or African American 11.8 percent, American Indian 0.7 percent, Asian 3.8 percent (1.0 percent Indian, 0.8 percent Vietnamese, 0.6 percent Chinese, 0.4 percent Filipino, 0.3 percent Korean, 0.1 percent Japanese, 0.6 percent other Asian), Pacific Islander 0.1 percent, some other race 10.5 percent, and two or more races 2.7 percent. In addition, 37.6 percent of the population was Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (31.6 percent Mexican, 0.9 percent Salvadoran, 0.5 percent Puerto Rican, 0.4 percent Honduran, 0.3 percent Guatemalan 0.3 percent Spaniard, 0.2 percent Colombian, 0.2 percent Cuban). [29] In 2011, 69.8% of the population of Texas younger than age 1 were minorities (meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white). [30]

Welcome sign in Praha Praha texas.jpeg
Welcome sign in Praha

As of 1980 German, Irish, and English Americans have made the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas. [31] German Americans made up 11.3 percent of the population and number over 2.7 million members. Irish Americans made up 8.2 percent of the population and number over 1.9 million. There are roughly over 600,000 French Americans, 472,000 Italian Americans, 369,161 Scottish Americans, and 288,610 Polish Americans residing in Texas; these four ethnic groups made up 2.5 percent, 2.0 percent, 1.5 percent, and 1.0 percent of the population respectively. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing they were of English or mostly English ancestry, making them 27 percent of the state at the time. [31] Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies (the census of 1790 gives 48% of the population of English ancestry, together with 12% Scots and Scots-Irish, 4.5% other Irish, and 3% Welsh, for a total of 67.5% British and Irish; 13% were German, Swiss, Dutch, and French Huguenots; 19% were African American), [32] thus many of them today identify as "American" in ancestry, though they are of predominantly British stock. [33] [34] In 2012 there were nearly 200,000 Czech Americans living in Texas, the largest number of any state. [35]

El Paso was founded by Spanish settlers in 1659. Emory-El Paso.jpg
El Paso was founded by Spanish settlers in 1659.

Hispanics and Latinos are the second-largest groups in Texas after non-Hispanic European Americans. More than 8.5 million people claim Hispanic or Latin American ethnicity. This group forms over 37 percent of Texas's population. People of Mexican descent alone number over 7.9 million, and made up 31.6 percent of the population. The vast majority of the Hispanic/Latino population in the state is of Mexican descent, the next two largest groups are Salvadorans and Puerto Ricans. There are more than 222,000 Salvadorans and more than 130,000 Puerto Ricans in Texas. Other groups with large numbers in Texas include Hondurans, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, and Cubans, among others. [36] [37] The Hispanics in Texas are more likely than in some other states (such as California) to identify as white; according to the 2010 U.S. census, Texas is home to 6,304,207 White Hispanics and 2,594,206 Hispanics of "some other race" (usually mestizo).

African Americans are a racial minority in Texas. Their proportion of the population has declined since the early 20th century after many left the state in the Great Migration. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin made up 11.5 percent of the population in 2015; blacks of non-Hispanic origin formed 11.3 percent of the populace. African Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin numbered at roughly 2.7 million individuals, increasing in 2018 to 3,908,287. [38] The majority of the Black and African American population of Texas lives in the Greater Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio metropolitan areas. [39]

Native Americans are a smaller minority in the state. Native Americans made up 0.5 percent of Texas's population and number over 118,000 individuals as of 2015. [40] Native Americans of non-Hispanic origin made up 0.3 percent of the population and number over 75,000 individuals. Cherokee made up 0.1 percent of the population, and numbered over 19,400. In contrast, only 583 identified as Chippewa.

Asian Americans are a sizable minority group in Texas. Americans of Asian descent formed 4.5 percent of the population in 2015. [40] They total more than 1.2 million individuals. Over 200,000 Indian Americans make Texas their home. Texas is also home to more than 187,000 Vietnamese and 136,000 Chinese. In addition to 92,000 Filipinos and 62,000 Koreans, there are 18,000 Japanese Americans living in the state. Lastly, more than 111,000 people are of other Asian ancestry groups, such as Cambodian, Thai, and Hmong. Sugar Land, a city within the Houston metropolitan area, and Plano, within the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area, both have high concentrations of ethnic Chinese and Korean residents. The Houston and Dallas areas, [41] [42] [43] [44] and to a lesser extent, the Austin metropolitan area, [45] all contain substantial Vietnamese communities.

Americans with origins from the Pacific Islands are the smallest minority in Texas. According to the 2019 American Community Survey, only 21,484 Texans are Pacific Islanders. [46] The city of Euless, a suburb of Fort Worth, contains a sizable population of Tongan Americans, at nearly 900 people, over one percent of the city's population. Killeen has a sufficient population of Samoans and Guamanian, [47] and people of Pacific Islander descent surpass one percent of the city's population.

Multiracial individuals are also a visible minority in Texas. People identifying as multiracial form 2.9 percent of the population, and number over 800,000 people. [46] Over 80,000 Texans claim African and European heritage. People of European and American Indian ancestry number over 108,800. People of European and Asian ancestry number over 57,600. People of African and Native American ancestry were even smaller in number at 15,300.

German trek on its way to New Braunfels Bundesarchiv Bild 137-005007, Zeichnung, Deutscher Einwandererzug in Texas.jpg
German trek on its way to New Braunfels

German descendants inhabit much of central and southeast-central Texas. Over one-third of Texas residents are of Hispanic origin; while many have recently arrived, some Tejanos have ancestors with multi-generational ties to 18th century Texas. The African American population in Texas is increasing due to the New Great Migration. [48] [49] In addition to the descendants of the state's former slave population, many African American college graduates have come to the state for work recently in the New Great Migration. [48] Since the early 21st century, the Asian population in Texas has grown—primarily in Houston and Dallas. Other communities with a significantly growing Asian American population is in Austin, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, and the Sharyland area next McAllen, Texas. Three federally recognized Native American tribes reside in Texas: the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe, the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe, and the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo. [50]

In 2010, 49% of all births were Hispanics; 35% were non-Hispanic whites; 11.5% were non-Hispanic blacks, and 4.3 percent were Asians/Pacific Islanders. [51] Based on U.S. Census Bureau data released in February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas's non-Hispanic white population is below 50% (45%) and Hispanics grew to 38%. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population growth by 20.6%, but Hispanics and Latin Americans growth by 65%, whereas non-Hispanic whites grew by only 4.2%. [52] Texas has the fifth highest rate of teenage births in the nation and a plurality of these are to Hispanics or Latinos. [53]

Romani Americans are present in Texas. In Texas, the two main Roma subgroups are Vlax and Romanichal. They mainly live in Houston and Fort Worth, though significant numbers of Romani families live in Dallas, San Antonio, Austin, and El Paso. [54]

There is an Italian community in Texas. [55]

Birth data

Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
Race 2013 [56] 2014 [57] 2015 [58] 2016 [59] 2017 [60] 2018 [61] 2019 [62] 2020 [63] 2021 [64] 2022 [65]
White:318,211 (82.1%)326,480 (81.7%)327,429 (81.1%)..................
> Non-Hispanic White 136,608 (35.3%)140,992 (35.3%)140,553 (34.8%)134,262 (33.7%)127,533 (33.4%)125,549 (33.2%)124,678 (33.0%)120,329 (32.7%)123,452 (33.0%)121,868 (31.3%)
Black 49,039 (12.7%)51,274 (12.4%)53,144 (13.2%)48,562 (12.2%)48,642 (12.6%)48,144 (12.7%)47,326 (12.5%)46,643 (12.7%)46,371 (12.4%)47,804 (12.3%)
Asian 18,861 (4.9%)20,844 (5.2%)21,775 (5.4%)20,889 (5.2%)20,385 (5.3%)19,850 (5.2%)19,930 (5.3%)19,064 (5.2%)19,424 (5.2%)20,794 (5.3%)
American Indian 1,229 (0.3%)1,168 (0.3%)1,270 (0.3%)782 (0.2%)664 (0.2%)721 (0.2%)689 (0.2%)638 (0.2%)610 (0.2%)685 (0.2%)
Pacific Islander .........498 (0.1%)510 (0.1%)487 (0.1%)566 (0.1%)543 (0.1%)571 (0.1%)579 (0.1%)
Hispanic (of any race)185,467 (47.9%)189,462 (47.4%)191,157 (47.4%)188,393 (47.3%)180,216 (47.2%)179,142 (47.3%)179,689 (47.6%)175,940 (47.8%)177,386 (47.5%)190,889 (49.0%)
Total Texas387,340 (100%)399,766 (100%)403,618 (100%)398,047 (100%)382,050 (100%)378,624 (100%)377,599 (100%)368,190 (100%)373,594 (100%)389,741 (100%)

Languages

The most common American English accent spoken was Texan English, which is a mix of Southern American English and Western American English dialects. Louisiana Creole language is spoken mostly in Southeast Texas. Chicano English is also widely spoken, as well as African American Vernacular English, and General American English.

Top 10 non-English languages spoken in Texas
LanguagePercentage of population
(as of 2010) [66]
Spanish29.21%
Vietnamese 0.75%
Chinese (including Mandarin and Cantonese)0.56%
German0.33%
Tagalog 0.29%
French0.25%
Korean and Urdu (tied)0.24%
Hindi 0.23%
Arabic0.21%
Niger-Congo languages of West Africa (Ibo, Kru, and Yoruba)0.15%

In 2010, 65.80% (14,740,304) of Texas residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 29.21% (6,543,702) spoke Spanish, 0.75% (168,886) Vietnamese, and Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin) was spoken as a main language by 0.56% (122,921) of the population over the age of five. [66] Other languages spoken include German (including Texas German) by 0.33% (73,137,) Tagalog with 0.29% (73,137) speakers, and French (including Cajun French) was spoken by 0.25% (55,773) of Texans. [66] In total, 34.20% (7,660,406) of Texas's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English. [66]

The 2019 American Community Survey estimated 64.4% of the population spoke only English, and 35.6% spoke a language other than English. [67] Roughly 30% of the total population spoke Spanish. Approximately 50,742 Texans spoke French or a French-creole language. German and other West Germanic languages were spoken by 47,098 residents; Russian, Polish, and other Slavic languages by 27,956; Korean by 31,581; Chinese 22,616; Vietnamese 81,022; Tagalog 43,360; and Arabic by 26,281 Texans. [68]

Religion

Religion in Texas (2014) [69]

   Protestantism (50%)
   Catholicism (23%)
   Mormonism (1%)
  Other Christians (3%)
   No religion (18%)
   Judaism (1%)
  Other religion (3%)
  No response given/Unknown (1%)

The majority of Texas's population have been and remain predominantly Christian (75.5%). Influenced by Spanish Catholic and American Protestant missionary work. [70] [71] Texas's large Christian population is also influenced due to its location within the Bible Belt. [72] The following largest groups were the irreligious (20%), Judaism (1%), Islam (1%), Buddhism (1%) and Hinduism, and other religions at less than 1 percent each.

Religious affiliation (2020) [73]
Christian
75.5%
Catholic
28%
Protestant
47%
Other Christian
0.5%
Unaffiliated
20%
Jewish
1%
Muslim
1%
Buddhist
1%
Other faiths
5%

The largest Christian denomination as of 2014 has been the Catholic Church, per the Pew Research Center at 23% of the population, though Protestants altogether made up 50% of the Christian population in 2014; [74] in another study by the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, the Catholic Church's membership increased to encompassing 28% of the population identifying with a religious or spiritual belief. [71] At the 2020 Association of Religion Data Archives study, there were 5,905,142 Catholics in the state. [75] The largest Catholic jurisdictions in Texas are the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston—the first and oldest Latin Church diocese in Texas [76] —the dioceses of Dallas, Fort Worth, and the Archdiocese of San Antonio.

Among Protestant Christians, which as a whole declined to 47% of the population in a separate study by the Public Religion Research Institute, predominantly-white Evangelical Protestantism declined to 14% of the Protestant Christian population. Mainline Protestants in contrast made up 15% of Protestant Texas. Hispanic or Latino American-dominated Protestant churches and historically Black or African American Protestantism grew to a collective 13% of the Protestant population.

In contrast, Evangelical Protestants altogether were 31% of the population at the Pew Research Center's 2014 study, and Baptists were the largest Evangelical tradition (14%); [74] per the 2014 study, they made up the second largest Mainline Protestant group behind Methodists (4%). Nondenominational and interdenominational Christians were the second largest Evangelical group (7%) followed by Pentecostals (4%). The largest Evangelical Baptists in the state were the Southern Baptist Convention (9%) and independent Baptists (3%). The Assemblies of God made the largest Evangelical Pentecostal denomination in 2014. Among Mainline Protestants, the United Methodist Church was the largest denomination (4%) and the American Baptist Churches USA comprised the second largest Mainline Protestant group (2%).

According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the largest historically African American Christian denominations were the National Baptist Convention (USA) and the Church of God in Christ. Black Methodists and other Christians made up less than 1 percent each of the Christian demographic. Other Christians made up 1 percent of the total Christian population, and the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox formed less than 1 percent of the statewide Christian populace. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the largest nontrinitarian Christian group in Texas alongside the Jehovah's Witnesses. [74]

The Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020 determined Southern Baptists numbered 3,319,962; non-denominational Protestants 2,405,786 (including Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, and the Churches of Christ altogether numbering 2,758,353); and United Methodists 938,399 as the most numerous Protestant groups in the state. [75] Baptists altogether (Southern Baptists, American Baptist Associates, American Baptists, Full Gospel Baptists, General Baptists, Free Will Baptists, National Baptists, National Baptists of America, National Missionary Baptists, National Primitive Baptists, and Progressive National Baptists) numbered 3,837,306; Methodists within United Methodism, the AME, AME Zion, CME, and the Free Methodist Church numbered up 1,026,453 Texans.

In 2020, the same study numbered 425,038 Pentecostals spread among the Assemblies of God, Church of God (Cleveland), and Church of God in Christ. Nontrinitarian or Oneness Pentecostals numbered 7,042 among Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ, COOLJC, and the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World. Other Christians including the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox numbered 55,329 altogether, and Episcopalians numbered 134,318 although the Anglican Catholic Church, Anglican Church in America, Anglican Church in North America, Anglican Province of America, and Holy Catholic Church Anglican Rite had a collective presence in 114 churches.

Non-Christian faiths accounted for 4% of the religious population in 2014, and 5% in 2020 per the Pew Research Center and Public Religion Research Institute. [74] [71] Adherents of many other religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas. Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism were tied as the second largest religion as of 2014 and 2020. In 2014, 18% of the state's population were religiously unaffiliated. Of the unaffiliated in 2014, an estimated 2% were atheists and 3% agnostic.

In 1990, the Islamic population was about 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current number of Muslims between 350,000 and 400,000 as of 2012. [77] The Association of Religion Data Archives estimated there were 313,209 Muslims as of 2020. [75] Texas is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country. [78] The Jewish population was around 128,000 in 2008. [79] In 2020, the Jewish population grew to over 176,000. [80] According to ARDA's 2020 study, there were 43 Chabad synagogues; 17,513 Conservative Jews; 8,110 Orthodox Jews; and 31,378 Reform Jews. Around 146,000 adherents of religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism lived in Texas as of 2004. [81] By 2020, there were 112,153 Hindus and 20 Sikh gurdwaras; 60,882 Texans adhered to Buddhism.

Settlements

As of 2010, the state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. [82] These three rank among the 10 most populous cities of the United States. As of 2020, six Texas cities had populations greater than 600,000 people. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 20 largest U.S. cities. Texas has four metropolitan areas with populations greater than a million: Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington , Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown , San Antonio–New Braunfels , and Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos . The Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas numbered about 7.5 million and 7 million residents as of 2019. [83]

Largest city in Texas by year [84]
Year(s)City
1850–1860 Galveston [85]
1860–1870 San Antonio [86]
1870–1890 Galveston [85]
1890–1900 Dallas [84]
1900–1930 San Antonio [86]
1930–present Houston [87]

Three interstate highwaysI-35 to the west (Dallas–Fort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Triangle megaregion. The region of 60,000 square miles (160,000 km2) contains most of the state's largest cities and metropolitan areas as well as 17 million people, nearly 75 percent of Texas's total population. [88] Houston and Dallas have been recognized as beta world cities. [89] These cities are spread out amongst the state. Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any other state by 95 (Georgia). [90]

In contrast to the cities, unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty. [91] The office of the Texas Attorney General stated, in 2011, that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias. Hidalgo County, as of 2011, has the largest number of colonias. [92] Texas has the largest number of people of all states, living in colonias. [91]

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Texas
2021 U.S. Census Bureau Estimate [93]
Rank Name County Pop.
Aerial views of the Houston, Texas, skyline in 2014 LCCN2014632225.jpg
Houston
SA Skyline 2020.jpg
San Antonio
1 Houston Harris 2,288,250 View of Dallas from Reunion Tower August 2015 13.jpg
Dallas
Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg
Austin
2 San Antonio Bexar 1,451,853
3 Dallas Dallas 1,288,457
4 Austin Travis 964,177
5 Fort Worth Tarrant 935,508
6 El Paso El Paso 678,415
7 Arlington Tarrant 392,786
8 Corpus Christi Nueces 317,773
9 Plano Collin 288,253
10 Lubbock Lubbock 260,993

See also

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Greenwood is a suburban town in southern Caddo Parish, which is located in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a population of 3,166 at the 2020 United States census, it is the third most populous incorporated municipality in Caddo Parish after Shreveport and Blanchard. Part of the Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan statistical area, it is located 15 miles west of downtown Shreveport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waskom, Texas</span> City in Texas, United States

Waskom is a city in the U.S. state of Texas with a 2020 census-tabulated population of 1,910, down from 2,160 residents in 2010. It is located in Harrison County and lies approximately 19 miles (31 km) east of the county seat, Marshall, on U.S. 80 and Interstate 20. Waskom forms part of Greater Marshall, which is also included in the Longview–Marshall combined statistical area in the Ark-La-Tex region. To the east are the cities of Greenwood and Shreveport, Louisiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garland, Texas</span> City in Texas, United States

Garland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located within Dallas County with portions extending into Collin and Rockwall counties. It is located northeast of Dallas and is a part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2020, it had a population of 246,018, making it the 93rd-most populous city in the United States and the 13th-most populous city in Texas. Garland is the third largest city in Dallas County by population and has access to downtown Dallas via public transportation including two DART Blue Line stations and buses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longview, Texas</span> City in Texas, United States

Longview is a city in, and county seat of, Gregg County, Texas, United States. Longview is located in East Texas, where Interstate 20 and U.S. highways 80 and 259 converge just north of the Sabine River. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the city had a population of 81,638. Longview is the principal city of the Longview metropolitan statistical area, comprising Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties. The population of the metropolitan area as of 2021 census estimates was 287,858.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Houston</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in Texas, United States

Greater Houston, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, is the fifth-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States, encompassing nine counties along the Gulf Coast in Southeast Texas. With a population of 7,510,253 in 2023, Greater Houston is the second-most populous metropolitan area in Texas after the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</span> Conurbation in the United States

The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, officially designated Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. state of Texas and the Southern United States, encompassing 11 counties. Its historically dominant core cities are Dallas and Fort Worth. It is the economic and cultural hub of North Texas. Residents of the area also refer to it as DFW or the Metroplex. The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area's population was 7,637,387 according to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 census, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. and the eleventh-largest in the Americas. In 2016, the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex had the highest annual population growth in the United States. By 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area's population had increased to 8,100,037, with the highest numerical growth of any metropolitan area in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West South Central states</span> U.S. Census Bureau region

The West South Central states, colloquially known as the South Central states, is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as covering four states: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. The West South Central or South Central region is located within the Southern United States and Gulf Coast regions, bordering the Mountain states and Midwestern U.S. regions to its north and west. The Gulf of Mexico is to the south of the region. Houston is the South Central's largest city, and the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area is the region's largest metropolis.

Dallas is the ninth-most populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. At the 2010 U.S. census, Dallas had a population of 1,197,816. In July 2018, the population estimate of the city of Dallas was 1,345,076, an increase of 147,260 since the 2010 United States Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longview metropolitan area, Texas</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in Texas, United States

The Longview metropolitan statistical area is a metropolitan area in Northeast Texas that covers four counties—Gregg, Harrison, Rusk, and Upshur. As of the 2010 census the MSA had a population of 280,000. Before 2023, it was also part of the larger Longview–Marshall combined statistical area. In 2023, the Marshall micropolitan area was disestablished and its sole county, Harrison County, was made part of the Longview metropolitan area.

Florida is the third-most populous state in the United States. Its residents include people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national and religious backgrounds. The state has attracted immigrants, particularly from Latin America. Florida's majority ethnic group are European Americans, with approximately 65% of the population identifying as White. National ethnic communities in the state include Cubans, who migrated en masse following the revolution in the mid 20th century. They have been joined by other immigrants from Latin America, and Spanish is spoken by more than 20% of the state's population, with high usage especially in the Miami-Dade County area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Louisiana</span>

Louisiana is a South Central U.S. state, with a 2020 U.S. census resident population of 4,657,757, and apportioned population of 4,661,468. Much of the state's population is concentrated in southern Louisiana in the Greater New Orleans, Florida Parishes, and Acadiana regions, with the remainder in North and Central Louisiana's major metropolitan areas. The center of population of Louisiana is located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Arkansas</span>

Arkansas is the 32nd largest U.S. state, with a population of 3,011,524 as of the 2020 United States census.

Tennessee is the fifteenth most populous state in the United States with a population of 7,051,339 as of 2022, and has the twentieth-highest population density. The 2020 United States census reported its population to be 6,916,897.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans</span>

The demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans depict a population that is the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, 62 million people or 18.7% of the national population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyler metropolitan area</span> Metropolitan statistical area in Texas, United States

The Tyler metropolitan area, or Greater Tyler area centered on the city of Tyler, Texas, is one of the largest Texan metropolitan areas in East Texas. It had a combined population of 216,080 according to the 2010 U.S. census, and 233,479 in 2020. The Tyler metropolitan area encompasses all of Smith County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)</span>

Georgia is a South Atlantic U.S. state with a population of 10,711,908 according to the 2020 United States census, or just over 3% of the U.S. population. The majority of the state's population is concentrated within Metro Atlanta, although other highly populated regions include: West Central and East Central Georgia; West, Central, and East Georgia; and Coastal Georgia; and their Athens, Columbus, Macon and Warner Robins, Augusta, Savannah, Hinesville, and Brunswick metropolitan statistical areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of South Carolina</span>

The U.S. state of South Carolina is located in the Southern United States. It is the 23rd largest state by population, with a population of 5,118,425 according to 2020 United States Census estimates.

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